EP1090895B1 - Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung - Google Patents
Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1090895B1 EP1090895B1 EP00121713A EP00121713A EP1090895B1 EP 1090895 B1 EP1090895 B1 EP 1090895B1 EP 00121713 A EP00121713 A EP 00121713A EP 00121713 A EP00121713 A EP 00121713A EP 1090895 B1 EP1090895 B1 EP 1090895B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- magnesium
- percentages
- graphite
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 polycyclic alkyl fluoride Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003249 vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- CUIWZLHUNCCYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decacyclene Chemical compound C12=C([C]34)C=CC=C4C=CC=C3C2=C2C(=C34)C=C[CH]C4=CC=CC3=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC3=CC=CC2=C31 CUIWZLHUNCCYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006894 reductive elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000186 toxicological potential Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pyrotechnic set for generating infrared radiation.
- Hot bodies such as pyrotechnic flames, preferentially emit visible light and infrared radiation.
- the radiation emission from bodies, including pyrotechnic combustion products, is described by Planck's law on radiation (Eq. 1). Accordingly, the total energy radiated by a body per unit area is proportional to the absolute temperature of the body. Furthermore, the emission maximum is also a function of the temperature.
- the functional relationship is described by the Wien displacement law (Eq. 2).
- a flame of at least> 1700 K is required so that a sufficient IR radiation density can be generated ( I 0.8-5 ⁇ m > 0.2 kW ⁇ sr -1 ⁇ s -1 ⁇ cm -2 ).
- pyrotechnic flames of this temperature generally only provide very little IR radiation.
- MTV-containing decoys (flares) against IR seekers is based on the one hand on the high educational warmth of the Magnesium fluoride and the high emissivity of the soot produced ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.85), which is almost black body-like due to thermal excitation Has radiation.
- the object of the invention is to propose a pyrotechnic sentence while maintaining the known spectral characteristics of MTV dummy targets has a significantly higher specific power.
- the increase in performance according to the invention serves to simplify production the ammunition. Now the same can be done with smaller amounts of pyrotechnics Performance can be achieved which increases the risk of fire and explosion at the Manufacturing reduced. Despite a reduction of the mixing batches by approx. 50% can continue to manufacture the same amount of sham targets with the same performance become.
- PAK environmental and human toxicological Visible alarming polyaromatic hydrocarbons
- the graphite precursor i.e. the Aromatic (anthracene or decacyclene) or the intercalation compound of Graphite does not contribute to the heat of reaction, but rather acts as endergonic additive, which lowers the flame temperature (see USP 5834680 column 3 lines 23-25, column 5 lines 18-21).
- graphite can be obtained by reducing poly (carbon monofluoride) (PMF) using high-energy halophilic fuels (e.g. beryllium, magnesium, calcium) can be generated.
- PMF is a tertiary polycyclic alkyl fluoride and already has a quasi-infinite one two-dimensional layer structure.
- high-energy halophilic fuels e.g. beryllium, magnesium, calcium
- kits made of poly (carbon monofluoride) ((-CF x -) n with a mass fraction of 10-85% halophilic energy fuels (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, zirconium / nickel alloy, zirconium / iron alloy , Hafnium, aluminum, boron, magnesium / aluminum alloy) with a mass fraction of 15-90% with a preferably fluorine-containing binder such as Fluorel FC 2175 TM with a mass fraction of 2.5-7.5%, and graphite with a mass fraction of 0.1 - 5%.
- halophilic energy fuels beryllium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, zirconium / nickel alloy, zirconium / iron alloy , Hafnium, aluminum, boron, magnesium / aluminum alloy
- a preferably fluorine-containing binder such as Fluorel FC 2175 TM with a mass fraction of 2.5-7.5%
- graphite with a mass fraction
- the preferred fuel is magnesium because it is very cheap has thermochemical properties (low melting and Enthalpy of vaporization, high melting point of the corresponding fluoride), easy to ignite, cheap and non-toxic (compare beryllium).
- Sets according to the invention contain magnesium in mass fractions between 30 and 70%, preferably between 40 and 70%.
- poly (carbon monofluoride) (-CF x - ) n with a molar fluorine fraction x ⁇ 1.0 with particle sizes ⁇ 50 ⁇ m is used, in mass fractions between 90 and 15%, but preferably in mass fractions between 70 and 30%.
- combustion is used as a binder fluorine-containing elastomers based on hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene difluoride copolymer for example Fluorel FC 2175 TM in mass proportions between 2.5 and 7.5% used.
- graphite powder with a specific resistance ⁇ 7 ⁇ 10-5 ⁇ ⁇ m -1 is used in mass fractions of 0.5 to 5%.
- magnesium fluoride and graphite are formed according to equation 3.
- the ideal stoichiometry Due to the lower fluorine content of PMF compared to PTFE, the ideal stoichiometry (see equation 3) is at a magnesium content ⁇ (Mg) of 0.29, compared to Teflon, where the ideal stoichiometry (see equation 1) is one Share ⁇ (Mg) of 0.32 is reached. Since the heat of formation of the PMF (-175 kJ ⁇ mol -1 ) is almost a fifth! As large as that of Teflon (-854 kJ ⁇ mol -1 ), the heat of reaction of the reaction of magnesium with PMF is therefore considerably higher than the heat of reaction for the magnesium / Teflon system.
- the specific performance ( E 2-3 ⁇ m and E 3-5 ⁇ m ) of the Mg / PMF / Viton sets is correspondingly high.
- the specific performance in the range of ⁇ (Mg)> 45 approaches the values for Mg / PTFE / Viton
- Mg / PMF / Viton has drastically higher values for mass throughput compared to Mg / PTFE / Viton sets.
- the radiance I ⁇ is therefore always 10 times higher in Mg / PMF / Viton sets than in comparable Mg / PTFE / Viton sets.
- Sentences produced according to the invention therefore deliver based on the Magnesium content a 10 times higher radiance than that previously known Mg / PTFE / Viton sets.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
| 1 | 2 | Quotient 1/2 | |
| Magnesium | 40 % | 40 % | |
| Poly-(kohlenstoffmonofluorid) | 55 % | -- | |
| Polytetrafluorethylen | -- | 55 % | |
| Viton | 05 % | 05 % | |
| Brennzeit [s] | 2,66 | 11,5 | 0,2 |
| E2-3µm [kJ·g-1·sr-1] | 0,170 | 0,100 | 1,7 |
| E3-5µm [kJ·g-1·sr-1] | 0,157 | 0,080 | 2,0 |
| Massendurchsatz [g·s-1·cm-2] | 3,003 | 0,700 | 4,3 |
| I2-3µm [kW·sr-1·cm-2] | 0,511 | 0,070 | 7,3 |
| I3-5µm [kW·sr-1·cm-2] | 0,472 | 0,056 | 8,4 |
Claims (5)
- Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Oxidationsmittel zwischen 10 - 85 % Poly-(kohlenstoffmonofluorid), als Brennstoff zwischen 15 - 90 % eines halophilen metallischen Brennstoffs aus der Gruppe der Metalle Magnesium, Aluminium, Titan, Zirconium, Hafnium, Calcium, Beryllium, Bor oder Mischungen bzw. Legierungen dieser Metalle, ein organischer fluorhaltiger Binder mit Massenanteilen zwischen 2,5 und 7,5 %, sowie Graphit mit einem Massenanteil von 0,1-5 % enthalten sind.
- Satz nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der metallische Brennstoff Magnesium ist und in Massenanteilen zwischen 40 - 70 % enthalten ist. - Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Poly-kohlenstoffmonofluorid (PMF) mit einem molaren Fluoranteil von 1,0 in Massenanteilen zwischen 80 und 20% eingesetzt wird. - Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Bindemittel fluorhaltige Elastomere auf Basis Hexafluorpropylen-Vinylidendifluorid-Copolymer in Massenanteilen zwischen 2,5 und 7,55 Enthalten sind. - Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Graphitpuiver mit einem spezifischen Widerstand < 7·10-5 Ω·m-1 in Massenanteilen von 0,5 bis 5 % eingesetzt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19964172 | 1999-10-09 | ||
| DE19964172A DE19964172B4 (de) | 1999-10-09 | 1999-10-09 | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1090895A1 EP1090895A1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
| EP1090895B1 true EP1090895B1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=7935246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00121713A Expired - Lifetime EP1090895B1 (de) | 1999-10-09 | 2000-10-05 | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1090895B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19964172B4 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL138858A (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10307639B3 (de) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-11-04 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Einrichtug zur in-situ-Beseitigung nicht umgesetzter Munition |
| DE10307627B3 (de) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-11-04 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| ES2220212B1 (es) * | 2003-05-19 | 2005-10-16 | Fabrica Nacional De La Marañosa | Bengala amplificadora de señal infrarroja para blancos aereos. |
| DE102004024857B4 (de) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-07-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz |
| DE102005003579B4 (de) * | 2005-01-26 | 2010-11-04 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| NL1029465C2 (nl) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-09 | Tno | Een pyrotechnische samenstelling. |
| ES2788527T3 (es) | 2015-02-18 | 2020-10-21 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Munición trazadora |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4094711A (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1978-06-13 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Tracer and composition |
| FR2609286B1 (fr) * | 1987-01-05 | 1989-03-17 | Atochem | Procede continu de preparation de polymonofluorure de carbone et appareillage pour sa mise en oeuvre |
| GB9120801D0 (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-03-08 | Secr Defence | Propelled pyrotechnic decoy flare |
| AU5243598A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-06-22 | Cordant Technologies, Inc. | Extrudable black body decoy flare compositions and methods of use |
-
1999
- 1999-10-09 DE DE19964172A patent/DE19964172B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-10-04 IL IL13885800A patent/IL138858A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-05 DE DE50001847T patent/DE50001847D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-05 EP EP00121713A patent/EP1090895B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50001847D1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
| IL138858A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
| EP1090895A1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
| DE19964172A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
| DE19964172B4 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
| IL138858A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
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