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EP1163435B1 - Internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1163435B1
EP1163435B1 EP00905069A EP00905069A EP1163435B1 EP 1163435 B1 EP1163435 B1 EP 1163435B1 EP 00905069 A EP00905069 A EP 00905069A EP 00905069 A EP00905069 A EP 00905069A EP 1163435 B1 EP1163435 B1 EP 1163435B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion chamber
electrodes
cone
spark
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00905069A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1163435A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Ernst
Bernhard Heel
Rolf Klenk
Frank Otto
Klaus Rössler
Guido Vent
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B17/00—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
    • F02B17/005—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders having direct injection in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F02B23/101—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on or close to the cylinder centre axis, e.g. with mixture formation using spray guided concepts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F02B2023/102—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the spark plug being placed offset the cylinder centre axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F02B2023/106—Tumble flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is horizontal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F02B2023/108—Swirl flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/48—Tumble motion in gas movement in cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a direct-injection gasoline engine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a combustion chamber in each cylinder is limited by a longitudinally movable piston and the inner wall of a cylinder head, wherein an injector injects fuel for internal mixture formation with separately supplied combustion air into the combustion chamber.
  • the composition of the fuel / air mixture must be within the flammable window to be ignitable by means of a spark which is triggered between the electrodes of a spark plug.
  • a direct injection internal combustion engine which has a pent roof-shaped combustion chamber and a centrally arranged injector, wherein the electrodes of the spark plug are arranged in the vicinity of the inlet valve.
  • the fuel is injected in the form of a hollow cone in a piston having a trough with a circular projecting part, and bounces against the piston recess.
  • the scattered fuel is transported by a tumble flow to the electrodes of the spark plug, wherein the circular protruding Part of the piston recess prevents the atomized fuel from being scattered in the direction of the cylinder wall, whereby a stable stratified charge combustion is ensured.
  • DE 196 42 653 C1 a method for forming an ignitable mixture in the combustion chamber of a direct-injection internal combustion engine is known in which an injector is used, with which the opening stroke of the valve member and the injection time are variably adjustable, so that in particular in the stratified charge mode a consumption and emission optimized internal mixture formation is made possible. Furthermore, DE 196 42 653 C1 provides that the electrodes of the spark plug protrude into a mixture cloud and should ignite reliably in the event of slight deposits due to the wetting of the fuel during the injection process.
  • a direct injection internal combustion engine is known, the injectors injection inject the fuel cone-shaped in the combustion chamber with the injectors, wherein the spark plug is arranged such that their electrodes are outside the lateral surface of the fuel cone generated by the injection nozzle.
  • the electrodes are free of coking over a long period of operation, whereby a proper work of the internal combustion engine should be guaranteed without misfiring.
  • the spark plug is arranged such that the ground electrode is at a small distance from the lateral surface of the fuel cone and the inner wall of the cylinder head parallel to the lateral surface of the fuel cone extends to form a gap at least the point at which the electrodes of the spark plug are arranged.
  • a vortex flow should result, which consists of fuel / air mixture and extends into the region of the electrodes.
  • a special shape of the inner wall and an injector near arrangement of the spark plug is required.
  • the injector is arranged in a depression of the inner wall, that is set back from the free combustion chamber volume, whereby the mixture vortex in the region adjacent to the injection nozzle and is to circulate in the cavity which is formed between the lateral surface of the fuel cone and the inner wall of the cylinder head in the region of the injection nozzle , Furthermore, air should flow back through the air gap between the fuel cone and the parallel, also conical inner wall of the cylinder head, which was displaced by the fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber boundary In the known direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber boundary must be precisely designed in particular by the inner wall of the cylinder head with great effort to achieve the desired fluidic effects to form the ignitable mixture vortices.
  • the known combustion chamber configuration with the required combustion chamber shape for mixture vortex formation and the inevitable injector close arranged spark plug can often not reach an optimal combustion process and ensure the desired performance of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention has for its object to form the direct-injection Otto internal combustion engine of the generic type such that the internal combustion engine operates with optimal performance.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention is characterized in that a direct-injection Otto internal combustion engine is provided with a combustion chamber which is bounded in each cylinder by a piston recess having a longitudinally movable piston and the inner wall of a cylinder head, further comprising an injector, the fuel injector hollow cone with a Opening angle between 70 ° and 100 ° injected into the combustion chamber to form an ignitable fuel / air mixture with separately supplied combustion air, wherein the mixture is to ignite a spark plug whose electrodes are outside the lateral surface of the fuel cone generated by the injector, wherein a stratified charge mode, the fuel in the form of an uninfluenced by the combustion chamber boundary free jet as a hollow fuel cone in the combustion chamber can be brought, so that a fuel vortex regardless of the combustion chamber boundary from the lateral surface of the fuel jet jet is formed as a peripheral vortex, and the spark plug is arranged such that the electrodes of the spark plug protrude into the fuel vortex emerging during the injection of the fuel from the lateral
  • the fuel cone is injected in a free jet virtually uninfluenced by the combustion chamber boundary, ie the fuel cone is injected at such a large distance, in particular from the inner wall of the cylinder head, that the conical fuel jet is largely without Fluidic wall effects of the combustion chamber boundary propagates in the free combustion chamber volume.
  • fuel vortices that protrude from the lateral surface of the cone form, which initially consist primarily of fuel vapor and mix with the surrounding combustion air in the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel vortices are particularly pronounced when the opening angle of the fuel cone between 70 ° and 100 ° and are generated by an air flow, which arises in the region of the lateral surface of the fuel cone due to the fuel jet entrained air, in the opposite direction by the resulting negative pressure also an air flow is generated.
  • the spark plug according to the invention is positioned such that the electrodes protrude into the fuel vortex of the free jet.
  • the spark position of the electrodes is preferably 1 mm to 15 mm away from the lateral surface of the fuel cone.
  • the fuel vortex which brings ignitable mixture between the electrodes, forms on the lateral surface of the free jet without effective influence of the combustion chamber boundary, so that the combustion chamber shape can be freely designed.
  • the spark plug can be located further away than previously removed from the injector.
  • the fuel vortex is long stable at the same point in the combustion chamber, whereby the ignition can take place in a wide time interval regardless of the injection point.
  • the free jet of fuel is preferably injected in the form of a hollow cone in the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel vortices form in a form which is particularly suitable for transporting the mixture to the spark plug, in particular during injection at high cylinder pressure in the compression phase during the stratified charge operation.
  • the fuel cone with a hollow cone shape can be embodied in a particularly simple manner if the injector has an outwardly opening injection nozzle.
  • the single drawing figure shows a direct injection Otto internal combustion engine 1, in the cylinder 2, a piston 3 is arranged to be longitudinally movable and with the inner wall 15 of a cylinder head 2 mounted on the cylinder 5 a combustion chamber 4 limited.
  • a fuel injector 6 is arranged, which centrally directed on the cylinder center axis 14 injects fuel directed to the piston 3 directly into the combustion chamber 4.
  • the combustion air required for internal mixture formation is supplied to the combustion chamber 4 through an inlet channel 13.
  • a spark plug 7 is further arranged, the electrodes 12 protrude into the combustion chamber 4, wherein at the ignition a spark between the electrodes 12 is triggered, which blows through ignitable mixture in the combustion chamber 4 when skipping.
  • the injector 6 has an outwardly opening injection nozzle 11, which generates a hollow cone-shaped fuel jet that widens toward the piston.
  • the electrodes 12 of the spark plug 7 are outside the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone 8 generated by the injection nozzle 11 and are thus not wetted with fuel during the injection process.
  • the injector is actuated piezoelectrically, wherein the injection nozzle 11 is released and closed by a piezoelectric element quickly and precisely adjustable.
  • the internal combustion engine operates in wide map areas in the stratified charge mode, wherein the fuel is injected during the compression stroke of the cylinder 2. Due to the late fuel injection during the working cycle creates a stratified combustion chamber charge with locally different fuel concentrations, outside of the fuel cone 8 forms very lean mixture or is pure air.
  • the internal combustion engine has such a combustion chamber configuration that the fuel cone 8 is injected in a free jet largely uninfluenced by the combustion chamber boundary through the cylinder head inner wall 15.
  • the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone 8 can be far away from the inner wall 15, with fuel vortices 10 forming on the free jet, decoupled from the wall influence of the combustion chamber boundary, which project from the lateral surface 9.
  • the opening angle ⁇ of the fuel cone 8 is between 70 ° and 100 °, with the fuel vortices 10 appearing particularly pronounced at the edge of the cone.
  • the fuel vortices 10 arise due to an air flow in the region of the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone by air entrained by the fuel jet, wherein this flow is also generated by the resulting negative pressure an air flow.
  • the fuel vortices 10 transport fuel in far out of the way Fuel cone 8 lying combustion chamber areas and mix there with the combustion air.
  • the spark plug is arranged such that the electrodes 12 protrude into the mixture vortex 10. Even in the combustion chamber region outside the fuel cone 8, in which the electrodes 12 are protected against direct wetting of the fuel, an ignitable mixture can be provided at the spark plug 7 with the fuel vortices 10 present in free-jet injection.
  • the fuel vortices 10 are formed almost independently of the combustion chamber shape and the inner wall 15 of the cylinder head 5 can therefore be designed arbitrarily.
  • the injection-free jet is hollow cone-shaped, whereby a high proportion of the total fuel injection quantity is guided in the lateral surface 9 of the conical jet 8 and is thus detectable by the fuel vortices 10.
  • the ignition timing can be varied and adjusted as needed in a wide range substantially independent of the injection time, since the fuel vortices are pronounced stable over a longer period in the combustion chamber and about 50 KW after the end of injection still fuel is present at the spark plug 7.
  • the spark plug 7 can be arranged relatively far away from the injector 6 in the cylinder head, whereby the combustion chamber configuration and the structural design of the cylinder head 5 are considerably simplified.
  • the distance of the spark position corresponding to the arrangement of the electrodes 12 to the injection nozzle may be between 7 mm and 30 mm.
  • the spark location is between 1 mm to 15 mm away from the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone 8.
  • the distance of the electrodes 12 to the fuel cone 8 is selected according to the desired performance in the particular application of the direct-injection gasoline engine 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine direkteinspritzende Otto-Brennkraftmaschine der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a direct-injection gasoline engine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Bei direkteinspritzenden Otto-Brennkraftmaschinen ist ein Brennraum in jedem Zylinder von einem längsbeweglichen Kolben und der Innenwand eines Zylinderkopfes begrenzt, wobei ein Injektor Kraftstoff zur inneren Gemischbildung mit separat zugeführter Verbrennungsluft in den Brennraum einspritzt. Die Zusammensetzung des Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisches muss innerhalb des zündfähigen Fensters liegen, um mittels eines Zündfunkens zündbar zu sein, welcher zwischen den Elektroden einer Zündkerze auslösbar ist.In direct injection Otto internal combustion engines, a combustion chamber in each cylinder is limited by a longitudinally movable piston and the inner wall of a cylinder head, wherein an injector injects fuel for internal mixture formation with separately supplied combustion air into the combustion chamber. The composition of the fuel / air mixture must be within the flammable window to be ignitable by means of a spark which is triggered between the electrodes of a spark plug.

Aus der EP 835994 A2 ist eine direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, welche einen Pultdachförmigen Brennraum und einen mittig angeordneten Injektor aufweist, wobei die Elektroden der Zündkerze in der Nähe des Einlassventils angeordnet sind. Der Kraftstoff wird in Form eines Hohlkegels in einen Kolben eingespritzt, der eine Mulde mit einem kreisförmigen vorstehenden Teil aufweist, und prallt gegen die Kolbenmulde. Der dabei gestreute Kraftstoff wird durch eine Tumbleströmung zu den Elektroden der Zündkerze transportiert, wobei der kreisförmige vorstehende Teil der Kolbenmulde den zerstäubten Kraftstoff daran hindert, in Richtung der Zylinderwand gestreut zu werden, wodurch eine stabile Schichtlade-Verbrennung gewährleistet wird.From EP 835994 A2 a direct injection internal combustion engine is known, which has a pent roof-shaped combustion chamber and a centrally arranged injector, wherein the electrodes of the spark plug are arranged in the vicinity of the inlet valve. The fuel is injected in the form of a hollow cone in a piston having a trough with a circular projecting part, and bounces against the piston recess. The scattered fuel is transported by a tumble flow to the electrodes of the spark plug, wherein the circular protruding Part of the piston recess prevents the atomized fuel from being scattered in the direction of the cylinder wall, whereby a stable stratified charge combustion is ensured.

Aus der DE 196 42 653 C1 ist ein Verfahren zur Bildung eines zündfähigen Gemisches im Brennraum einer direkteinspritzenden Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem ein Injektor verwendet wird, mit dem der Öffnungshub des Ventilgliedes und die Einspritzzeit variabel einstellbar sind, so dass insbesondere im Schichtladungsbetrieb eine verbrauchs- und emissionsoptimierte innere Gemischbildung ermöglicht wird. Weiterhin sieht die DE 196 42 653 C1 vor, dass die Elektroden der Zündkerze in eine Gemischwolke einragen und bei geringfügigen Ablagerungen infolge Kraftstoffbenetzung während des Einspritzvorgangs zuverlässig zünden sollen.From DE 196 42 653 C1 a method for forming an ignitable mixture in the combustion chamber of a direct-injection internal combustion engine is known in which an injector is used, with which the opening stroke of the valve member and the injection time are variably adjustable, so that in particular in the stratified charge mode a consumption and emission optimized internal mixture formation is made possible. Furthermore, DE 196 42 653 C1 provides that the electrodes of the spark plug protrude into a mixture cloud and should ignite reliably in the event of slight deposits due to the wetting of the fuel during the injection process.

Aus der DE 195 46 945 A1 ist eine direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, deren Injektoren mit ihren Einspritzdüsen den Kraftstoff kegelförmig in den Brennraum einspritzen, wobei die Zündkerze derart angeordnet ist, dass ihre Elektroden außerhalb der Mantelfläche des von der Einspritzdüse erzeugten Kraftstoffkegels liegen. Auf diese Weise wird eine Benetzung der Elektroden mit Kraftstoff beim Einspritzvorgang vermieden und der Russablagerung auf den Elektroden aufgrund unvollständig verbrannten Kraftstoffes entgegengewirkt. Die Elektroden sind über einen langen Betriebszeitraum von Verkokungen frei, wodurch ein ordnungsgemäßes Arbeiten der Brennkraftmaschine ohne Zündaussetzer gewährleistet sein soll. Um zündfähiges Gemisch zwischen die außerhalb des Kraftstoffkegels angeordneten Elektroden zu bringen, ist die Zündkerze derart angeordnet, dass die Masseelektrode mit einem geringen Abstand zur Mantelfläche des Kraftstoffkegels liegt und die Innenwand des Zylinderkopfes parallel zur Mantelfläche des Kraftstoffkegels verläuft unter Ausbildung eines Zwischenraumes zumindest an derjenigen Stelle, an der die Elektroden der Zündkerze angeordnet sind.From DE 195 46 945 A1 a direct injection internal combustion engine is known, the injectors injection inject the fuel cone-shaped in the combustion chamber with the injectors, wherein the spark plug is arranged such that their electrodes are outside the lateral surface of the fuel cone generated by the injection nozzle. In this way, a wetting of the electrodes with fuel during the injection process is avoided and the soot deposition on the electrodes counteracted due to incompletely burned fuel. The electrodes are free of coking over a long period of operation, whereby a proper work of the internal combustion engine should be guaranteed without misfiring. In order to bring ignitable mixture between the arranged outside of the fuel cone electrodes, the spark plug is arranged such that the ground electrode is at a small distance from the lateral surface of the fuel cone and the inner wall of the cylinder head parallel to the lateral surface of the fuel cone extends to form a gap at least the point at which the electrodes of the spark plug are arranged.

In dem Zwischenraum soll sich eine Wirbelströmung ergeben, welche aus Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch besteht und in den Bereich der Elektroden reicht. Um die Wirbelströmung zu generieren, ist eine besondere Formgebung der Innenwand und eine injektornahe Anordnung der Zündkerze erforderlich. Der Injektor ist in einer Einsenkung der Innenwand angeordnet, also vom freien Brennraumvolumen zurückgesetzt, wodurch der Gemischwirbel in dem der Einspritzdüse benachbarten Bereich entstehen und in dem Hohlraum zirkulieren soll, welcher zwischen der Mantelfläche des Kraftstoffkegels und der Innenwand des Zylinderkopfes im Bereich der Einspritzdüse gebildet ist. Des weiteren soll durch den Luftspalt zwischen dem Kraftstoffkegel und der parallelen, ebenso kegelförmigen Innenwand des Zylinderkopfes Luft zurückströmen, die von dem in den Brennraum eingespritzten Kraftstoff verdrängt wurde. Während der Rückströmung zur Zündkerze entlang der Innenwand sollen weitere Kraftstoffteilchen aus dem Kraftstoffkegel mitgerissen werden. Die Wirbelströmung ist im injektornahen Bereich genügend stark ausgebildet, um zündfähiges Gemisch zwischen die Elektroden einer Zündkerze zu bringen. Die Zündkerze muss demnach nahe dem Injektor angeordnet sein.In the interspace a vortex flow should result, which consists of fuel / air mixture and extends into the region of the electrodes. In order to generate the vortex flow, a special shape of the inner wall and an injector near arrangement of the spark plug is required. The injector is arranged in a depression of the inner wall, that is set back from the free combustion chamber volume, whereby the mixture vortex in the region adjacent to the injection nozzle and is to circulate in the cavity which is formed between the lateral surface of the fuel cone and the inner wall of the cylinder head in the region of the injection nozzle , Furthermore, air should flow back through the air gap between the fuel cone and the parallel, also conical inner wall of the cylinder head, which was displaced by the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. During the backflow to the spark plug along the inner wall, more fuel particles are to be entrained from the fuel cone. The vortex flow is sufficiently strong in the injector-near region to bring ignitable mixture between the electrodes of a spark plug. The spark plug must therefore be located close to the injector.

Bei der bekannten direkteinspritzenden Otto-Brennkraftmaschine muss die Brennraumbegrenzung insbesondere durch die Innenwand des Zylinderkopfes mit hohem Aufwand präzise gestaltet werden, um die gewünschten strömungstechnischen Effekte zur Bildung der zündfähigen Gemischwirbel zu erreichen. Die bekannte Brennraumkonfiguration mit der zur Gemischwirbelbildung erforderlichen Brennraumform und der zwangsläufig injektornah angeordneten Zündkerze kann oftmals einen optimalen Verbrennungsvorgang nicht erreichen und das gewünschte Betriebsverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine gewährleisten.In the known direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber boundary must be precisely designed in particular by the inner wall of the cylinder head with great effort to achieve the desired fluidic effects to form the ignitable mixture vortices. The known combustion chamber configuration with the required combustion chamber shape for mixture vortex formation and the inevitable injector close arranged spark plug can often not reach an optimal combustion process and ensure the desired performance of the internal combustion engine.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die direkteinspritzende Otto-Brennkraftmaschine der gattungsgemäßen Art derart auszubilden, dass die Brennkraftmaschine mit optimalem Betriebsverhalten arbeitet.The present invention has for its object to form the direct-injection Otto internal combustion engine of the generic type such that the internal combustion engine operates with optimal performance.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass eine direkteinspritzende Otto-Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Brennraum vorgesehen ist, der in jedem Zylinder von einem eine Kolbenmulde aufweisenden längsbeweglichen Kolben und der Innenwand eines Zylinderkopfes begrenzt ist, ferner mit einem Injektor, dessen Einspritzdüse Kraftstoff hohlkegelförmig mit einem Öffnungswinkel zwischen 70° und 100° in den Brennraum einspritzt zur Bildung eines zündfähigen Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisches mit separat zugeführter Verbrennungsluft, wobei das Gemisch von einer Zündkerze zu zünden ist, deren Elektroden außerhalb der Mantelfläche des von der Einspritzdüse erzeugten Kraftstoffkegels liegen, wobei in einem Schichtladungsbetrieb der Kraftstoff in Form eines von der Brennraumbegrenzung unbeeinflussten Freistrahls als ein Kraftstoffhohlkegel in den Brennraum bringbar ist, so dass ein Kraftstoffwirbel unabhängig von der Brennraumbegrenzung aus der Mantelfläche des eingespritzten Kraftstoffstrahls als Randwirbel gebildet wird , und die Zündkerze derart angeordnet ist, dass die Elektroden der Zündkerze in den bei der Einspritzung des Kraftstoffes aus der Mantelfläche des erzeugten Kraftstoffkegels hervortretenden Kraftstoffwirbel einragen.The internal combustion engine according to the invention is characterized in that a direct-injection Otto internal combustion engine is provided with a combustion chamber which is bounded in each cylinder by a piston recess having a longitudinally movable piston and the inner wall of a cylinder head, further comprising an injector, the fuel injector hollow cone with a Opening angle between 70 ° and 100 ° injected into the combustion chamber to form an ignitable fuel / air mixture with separately supplied combustion air, wherein the mixture is to ignite a spark plug whose electrodes are outside the lateral surface of the fuel cone generated by the injector, wherein a stratified charge mode, the fuel in the form of an uninfluenced by the combustion chamber boundary free jet as a hollow fuel cone in the combustion chamber can be brought, so that a fuel vortex regardless of the combustion chamber boundary from the lateral surface of the fuel jet jet is formed as a peripheral vortex, and the spark plug is arranged such that the electrodes of the spark plug protrude into the fuel vortex emerging during the injection of the fuel from the lateral surface of the fuel cone produced.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Brennraumkonfiguration wird der Kraftstoffkegel in einem von der Brennraumbegrenzung nahezu unbeeinflussten Freistrahl eingespritzt, d.h. der Kraftstoffkegel wird in einem derartig großen Abstand, insbesondere von der Innenwand des Zylinderkopfes eingespritzt, dass sich der kegelförmige Kraftstoffstrahl weitgehend ohne strömungsmechanische Wandeffekte der Brennraumbegrenzung im freien Brennraumvolumen ausbreitet. Dabei bilden sich bei der Einspritzung aus der Mantelfläche des Kegels hervortretende Kraftstoffwirbel, welche zunächst hauptsächlich aus Kraftstoffdampf bestehen und sich mit der umliegenden Verbrennungsluft im Brennraum vermischen. Die Kraftstoffwirbel bilden sich besonders deutlich aus, wenn der Öffnungswinkel des Kraftstoffkegels zwischen 70° und 100° beträgt und werden durch eine Luftströmung erzeugt, welche im Bereich der Mantelfläche des Kraftstoffkegels aufgrund vom Kraftstoffstrahl mitgerissener Luft entsteht, wobei in entgegengesetzter Richtung durch den entstehenden Unterdruck ebenfalls eine Luftströmung erzeugt wird. Die Zündkerze wird erfindungsgemäß derart positioniert, dass die Elektroden in den Kraftstoffwirbel des Freistrahls einragen. Vorzugsweise ist die Funkenlage der Elektroden 1 mm bis 15 mm von der Mantelfläche des Kraftstoffkegels entfernt.In the combustion chamber configuration according to the invention, the fuel cone is injected in a free jet virtually uninfluenced by the combustion chamber boundary, ie the fuel cone is injected at such a large distance, in particular from the inner wall of the cylinder head, that the conical fuel jet is largely without Fluidic wall effects of the combustion chamber boundary propagates in the free combustion chamber volume. During the injection, fuel vortices that protrude from the lateral surface of the cone form, which initially consist primarily of fuel vapor and mix with the surrounding combustion air in the combustion chamber. The fuel vortices are particularly pronounced when the opening angle of the fuel cone between 70 ° and 100 ° and are generated by an air flow, which arises in the region of the lateral surface of the fuel cone due to the fuel jet entrained air, in the opposite direction by the resulting negative pressure also an air flow is generated. The spark plug according to the invention is positioned such that the electrodes protrude into the fuel vortex of the free jet. The spark position of the electrodes is preferably 1 mm to 15 mm away from the lateral surface of the fuel cone.

Der Kraftstoffwirbel, welcher zündfähiges Gemisch zwischen die Elektroden bringt, bildet sich an der Mantelfläche des Freistrahls ohne wirksamen Einfluss von der Brennraumbegrenzung aus, so dass die Brennraumform frei gestaltbar ist. Es liegt ein sogenanntes strahlgeführtes Brennverfahren vor, bei dem Wandeffekte der Innenwand des Zylinderkopfes oder etwa einer Kolbenmulde kaum Einfluss auf die Gemischbildung und die Zündung ausüben. Insbesondere im Schichtladungsbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine, wenn mit Kraftstoffeinspritzung während des Kompressionshubes gearbeitet wird und bei luftgefülltem Brennraum eine zentrale Kraftstoffwolke gebildet wird, kann so mit einer einfachen Brennraumgestaltung ein optimales Durchbrennen der Brennraumladung erreicht werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Gemischbildung ist darin zu sehen, dass die Zündkerze weiter als bisher vom Injektor entfernt angeordnet sein kann. Der Kraftstoffwirbel liegt lange stabil an derselben Stelle im Brennraum, wodurch die Zündung in einem weiten Zeitintervall unabhängig vom Einspritzpunkt erfolgen kann.The fuel vortex, which brings ignitable mixture between the electrodes, forms on the lateral surface of the free jet without effective influence of the combustion chamber boundary, so that the combustion chamber shape can be freely designed. There is a so-called beam-guided combustion process in which wall effects of the inner wall of the cylinder head or about a piston recess have little influence on the mixture formation and the ignition. In particular, in the stratified charge mode of the internal combustion engine, when working with fuel injection during the compression stroke and a central fuel cloud is formed at luftgefülltem combustion chamber, so optimal combustion of the combustion chamber charge can be achieved with a simple combustion chamber design. Another advantage of the mixture formation according to the invention is the fact that the spark plug can be located further away than previously removed from the injector. The fuel vortex is long stable at the same point in the combustion chamber, whereby the ignition can take place in a wide time interval regardless of the injection point.

Der Kraftstoff-Freistrahl wird vorzugsweise hohlkegelförmig in den Brennraum eingespritzt. Hierdurch bilden sich die Kraftstoffwirbel in einer besonders zum Gemischtransport zur Zündkerze geeigneten Form aus, insbesondere bei einer Einspritzung bei hohem Zylinderdruck in der Kompressionsphase während des Schichtladungsbetriebes. Besonders einfach ist der Kraftstoffkegel mit Hohlkegelform ausbild-bar, wenn der Injektor eine nach außen öffnende Einspritzdüse aufweist.The free jet of fuel is preferably injected in the form of a hollow cone in the combustion chamber. As a result, the fuel vortices form in a form which is particularly suitable for transporting the mixture to the spark plug, in particular during injection at high cylinder pressure in the compression phase during the stratified charge operation. The fuel cone with a hollow cone shape can be embodied in a particularly simple manner if the injector has an outwardly opening injection nozzle.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing.

Die einzige Zeichnungsfigur zeigt eine direkteinspritzende Otto-Brennkraftmaschine 1, in deren Zylinder 2 ein Kolben 3 längsbeweglich angeordnet ist und mit der Innenwand 15 eines auf den Zylinder 2 aufgesetzten Zylinderkopfes 5 einen Brennraum 4 begrenzt. Im Zylinderkopf 5 ist ein Kraftstoffinjektor 6 angeordnet, welcher zentral auf der Zylindermittelachse 14 liegend Kraftstoff auf den Kolben 3 gerichtet direkt in den Brennraum 4 einspritzt. Die zur inneren Gemischbildung erforderliche Verbrennungsluft wird durch einen Einlasskanal 13 dem Brennraum 4 zugeführt. Im Zylinderkopf 5 ist weiter eine Zündkerze 7 angeordnet, deren Elektroden 12 in den Brennraum 4 einragen, wobei zum Zündzeitpunkt ein Zündfunke zwischen den Elektroden 12 ausgelöst wird, welcher beim Überspringen zündfähiges Gemisch im Brennraum 4 durchschlägt.The single drawing figure shows a direct injection Otto internal combustion engine 1, in the cylinder 2, a piston 3 is arranged to be longitudinally movable and with the inner wall 15 of a cylinder head 2 mounted on the cylinder 5 a combustion chamber 4 limited. In the cylinder head 5, a fuel injector 6 is arranged, which centrally directed on the cylinder center axis 14 injects fuel directed to the piston 3 directly into the combustion chamber 4. The combustion air required for internal mixture formation is supplied to the combustion chamber 4 through an inlet channel 13. In the cylinder head 5, a spark plug 7 is further arranged, the electrodes 12 protrude into the combustion chamber 4, wherein at the ignition a spark between the electrodes 12 is triggered, which blows through ignitable mixture in the combustion chamber 4 when skipping.

Der Injektor 6 weist eine nach außen öffnende Einspritzdüse 11 auf, welche einen sich zum Kolben erweiternden, hohlkegelförmigen Kraftstoffstrahl erzeugt. Die Elektroden 12 der Zündkerze 7 liegen außerhalb der Mantelfläche 9 des von der Einspritzdüse 11 erzeugten Kraftstoffkegels 8 und werden so beim Einspritzvorgang nicht mit Kraftstoff benetzt.The injector 6 has an outwardly opening injection nozzle 11, which generates a hollow cone-shaped fuel jet that widens toward the piston. The electrodes 12 of the spark plug 7 are outside the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone 8 generated by the injection nozzle 11 and are thus not wetted with fuel during the injection process.

Der Injektor wird piezoelektrisch betätigt, wobei die Einspritzdüse 11 von einem Piezoelement schnell und präzise einstellbar freigegeben und geschlossen wird. Durch die entsprechende Wahl der Einspritzzeit und deren präzise Einhaltung während des Arbeitsspiels mittels der piezoelektrischen Betätigung des Injektors wird die Ausbildung der gewünschten Freistrahlform des Kraftstoffkegels gefördert.The injector is actuated piezoelectrically, wherein the injection nozzle 11 is released and closed by a piezoelectric element quickly and precisely adjustable. By the appropriate choice of the injection time and their precise compliance during the cycle by means of the piezoelectric actuation of the injector, the formation of the desired free-jet shape of the fuel cone is promoted.

Die Brennkraftmaschine arbeitet in weiten Kennfeldbereichen im Schichtladungsbetrieb, wobei der Kraftstoff während des Kompressionstaktes des Zylinders 2 eingespritzt wird. Aufgrund der späten Kraftstoffeinspritzung während des Arbeitsspiels entsteht eine geschichtete Brennraumladung mit örtlich unterschiedlichen Kraftstoffkonzentrationen, wobei sich außerhalb des Kraftstoffkegels 8 sehr mageres Gemisch bildet bzw. reine Luft befindet.The internal combustion engine operates in wide map areas in the stratified charge mode, wherein the fuel is injected during the compression stroke of the cylinder 2. Due to the late fuel injection during the working cycle creates a stratified combustion chamber charge with locally different fuel concentrations, outside of the fuel cone 8 forms very lean mixture or is pure air.

Um zündfähiges Gemisch zwischen die Elektroden 12 der Zündkerze 7 zu bringen, weist die Brennkraftmaschine eine derartige Brennraumkonfiguration auf, dass der Kraftstoffkegel 8 in einem von der Brennraumbegrenzung durch die Zylinderkopf-Innenwand 15 weitgehend unbeeinflussten Freistrahl eingespritzt wird. Die Mantelfläche 9 des Kraftstoffkegels 8 kann weit von der Innenwand 15 entfernt liegen, wobei sich an dem vom Wandeinfluss der Brennraumbegrenzung entkoppelten Freistrahl Kraftstoffwirbel 10 bilden, welche aus der Mantelfläche 9 herausragen. Der Öffnungswinkel α des Kraftstoffkegels 8 beträgt zwischen 70° und 100°, wobei sich die Kraftstoffwirbel 10 am Kegelrand besonders ausgeprägt ergeben.In order to bring ignitable mixture between the electrodes 12 of the spark plug 7, the internal combustion engine has such a combustion chamber configuration that the fuel cone 8 is injected in a free jet largely uninfluenced by the combustion chamber boundary through the cylinder head inner wall 15. The lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone 8 can be far away from the inner wall 15, with fuel vortices 10 forming on the free jet, decoupled from the wall influence of the combustion chamber boundary, which project from the lateral surface 9. The opening angle α of the fuel cone 8 is between 70 ° and 100 °, with the fuel vortices 10 appearing particularly pronounced at the edge of the cone.

Die Kraftstoffwirbel 10 entstehen aufgrund einer Luftströmung im Bereich der Mantelfläche 9 des Kraftstoffkegels durch vom Kraftstoffstrahl mitgerissene Luft, wobei dieser Strömung entgegengesetzt durch den entstehenden Unterdruck ebenfalls eine Luftströmung erzeugt wird. Die Kraftstoffwirbel 10 transportieren Kraftstoff in weit außerhalb des Kraftstoffkegels 8 liegende Brennraumbereiche und vermischen sich dort mit der Verbrennungsluft.The fuel vortices 10 arise due to an air flow in the region of the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone by air entrained by the fuel jet, wherein this flow is also generated by the resulting negative pressure an air flow. The fuel vortices 10 transport fuel in far out of the way Fuel cone 8 lying combustion chamber areas and mix there with the combustion air.

Die Zündkerze ist derart angeordnet, dass die Elektroden 12 in den Gemischwirbel 10 einragen. Auch im außerhalb des Kraftstoffkegels 8 liegenden Brennraumbereich, in dem sich die Elektroden 12 vor direkter Kraftstoffbenetzung geschützt befinden, kann so mit den bei Freistrahleinspritzung vorliegenden Kraftstoffwirbeln 10 zündfähiges Gemisch an der Zündkerze 7 bereitgestellt werden.The spark plug is arranged such that the electrodes 12 protrude into the mixture vortex 10. Even in the combustion chamber region outside the fuel cone 8, in which the electrodes 12 are protected against direct wetting of the fuel, an ignitable mixture can be provided at the spark plug 7 with the fuel vortices 10 present in free-jet injection.

Die Kraftstoffwirbel 10 bilden sich nahezu unabhängig von der Brennraumform aus und die Innenwand 15 des Zylinderkopfes 5 kann daher beliebig gestaltet werden. Der Einspritzfreistrahl ist hohlkegelförmig, wodurch ein hoher Anteil der gesamten Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge in der Mantelfläche 9 des Kegelstrahls 8 geführt wird und so von den Kraftstoffwirbeln 10 erfassbar ist. Der Zündzeitpunkt kann in einem weiten Bereich im wesentlichen unabhängig vom Einspritzzeitpunkt variiert und bedarfsweise eingestellt werden, da die Kraftstoffwirbel über einen längeren Zeitraum stabil im Brennraum ausgeprägt werden und etwa 50 KW nach dem Einspritzende noch Kraftstoff an der Zündkerze 7 vorliegt.The fuel vortices 10 are formed almost independently of the combustion chamber shape and the inner wall 15 of the cylinder head 5 can therefore be designed arbitrarily. The injection-free jet is hollow cone-shaped, whereby a high proportion of the total fuel injection quantity is guided in the lateral surface 9 of the conical jet 8 and is thus detectable by the fuel vortices 10. The ignition timing can be varied and adjusted as needed in a wide range substantially independent of the injection time, since the fuel vortices are pronounced stable over a longer period in the combustion chamber and about 50 KW after the end of injection still fuel is present at the spark plug 7.

Aufgrund der Stabilität der Kraftstoffwirbel 10 und des zur Zündung bereitstehenden langen Zeitraumes kann die Zündkerze 7 relativ weit vom Injektor 6 entfernt im Zylinderkopf angeordnet werden, wodurch sich die Brennraumkonfiguration und die konstruktive Gestaltung des Zylinderkopfes 5 wesentlich vereinfacht. Der Abstand der Funkenlage entsprechend der Anordnung der Elektroden 12 zur Einspritzdüse kann zwischen 7 mm und 30 mm betragen. Die Funkenlage ist dabei zwischen 1 mm bis 15 mm von der Mantelfläche 9 des Kraftstoffkegels 8 entfernt. Die Distanz der Elektroden 12 zum Kraftstoffkegel 8 wird entsprechend dem gewünschten Betriebsverhalten im jeweiligen Einsatzfall der direkteinspritzenden Otto-Brennkraftmaschine 1 gewählt.Due to the stability of the fuel vortices 10 and the long period available for ignition, the spark plug 7 can be arranged relatively far away from the injector 6 in the cylinder head, whereby the combustion chamber configuration and the structural design of the cylinder head 5 are considerably simplified. The distance of the spark position corresponding to the arrangement of the electrodes 12 to the injection nozzle may be between 7 mm and 30 mm. The spark location is between 1 mm to 15 mm away from the lateral surface 9 of the fuel cone 8. The distance of the electrodes 12 to the fuel cone 8 is selected according to the desired performance in the particular application of the direct-injection gasoline engine 1.

Claims (6)

  1. Direct-injection spark ignition engine with a combustion chamber (4), which in every cylinder (2) us bounded by a longitudinally displaceable piston (3) incorporating a piston depression and the internal wall (15) of a cylinder head (5), with
    - an injector (6), the injection nozzle (11) of which injects fuel into the combustion chamber (4) in a hollow cone shape with an opening angle of between 70° and 100° to form an ignitable fuel/air mixture with separately delivered combustion air, wherein
    - the mixture is ignited by a spark plug (7), the electrodes (12) of which lie outside of the outer surface (9) of the fuel cone (8) created by the injection nozzle (11), and
    - during stratified charge mode, the fuel can be introduced into the combustion chamber as a hollow cone if fuel in the form of a free jet unaffected by the combustion chamber boundary so that a fuel vortex (10) is formed from the outer surface (9) of the injected fuel jet as a peripheral vortex independently of the combustion chamber boundary and
    - the spark plug is disposed so that the electrodes (12) of the spark plug (7) project into the fuel vortex (10) created from the outer surface (9) of the resultant fuel cone (8) as the fuel is injected.
  2. Spark ignition engine as claimed in claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the spark position of the electrodes (12) is at a distance of between 1 mm and 15 mm from the outer surface (9) of the fuel cone (8).
  3. Spark ignition engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the injector (6) has an outwardly opening injection nozzle (11).
  4. Spark ignition engine as claimed in claim 3,
    characterised in that
    the spark position of the electrodes (12) is at a distance of 7 to 30 mm from the injection nozzle.
  5. Spark ignition engine as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that
    the injector (6) is piezoelectrically operated.
  6. Spark ignition engine as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that
    the internal combustion engine (1) can be operated within broad characteristic map ranges with stratified charging and fuel injection during the compression stroke.
EP00905069A 1999-03-12 2000-02-17 Internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection Expired - Lifetime EP1163435B1 (en)

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DE19911023A DE19911023C2 (en) 1999-03-12 1999-03-12 Direct-injection Otto engine
DE19911023 1999-03-12
PCT/EP2000/001298 WO2000055480A1 (en) 1999-03-12 2000-02-17 Internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection

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EP1163435A1 EP1163435A1 (en) 2001-12-19
EP1163435B1 true EP1163435B1 (en) 2005-09-21

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EP05005090A Expired - Lifetime EP1538317B1 (en) 1999-03-12 2000-03-10 Direct injected spark ignited internal combustion engine
EP00909349A Expired - Lifetime EP1161620B1 (en) 1999-03-12 2000-03-10 Direct injection, spark ignition internal combustion engine
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EP00926735A Expired - Lifetime EP1161621B1 (en) 1999-03-12 2000-03-10 Direct injection spark ignition engine

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JP2002539365A (en) 2002-11-19
DE50013004D1 (en) 2006-07-27
EP1161621B1 (en) 2004-04-28
EP1161620A1 (en) 2001-12-12
WO2000055480A1 (en) 2000-09-21
DE50011217D1 (en) 2005-11-10
WO2000055481A1 (en) 2000-09-21
EP1161621A1 (en) 2001-12-12
EP1538317A3 (en) 2005-08-03
DE19911023C2 (en) 2001-07-05
WO2000053906A1 (en) 2000-09-14
DE19911023A1 (en) 2000-09-21
DE50011216D1 (en) 2006-10-19
DE50006256D1 (en) 2004-06-09
EP1163435A1 (en) 2001-12-19
EP1538317B1 (en) 2006-06-14
US6575132B1 (en) 2003-06-10
EP1538317A2 (en) 2005-06-08
US6543408B1 (en) 2003-04-08
EP1161620B1 (en) 2005-09-21
US6748917B1 (en) 2004-06-15

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