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EP1065460A1 - Kalzinierungsverfahren für Materialen auf Basis von Erzen - Google Patents

Kalzinierungsverfahren für Materialen auf Basis von Erzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1065460A1
EP1065460A1 EP00401749A EP00401749A EP1065460A1 EP 1065460 A1 EP1065460 A1 EP 1065460A1 EP 00401749 A EP00401749 A EP 00401749A EP 00401749 A EP00401749 A EP 00401749A EP 1065460 A1 EP1065460 A1 EP 1065460A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
fuel
injector
fluid
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00401749A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques c/o L'air Liquide Dugue
Thierry c/o L'air Liquide Borissoff
Ovidiu c/o L'air Liquide Marin
Ivan c/o L'air Liquide Milosavljevic
Dora Sophia c/o L'air Liquide Alves
Michel c/o L'air Liquide Viardot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1065460A1 publication Critical patent/EP1065460A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • F27B7/2025—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones
    • F27B7/2033—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones with means for precalcining the raw material

Definitions

  • Clinker is a product which is obtained by firing of a material based on ores and in particular clay and limestone.
  • the powdered material can be supplied to a rotary kiln, either in dry form (dry process) or in the form of a slurry water base (wet process).
  • the composition of the clinker is generally carefully controlled in order to obtain the desired proportions of different mineral materials and in particular calcium carbonate, silica, alumina, iron oxide and magnesium carbonate.
  • the precursor material for the manufacture of clinker first undergoes drying and heating. Then this material undergoes calcination in which the carbonates of the different minerals are converted to the oxide of these minerals by elimination of carbon.
  • the clinker manufacturing process has been implemented in the past in rotary ovens with typically diameters of 3 to 5 m, and lengths from 60 to 200 m.
  • Process improvements have been made by decarbonating or calcining a variable fraction of the flour raw in a process step preceding the rotary kiln, which allows the use of shorter and more efficient rotary ovens.
  • a such process step can take place in preheating towers ("suspension preheaters" in English), in "LEPOL” grids, or in flash calciners.
  • the degree of decarbonation of raw flour reached before to enter the rotary kiln is typically 10 to 45% for rounds of preheating and "LEPOL" grids, and 90 to 95% for calciners flash.
  • the energy required for decarbonation strongly endothermic is provided by introducing a fraction of fuel into the calcination zone.
  • precalcination devices can be the calcination chambers, or the devices called in English "riser duct".
  • One or more burners are arranged at the downstream end of the rotary oven to bring the heat energy necessary for operation of this oven.
  • the fumes produced by the downstream burners of the rotary kiln flow against the flow of the material in the installation and provide part of the heat energy necessary for the operation of the precalcination. An energy backup is ensured in this precalcination via one or more burners.
  • documents US-5,572,938 and US-5,580,237 concern the downstream burners of rotary kilns and propose to modify the injectors of these burners to introduce injection lances oxygen.
  • the solutions described in these documents allow, with good quality fuels, improve production yields and / or reduce the production of polluting substances.
  • Industrial waste such as waste water or solid waste, e.g. plastic or cardboard are poor quality fuels that can be used in the manufacture of clinker.
  • Clinker manufacturers are looking to increase their consumption of poor quality fuels given their very low costs, these manufacturers sometimes even being paid to incinerate industrial waste such as sewage.
  • the object of the invention is to solve these various problems by providing a method of calcining an ore-based material which allows, in particular, to manufacture clinker at reduced costs, in particular by using poor quality fuels, and limiting emissions polluting.
  • the invention relates to a method of calcining a mineral-based material through which the material is passed through a precalcination device provided with at least one fuel injector supplied with at least one fuel to form at the outlet of the injector of fuel a fuel injection area and supplied with oxidizer by combustion products from a rotary kiln located in downstream of the precalcination device in relation to the direction of flow of the material, then passing the at least partially calcined material in the rotary kiln fitted at its downstream end with a combustion assembly primary, characterized in that at least one fluid rich in oxygen near the fuel injection area, the fluid rich in oxygen having a higher oxygen volume concentration than that combustion products from the rotary kiln which pass through the device precalcination, so as to provide with the aid of the oxygen-rich fluid from 1% to 40%, preferably from 1% to 10%, of stoichiometric oxygen necessary for the combustion of the fuel injected by the injector combustible.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an installation 1 for producing clinker at from a material 2 based in particular on limestone and clay.
  • the precalcination device 3 can be, for example, a "LEPOL" grid and includes an upstream end 6 for introducing the material 2, heating means 7 or combustion assembly, and a downstream end 8 for discharging the precalcined material.
  • the rotary kiln 4 is inclined, with respect to the horizontal, towards the downstream from upstream to downstream. Its upstream end 10, which communicates with the downstream end 8 of the precalcination device 3, is therefore located at a level higher than that of its downstream end 11.
  • the installation 1 also comprises means 12 for rotating the rotary kiln 4 about its longitudinal axis.
  • the outlet chute 5 has an upstream end 13 which communicates with the downstream end 11 of the rotary kiln 4, and a downstream end 14 connected to devices not shown for further processing of the clinker product, including in particular a cooling device.
  • the outlet chute 5 is also provided with means 15 for heating or primary combustion assembly.
  • these heating means 15 include burners 16 of which only one is shown and will be described.
  • the burner 16 comprises an injector or nozzle 17 carried by a vertical wall 18 of the outlet chute 5, the vertical wall 18 being disposed opposite the downstream end 11 of the rotary kiln 4 as seen in figure 1.
  • the injector 17 extends parallel to the axis of the rotary kiln 4, from the wall 18 by entering the downstream end 11 of the rotary kiln 4.
  • the injector 17 has an interior passage 20 of section circular surrounded externally by an external passage 21 of section annular.
  • the injector 17 has an inlet 22 and an outlet 23.
  • Passage 20 is connected together, at the inlet 22 of the injector 17, to a source 24 of fuel and to a source 25 of transport fluid for this fuel.
  • the fuel is for example plastic shredded in particles whose dimensions can be greater than 5 or 10 mm, that is to say a fuel of poor quality.
  • the transport fluid is for example pressurized air.
  • the external passage 21 is connected, at the level of the entry 22 of the injector 17, by a pipe common to a source 26 of oxidizer, for example air, and to a source 27 of oxygen.
  • the oxygen purity of the source 27 is for example greater than 90%.
  • the means 7 for heating the precalcination device 3 include burners, two of which are represented and bear the references 28 and 29. Only these burners 28 and 29 and their environment will be described in the following.
  • the burners 28 and 29 each include an injector, 30 and 31 respectively.
  • the injectors 30 and 31 are carried by a wall vertical 32 of the precalcination device 3. This vertical wall 32 is disposed above the upstream end 10 of the rotary kiln 4 as shown see in Figure 1.
  • the injector 30 is arranged with its axis substantially horizontal and includes an inner passage 34 of circular section surrounded externally by an outer passage 35 of annular section.
  • the interior passage 34 is connected, at the entrance 36 of the injector 30, to a source 37 of fuel, for example natural gas which is a good quality fuel.
  • a source 37 of fuel for example natural gas which is a good quality fuel.
  • the external passage 35 is connected, at the level of the entry 36 of the injector 30, to a source 38 of oxidizer, for example air.
  • the injector 31 is disposed under the injector 30 and it is inclined in a vertical plane from bottom to top from its entry 41 towards its outlet 42, with an angle preferably less than 25 °.
  • This injector 31 comprises an interior passage 43 of circular section connected jointly, at the inlet 41 of the injector 31, to a source 44 of fuel and to a source 45 of transport fluid for this fuel.
  • the fuel from source 44 consists for example of waste water, and the transport fluid is for example air under pressure.
  • the heating means 7 also comprise a lance 47 for injecting oxygen which is also carried by the wall 32.
  • the lance 47 is located between the injectors 30 and 31 and its axis is horizontal. This lance 47 is placed near a part of the injector 30, and on the other hand the injector 31, so that the distance separating outlet 48 from lance 47 and outlet 42 from injector 31 is less than 50 times the diameter of the interior passage 49 of the lance 47.
  • passage 49 of the lance 47 is connected to the level from the inlet 50 of the lance 47 to a source 51 of oxygen.
  • the purity of the oxygen from the source 51 is for example greater than 90%.
  • the material 2 is introduced through the upstream end 6 of the device 3 of precalcination. Inside this device, the material 2, transported by a conveyor, is dried, heated and decarbonated thanks in particular to heating means 7 which partly bring in the heat energy necessary.
  • the material 2 flows through the downstream end 8 the precalcination device 3 and the upstream end 10 of the rotary kiln 4, then in the rotary kiln 4 in the form of a bed 54.
  • the heating means 15 the decarbonation or calcination of material 2 continues in the rotary kiln 4, then the material 2 calcined undergoes the clinkering reaction.
  • the material 2 transformed into a hot clinker is then discharged via the downstream end 14 of the chute 5 towards the other installation 1 including the cooling device.
  • the fuel from source 24 is jointly introduced into the passage interior 20 with pressurized air from the source 25.
  • a flow solid particles of plastic material is produced in the passage interior 20.
  • the fuel from source 24 is then sprayed under form of solid particles at the outlet 23 of the injector 17.
  • the air from source 26 is enriched with oxygen by source 27 then circulates in passage 21.
  • This oxygen-enriched air is ejected from the outlet 23 of injector 17 in the form of a vein surrounding externally the fuel from source 24 sprayed.
  • a flame 57 is then produced at the outlet of the burner 16.
  • the air from the source 26 enriched with oxygen supplies most of the oxidant necessary for the corresponding combustion.
  • This flame 57 is located above the bed 54 of the material 2, at the level of the downstream end 11 of the rotary kiln 4, as seen in FIG. 1.
  • the fumes produced by flame 57 circulate in the oven rotary 4 and in the precalcination device 3 against the current of the material 2, as shown diagrammatically by the arrow 58 in FIG. 1.
  • natural gas is ejected from the injector 30 into an injection zone 61 in the form of a jet of fuel surrounded by a stream of air from the source 38.
  • Wastewater from source 44 is introduced jointly with pressurized air from the source 45 in the passage 44 of the burner 29 to form a jet of sprayed wastewater in the form of fine droplets in an injection area 62.
  • the oxygen from the source 51 is introduced into the passage 49 and ejected from the injector 47 as a jet in an injection area 63 partially covering the injection zones 61 and 62.
  • Source 44 wastewater combustion efficiency is satisfactory due to the close injection of this wastewater and source oxygen 51.
  • this oxygen injection creates a hot spot at proximity to the wastewater injection area 62, which allows, by bringing wastewater quickly at its ignition temperature, stabilize combustion and therefore more easily manage the supply of heat energy in the precalcination device 3.
  • the lance 47 To promote more particularly the incineration of water worn, the lance 47 must be placed near the injector 31 in which wastewater is introduced, while to promote the reduction of quantity of unburnt, the oxygen injection lance 47 must be brought closer to the injector 30 into which the good quality fuel is introduced.
  • the dimensions can be reduced by 5 ⁇ m for the alite crystals and by 2 ⁇ m for the belite crystals by introducing approximately 7.6 Nm 3 of oxygen per tonne of clinker produced. It can also be seen that the free lime levels present in the clinker produced are reduced, by 1.7% on average with overoxygenation according to the process described against 2.9% without overoxygenation.
  • the cement produced from such a clinker exhibits higher short and medium term resistances.
  • the burner 16 is a conventional burner which it has it was not necessary to modify to superoxygenate the flame 57 which it produces.
  • the method described makes it possible to reduce the costs of manufacture of clinker, in particular by the use in relatively large quantities significant amounts of poor quality fuels, while respecting the heat exchange constraints in installation 1 and limiting the polluting emissions.
  • the inner passage 20 of the injector 17 is connected together with source 24 and a common outlet for 25 sources of transport air and 27 of oxygen.
  • the oxygen-enriched fluid and in particular the fuel transport fluid, can be enriched up to have a volume oxygen concentration of 30% or even 35%.
  • the injector 17 includes an oxygen injection lance 65 disposed inside the passage 20 which is now of annular section.
  • the lance 65 has an interior passage 66 of section circular which is connected, at the level of the inlet 22 of the injector 17, to the source of oxygen 27.
  • the passages 20 and 21 are respectively connected to the sources 24, 25 and 26.
  • This embodiment allows to create within the flame 57 a stable pilot flame which heats the fuel in the source 24 up to its ignition temperature.
  • FIG. 6 differs from that of Figure 5 by the fact that a tube 67 is arranged around the lance 65 for create a new passage 68 between passage 66 of the injection lance 65 oxygen and passage 20.
  • the passage 68, of annular section, is connected, at the level of inlet 22 of injector 17, to a source 70 of natural gas, which is a good quality fuel.
  • the passages 66 and 68 thus form an auxiliary burner 71 natural gas / oxygen within the burner 16.
  • the auxiliary burner 71 located radially inside the burner 16, produces a pilot flame with better characteristics than that of the embodiment of FIG. 5.
  • Figure 7 differs from that of Figure 6 by the fact that the auxiliary burner 71 is arranged radially outside the burner 16. Indeed, the passage 66, now of section annular, externally surrounds passage 21, while passage 68 externally surrounds passage 66.
  • the pilot flame produced by the burner 71 is then located radially outside the flame 57.
  • FIGS. 2 to 7 can be combined at the level of the heating means 15.
  • the oxygen flow rate must be between 2 and 20 Nm 3 / h per MW (megawatt) of theoretical power supplied by complete combustion of the fuel (s) injected by the heating means. .
  • This oxygen must be supplied by an oxygen-rich fluid, having an oxygen content higher than that of air, and injected into the fuel injection zone of the heating means 15.
  • This injection of oxygen-rich fluid can be done by through a fuel transport fluid injected by the heating means 15.
  • This fuel can be of good or poor quality and in fluid form, i.e. liquid and / or gaseous, or in solid form.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a second embodiment of the heating means 7, in which the lance 47 is arranged inside the injector 31, coaxial therewith, and is part of this injector 31 and therefore of the burner 29.
  • the passage 43 is then of annular section and the zone 62 oxygen injection system is located in the heart of the water injection zone 63 worn out.
  • the oxygen from the source 51 is then injected towards the zone 61 fuel injection with a convergence angle corresponding to the inclination relative to the horizontal of the lance 47, that is to say an angle less than 25 °.
  • This second embodiment makes it possible to limit the quantities of oxygen injected by the lance 47 due to the injection of this oxygen at the heart of wastewater.
  • This second embodiment is particularly intended for increasing the quantities of wastewater cremated.
  • an oxygen injection zone 63 surrounds the zone 61 fuel injection outlet of the injector 30, while an area 63 of oxygen injection is confused with a zone 62 of injection of fuel at the outlet of the injector 31.
  • the oxygen purity from sources 75 and 76 is, for example, greater than 90%.
  • the air source 38 has been replaced by a pipe 77 for withdrawing smoke or combustion products from from the rotary kiln 4.
  • This pipe 77 draws off this smoke from a region downstream of the precalcination device 3 to form, with the oxygen of the source 76, the fuel oxidizer from source 38.
  • the burner supplies 29 have not been shown on this figure 10.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the heating means 7 in which the burners 28, 29 and the lance 47 of the Figure 3 are replaced by a single burner 78 whose injector 79 is arranged with its horizontal axis.
  • the injector 79 carried by the wall 32, includes an inner passage 80 of circular section, surrounded externally by an intermediate passage 81 of annular section, itself externally surrounded by an external passage 82 of section annular.
  • the internal passage 80 is connected, at the entry 83 from the injector 79, to the source 37 of natural gas.
  • Passage 81 is connected, at entrance 83 of the injector 79 at the source 51 of oxygen and the passage 82 is connected to the entrance level 83, together with the source 44 of wastewater and the source 45 of spray air.
  • This fourth embodiment ensures good mixture of all fuels and oxidizers introduced into the injector 79 and limit the size of the heating means 7.
  • passages 80 and 81 form an auxiliary burner 84 natural gas / oxygen within the burner 78 to produce a pilot flame at the outlet of the injector 79.
  • Combustion products from the rotary kiln can supply 60 to 99% of the stoichiometric oxygen necessary for this combustion.
  • the oxygen-rich fluid can be obtained by mixing a part of the combustion products, whose volume concentration in oxygen is between 1 and 4%, with a fluid richer in oxygen, for example air, oxygen-enriched air and / or oxygen from purity greater than 88%.
  • the amount of oxygen-rich fluid introduced will be such that the adiabatic temperature of the flame 64 produced by the heating means 7 is greater than 1000 ° C. and preferably at 1250 ° C.
  • the burner 16 of the heating means 15 can only be supplied with fuel and non-oxygenated air or with a other oxidizer.
  • an over-oxygenation is ensured at the level of heating means 7 by injection of an oxygen-rich fluid at proximity to the fuel injection zones of the heating means 7.
  • This over-oxygenation can allow the limitation of unburned, including those from the heating means 15.
  • the method according to the invention can apply to materials treatment processes in which decarbonate an ore-based material.
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to the manufacture of lime or dolomite.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
EP00401749A 1999-07-02 2000-06-20 Kalzinierungsverfahren für Materialen auf Basis von Erzen Withdrawn EP1065460A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9908561A FR2795716B1 (fr) 1999-07-02 1999-07-02 Procede de calcination d'un materiau a base de minerai
FR9908561 1999-07-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1065460A1 true EP1065460A1 (de) 2001-01-03

Family

ID=9547647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00401749A Withdrawn EP1065460A1 (de) 1999-07-02 2000-06-20 Kalzinierungsverfahren für Materialen auf Basis von Erzen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6318278B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1065460A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2001046861A (de)
CN (1) CN1290846A (de)
CA (1) CA2312549A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2795716B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2927409A1 (fr) * 2008-02-11 2009-08-14 Air Liquide Procede de chauffage d'un cru mineral dans un four de cuisson de type four tunnel
EP2717007A1 (de) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-09 Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Verbrennung von sekundärem Brennstoff in einem Drehrohrofen
WO2014056804A1 (en) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-17 L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for improving the combustion of secondary fuel in a rotary kiln and process for retrofitting a rotary kiln with a burner assembly

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DE10317307B4 (de) † 2003-04-14 2007-11-15 Rheinkalk Gmbh Vorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Brennen von Kalkstein oder Dolomit
FR2863692B1 (fr) * 2003-12-16 2009-07-10 Air Liquide Procede de combustion etagee avec injection optimisee de l'oxydant primaire
US20060275724A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Joshi Mahendra L Dynamic burner reconfiguration and combustion system for process heaters and boilers
FR2889579B1 (fr) * 2005-08-03 2007-09-14 Air Liquide Procede de calcination d'un materiau a faible emission de nox
US7452203B2 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-11-18 Praxair Technology, Inc. Stratified staging in kilns
US8112216B2 (en) * 2009-01-07 2012-02-07 General Electric Company Late lean injection with adjustable air splits
CN102350271B (zh) * 2011-08-30 2013-07-24 中北大学 一种熔融结晶分离装置
EP3037765A1 (de) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-29 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Direkt befeuerte geneigte Gegenstrom-Drehöfen und Verwendung davon
JP6417221B2 (ja) * 2015-01-09 2018-10-31 太平洋セメント株式会社 セメント焼成装置及び可燃性廃棄物の処理方法
CN106996701A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2017-08-01 太平洋工程株式会社 水泥窑的运转方法
CN112880394B (zh) * 2021-01-27 2022-08-30 山东义科节能科技股份有限公司 一种利用含热值原料的陶粒烧制及副产余热的窑炉系统及方法
KR20230156017A (ko) * 2021-03-10 2023-11-13 다이헤이요 세멘토 가부시키가이샤 가연성 폐기물의 처리 방법
CN115451693B (zh) * 2022-09-19 2024-08-02 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 一种钒渣氧化焙烧回转窑及其使用方法

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US4187071A (en) * 1975-03-10 1980-02-05 Klockner-Humboldt=Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method for the treatment of finely grained material, particularly for the precalcining of cement
US4353750A (en) * 1980-08-01 1982-10-12 Bkmi Industrieanlagen Gmbh Method of firing carbonate-containing minerals
US4560412A (en) * 1983-04-02 1985-12-24 Krupp Polysius Ag White cement production
US5816795A (en) * 1996-05-24 1998-10-06 Cadence Environmental Energy, Inc. Apparatus and method for providing supplemental fuel to a preheater/precalciner kiln

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2927409A1 (fr) * 2008-02-11 2009-08-14 Air Liquide Procede de chauffage d'un cru mineral dans un four de cuisson de type four tunnel
WO2009101361A3 (fr) * 2008-02-11 2009-10-08 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede de chauffage d'un cru mineral dans un four de cuisson de type four tunnel
EP2717007A1 (de) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-09 Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Verbrennung von sekundärem Brennstoff in einem Drehrohrofen
WO2014056804A1 (en) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-17 L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for improving the combustion of secondary fuel in a rotary kiln and process for retrofitting a rotary kiln with a burner assembly
US10087104B2 (en) 2012-10-08 2018-10-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for improving the combustion of secondary fuel in a rotary kiln and process for retrofitting a rotary kiln with a burner assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1290846A (zh) 2001-04-11
FR2795716B1 (fr) 2001-08-03
JP2001046861A (ja) 2001-02-20
FR2795716A1 (fr) 2001-01-05
US6318278B1 (en) 2001-11-20
CA2312549A1 (en) 2001-01-02

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