EP1048760A1 - Production process of multisegmented filaments or fibres, and resulting filaments or fibres and textile surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is a method for producing multisegmented threads or fibers and / or composite structures, as well as threads or fibers obtained thereby and a textile surface. A method which is characterized in that it consists in passing the polymeric material or materials (1, 1 ') into a spinneret (2) under adapted rheological conditions, then this polymer or these polymers through filing or extrusion openings ( On, Om), which are separated from one another but arranged in one or more groups to form a set or sets of at least two filaments (3, 3 '), and then separate them from each other by adhesive contact each grouping (G) of the openings (On, Om) protruding elementary threads (3, 3 ') into one thread (4) with multisegmented cross-section per grouping with limited or non-existent phase melange and finally consolidating the resulting threads (4) and to stretch before their subsequent processing and / or treatment, in particular for the purpose of producing e.g. B. fibers, thread spools, cables or non-woven nonwovens can be fed directly. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention falls within the field of textile products and their Uses, especially in the field of woven, knitted or non-woven textile surfaces, and has as its subject Manufacturing process for a multi-segment thread or Multi-segment fiber, a thread or a fiber, which in this way be obtained, as well as one formed from such threads or fibers textile surface.

Numerous processes for the production of are already known multisegmented threads or fibers as well as non-woven textiles Surfaces that are subsequently retrofitted by an adapted separation technology Elementary threads of very weak titers can be traced. This multisegmented threads or fibers are currently in the form of Mono threads or mono fibers made by one or more polymers thermoplastic or dissolved in a specific solvent Materials by subdivided or fed with different polymers, each according to the segmentation and the desired elementary thread shapes configured spinneret openings are co-extruded.

However, this coextrusion technique brings a certain number of Limitations and disadvantages.

The separation of the multi-segment threads into elementary threads is common difficult to implement and requires devices that are substantial Develop separation forces, especially in the context of a mechanical Separation.

In addition, this separation is currently virtually impossible perform when the threads or fibers are made of filaments or fibers consist of the same polymer or chemically compatible Polymers are formed.

This difficulty in separating into filaments stems in particular from the different filaments among themselves forming phase melange, since their connection takes place while the constitutive polymers are still in the miscible state.

In addition, the one that can be produced with the help of the current technology Variety of forms and titers limited due to the required complexity of the feed circuits, the low boundary conditions of the filing and Extrusion of threads or fibers of fine titer, that of coextrusion and the Implementation difficulties due to physical impossibilities as well as the prohibitive cost of the necessary spinnerets.

Moreover, with the help of current technology, it is not possible complex outer forms with clear outlines, such as those of edges, To achieve serrations or the like, as the latter due to the rheological properties of the polymers in the melt state or in form flow away from solutions.

The present invention particularly aims at the aforementioned To remedy disadvantages.

For this purpose, it includes a process for the production of multisegmented threads or fibers and / or composite Structures, especially for textile surfaces, by extrusion or filing of thermoplastic polymers or polymer solutions is characterized in that it consists in the polymeric material or polymeric materials under adapted rheological conditions in a To pass spinneret, then this polymer or these polymers through Filtration or extrusion orifices to extrude separately but in a group or in several groupings are arranged to one To form a set or sets of at least two filaments, and then the various of each of them by adhesive contact Elementary threads that protrude from the opening into a thread multisegmented cross section per grouping with limited or unite existing phase melange, and finally the resulting Consolidate and stretch threads before following them Processing and / or treatment, in particular for the purpose of manufacture from Z. B. fibers, thread spools, cables or non-woven nonwovens on direct Be fed away.

The invention will be better understood thanks to the following Description relating to the preferred process methods which are given as an example and are not to be regarded as exclusive and explained with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings become.

Among these are Figures 1-6 top views of five Variants of the inventive spinneret plates;

Figure 7 is a partial sectional side elevation of one Part of the inventive spinneret, which is part of the manufacturing process according to the invention is used;

Figure 8 is a top view of the portion of Figure 7 shown spinneret and

Figure 9 is a partial sectional view in side elevation of a part the within the scope of the manufacturing process according to the invention after a Embodiments of the invention use spinnerets.

According to the invention, the method for producing multisegmented threads or fibers and / or composite structures, in particular for textile surfaces, is to pass the polymeric material or materials 1, 1 'into a spinneret 2 under adapted rheological conditions, then this polymer or to extrude these polymers through filing or extrusion openings O _n , O _m which are separated from one another but arranged in one or more groups G to form a set or sets of at least two filaments 3, 3 ', and then from them by adhesion contact different from each group G of the openings O _n O _m bulging filaments 3, 3 to unite 'in a thread 4 with multisegmentiertem cross section per group G with limited or non-existent phase blend, and consolidate finally, the resulting filaments 4 and stretch before their na following processing and / or treatment, in particular for the purpose of producing z. B. fibers, thread spools, cables or non-woven nonwovens can be fed directly.

In contrast to the co-extrusion technology of the current state of the art, in which the phases of the various components come into contact with each other in the filing opening that is single for each multisegmented thread or multisegmented fiber, while the phases are still miscible, extrusion takes place through independent nozzle outlets O _n , O _m and a contact of the components which protrude from these openings and form the various filaments 3, 3 'outside the nozzle outlets O _n , O _m , while skins 5, 5' have already formed which delimit the phases of the components mentioned , and the viscosities of these latter differ significantly from what they were in the area of the nozzle outlets O _n , O _m .

So you get a multi-segmented thread or one multisegmented fiber 4, the cohesion of an adhesive contact between the interface zones of the different components, which are still sufficiently plastic and adherent to make them sticky To create a surface bond, but at the same time sufficiently consolidated are in contact with each phase melange in the area Avoid surfaces clearly.

The between the different filaments or fibers 3, 3 ' existing binding forces will therefore be sufficient to ensure uniform Structure of the multisegmented threads or fibers 4 in the course of eventual to maintain later treatment or processing stages (the multisegment threads or fibers naturally have a higher resistance have taken as the different filaments separately), but nevertheless of limited intensity, so their later separation, above all by mechanical means.

The nozzle outlets O _n , O _m , which supply the filaments 3, 3 ', generally consist of mouthpieces with a simple opening (full-walled opening) which are not divided and not segmented, which facilitates the filing.

However, one or more of these nozzle outlets O _n , O _m, depending on the desired type of thread or fiber and the resulting textile surface, may have a segmentation or subdivision, in particular a subdivision into two compartments, e.g. B. for the production of two-lamellar fibers.

According to a first characteristic feature of the invention, which is shown in particular in Figures 7 and 9 of the accompanying drawings, the nozzle outlets O _n , O _{m of} an identical grouping G are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that the bead B _n or B _m made of polymer Material which is formed at the outlet of each nozzle outlet O _n , O _m during extrusion is in contact with at least one bead B _n or B _m which is at the outlet from at least one other nozzle outlet O _n , O _{m of} this same grouping G forms.

The formation and dimensions of the beads B _n , B _m , which form at the outlet of the nozzle outlets and from which the elementary shutters 3, 3 'are drawn by stretching, are determined by the shape and size of the nozzle outlets, by the type of polymer extruded or extruded polymers or polymer solution (s), as well as determined by the pressure, the speed and the rheological conditions of the extrusion and filing and the consolidation conditions.

These last parameters therefore also allow the Binding forces between the different filaments 3, 3 ' influence.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each nozzle outlet O _{n in} a grouping G of nozzle outlets O _n , O _m with round or clearly circular cross sections with at least one other nozzle outlet O _{m of} this same grouping G checks the following ratio (1): 0.5 x (D n + D m ) / 2 ≤ d ≤ 5 x (D n + D m ) / 2, where n is not equal to m, n varies from 1 to T and m varies from 1 to T, where T is the total number of nozzle outlets of the grouping G, D _{n is} the diameter of the nozzle outlet O _n , D _{m is} the diameter of the nozzle outlet O _m and d is the The distance between the points O _n 'and O _m ' is the closest to the outlines of the two nozzle outlets O _n and O _m concerned (see Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings).

Each nozzle outlet O _{n of} a group G of nozzle outlets O _n , O _m with at least one other nozzle outlet O _{m of the} same group G preferably checks the following ratio (2): 0.5 x (D n + D m ) / 2 ≤ d ≤ 2 x (D n + D m ) / 2,

However, the shape and dimensions of the cross sections and their arrangements in relation to the nozzle outlets O _n , O _{m of} one and the same grouping G can be determined on the basis of the dimensions, configuration and properties desired for the multisegmented thread and / or the resulting composite 4, the only condition to be checked is that each filament 3, 3 'comes into adhesive contact with at least one other filament 3', 3.

Thus, thanks to the invention, it is easily possible to achieve complex and tortuous outer shapes for the multi-segmented threads 4, using nozzle plates 2 which are provided with a nozzle outlet O _n , O _{m that is} simple and industrially easy to manufacture.

Likewise, because of the connection of the filaments 3, 3 'after formation of the outer skins 5, 5', the outline details of the various filaments or fibers 3, 3 'mentioned, which are associated with one another, become a thread or a fiber 4 with a complex cross-section to form, do not tend to flow away, but rather retain a clear definition that corresponds to the shape of the corresponding nozzle outlets O _n , O _m , which results in a clear cross-sectional shape of the thread or fiber 4 after cooling, even in the case of one Cross-section of very complex configuration.

According to another property of the invention, for the purpose of adapting the cohesive forces of the multisegmented thread 4, provision can also be made for the adhesive contact between at least two elementary threads 3, 3 'coming from adjacent nozzle outlets O _n , O _m and the same, in a continuous or interrupted manner Group G wells out, is unequal.

Thus, as shown in Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings, the shape of the bead B _n , B _m made of polymeric material that forms on exiting each of the nozzle openings O _n , O _m during extrusion can be formed on at least one of the nozzle outlets O _{n of} a group G in the area of its potential contact zone with the bead or beads B _m , which is or are formed when emerging from at least one adjacent nozzle opening O _{m of the} same grouping G, to change the adhesive contact between the two resulting To change or discontinue elementary threads 3, 3 '.

In order to carry out the aforementioned process, the formation of a gas strip or the use of a plate or a pointed tip can be provided between the relevant openings O _n and O _m .

The nozzle outlets O _n , O _{m of} one and the same grouping G can, of course, be fed either with the same polymeric material 1 or with at least two different polymeric materials 1, 1 ', depending on the desired properties and the type of resulting nonwoven web.

The present invention also relates, as shown in Figures 1 to 9 of the accompanying drawings, to a nozzle plate 2 for use in the manufacturing process described above, which is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of nozzle outlets O _n, O _m which are shown in Figs one or more groupings G are arranged, each nozzle outlet O _{n of} a group G of nozzle outlets O _n , O _m with preferably round or clearly drawn cross-sections with at least one other nozzle outlet O _{m of the} same grouping G having the above-mentioned ratio (1) or preferably checks the above ratio (2).

The manufacturing process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce one multisegmented thread or a multisegmented fiber to win the or which are formed from a plurality of filaments or fibers (3, 3 ') which with each other, at least two with two, by predetermined Binding forces through longitudinal adhesive contact in the area of their Skins (5, 5 ') without melange of the respective phases or with limited Phase melange are connected.

The ones shown in Figures 1-6 of the accompanying drawings Nozzle plate shapes allow it with the help of examples that are not considered only the possibilities of producing the multisegmented threads 4 by the inventive To represent manufacturing processes.

A three-lobed thread 4, with that of Figures 2A and 2B a thread 4 in the form of a band or film that can be sectioned lengthways with that of Figure 3 a thread 4 in the form of a daisy, with that of the Figure 4 is a thread in the form of a hollow tube, with that of the figure 5 a thread 4 of the two-lamellar type (in which the two Filaments 3 and 3 'of the same polymer or of two different polymers can be formed) and with that of Figure 6 a thread 4, in which two hollow tubes are different Diameter and consisting of filaments 3, 3 'of different titers cross, be made.

It will be noted that the structure of the nozzle plate 2 is the Figure 3 manufactured thread 4 it z. B. will allow filaments 3 'of a polymer that is difficult to extrude and / or process produce in which one is a central elementary thread 3 as The guide thread is made of an easily extrudable polymer is produced and can withstand the subsequent treatments without damage.

Finally, the present invention also relates to a textile fleece, in particular a nonwoven, directly produced nonwoven, the is characterized in that it is at least in part by the multisegmented manufacturing process described above Threads 4 is made.

According to a characteristic of the invention, this fleece is made according to the Manufacture advantageously subjected to at least one treatment which aims primarily through mechanical or hydraulic action that multisegmented threads 4 at least partially, preferably in total To split and separate filaments 3, 3 '.

To better illustrate the invention, the following are two exemplary embodiments, which are not exhaustive, are described:

Example 1:

A fleece of bisegmented continuous filaments with a surface mass of 110 g / m ² (NFG 38013) is produced by a process which is similar to that described in French Patent No. 7420254.

The configuration of the threads that compose the surface is based on a double-lamellar fiber made of 100% PES with a titer of 1.2 dTex before splitting (Figure 10: View of the cross section of these threads).

The related polymer (POLYESTER) has the following properties: substance Polyethylene terephthalate TiO ₂ 0.4% Melting point 256 ° C Viscosity in the molten state 210 Pa at 290 ° C Type and origin Type 20 from Hoechst

Filier extrusion conditions:

Drying takes place in dry air at a dew point of -40 ° C and a residence time of 3 hours at 170 ° C and the feeding of the Extruders take place in nitrogenous air.

The filleting unit is circular and provided with a nozzle plate, which consists of 240 groups of two 0.15 mm apart Capillaries (nozzle outlets) with a diameter of 0.2 mm and a height of 0.4 mm.

The melt extrusion temperature of the polymer is 295 ° C Filleting speed is around 4000 m / min and the performance per grouping is 0.5 g / mn (0.25 g / mn / capillary).

Consolidation-Binding:

The surface produced is subjected (four times) to hydraulic bonding under jets of 225 bar (twice per side) at a speed of 35 m / mn, using 130 micron spray nozzles. The initial 1.2 dTex threads are split into two identical 0.6 dTex pieces. Characteristic properties of the threads: Titre (DIN 53812) : 1.2 dTex strength : 27cN / Tex strain : 78% Characteristic features of the product: Dynamometry: burden SL 350 Algt SL 56% N / 5cm burden ST 300 Algae ST 62% N / 5cm Tensile strength (NFG07146) SL 35 N ST 55 N Decline (180 ° / 5 mn) SL -1.8% ST -2.1%

Example 2:

A nonwoven made of continuous filaments with a surface mass of 130 g / m ² is produced.

The configuration of the threads that compose the surface is based on a three-lobed distribution of three capillaries leading to belong to the same grouping (Figure 11: View of one Cross section of these threads). The three capillaries of one and the same Infeed nozzle are after the tips of an equilateral triangle with the Side length of 0.4 mm arranged. The diameter of a capillary is d = 0.25 mm, its height 2 d, the distance between 2 capillaries measures 0.15 mm.

The related polymer and extrusion / filling conditions are included identical to that of Example 1.

The performance per grouping is 0.66 g / mn (3 x 0.22 g) and the Filing / stretching speed is about 4500 m / min, which makes a Thread of 1.5 dTex is produced.

Consolidation - fixation:

The surface is subjected to double-sided needling with 200 perforations per cm ² using needles with the fineness of 40 RB which penetrate 12 mm.

Finishing - application:

The product is then impregnated with the aid of a styrene-butadiene resin with an application of 480 g / m ² , after which it is calendered (calibrated). The end product is intended for the reinforcement of shoes.

Although the invention has been described in more detail with respect to a hot extrusion of polymers in the molten state, it is also for dry fileting process applicable [solvent + polymer (s): extrusion with Evaporation of the solvent] as well as for wet filleting processes [Solvent + polymer (s) with nozzle outlet in the solution bath of the Solvent].

The invention is of course not based on the described and in the Implemented types shown in the accompanying drawings. Changes are possible, especially with regard to the nature of the different elements or by replacement with equivalent techniques, without leaving the area of invention protection.

Claims (14)

Process for the production of multisegmented threads or fibers and / or composite structures, in particular for textile surfaces, by extrusion or filing of thermoplastic polymers or polymer solutions, characterized in that it consists in submerging the polymeric material or the polymeric materials (1, 1 ') adapted rheological conditions in a spinneret (2), then to extrude this polymer or these polymers through filing or extrusion openings (O _n , O _m ) which are separated from one another but arranged in one or more groups (G) in order to form a set or several sets of at least two filaments (3, 3 '), and then the various filaments (3, 3') protruding from each group (G) of the openings (O _n , O _m ) by adhesive contact. ) in a thread (4) with multisegmented cross-section per grouping (G) with limited or non-existent phases to combine and finally consolidate and stretch the resulting threads (4) before they are processed and / or treated, in particular for the purpose of producing e.g. B. fibers, thread spools, cables or non-woven nonwovens can be fed directly. Manufacturing process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the filler openings (O _n , O _m ) of one and the same grouping (G) are arranged one below the other in such a way that the bead (B _n or B _m ) made of polymeric material which is located at the exit each of these nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) forms during extrusion, is in contact with at least one bead (B _n or B _m ) which is at the outlet from at least one other nozzle outlet (O _n , O _m ) of this same grouping (G) forms. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each nozzle outlet (O _n ) of a grouping (G) of nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) with round or clearly circular cross sections with at least one other nozzle outlet (O _m ) same group (G) checks the following ratio: 0.5 x (D n + D m ) / 2 ≤ d ≤ 5 x (D n + D m ) / 2, in which n is not equal to m, n varies from 1 to T and m varies from 1 to T, where T is the total number of nozzle outlets of the grouping (G), D _n the diameter of the nozzle outlet (O _n ), D _m the diameter of the Nozzle outlet (O _m ) and d is the distance between the points (O _n 'and O _m ') that are closest to the outlines of the two nozzle outlets in question (O _n and O _m ). Manufacturing method according to Claim 3, characterized in that each nozzle outlet (O _n ) of a group (G) of nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) with at least one other nozzle outlet (O _m ) of this same group (G) checks the following ratio: 0.5 x (D n + D m ) / 2 ≤ d ≤2 x (D n + D m ) / 2. Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shape and dimensions of the cross sections and their arrangements in relation to the nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) of one and the same grouping (G) by the dimensions, configuration and for the multi-segmented thread and / or the resulting composite 4 desired properties can be determined. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) of one and the same group (G) are fed with the same polymeric material (1). Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) of one and the same group (G) are fed with at least two different polymeric materials (1, 1 '). Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the contact of adhesion between at least two filaments (3, 3 ') which emerge from adjacent nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) of one and the same group (G) in a continuous or interrupted manner , turns out unequal. Manufacturing method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the shape of the bead (B _n , B _m ) made of polymeric material which forms when it emerges from each nozzle opening (O _n , O _m ) during extrusion, on at least one of the nozzle outlets (O _n ) a grouping (G) in the area of its potential contact zone with the bead or beads (B _m ), which is or are formed when emerging from at least one adjacent nozzle opening (O _m ) of the same grouping (G) to change or remove the adhesive contact between the two resulting filaments 3, 3 '. Nozzle plate for the application of the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) arranged in one or more groups (G), each nozzle outlet (O _n ) a grouping (G) of nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) with round or clearly circular cross sections, with at least one nozzle outlet (O _m ) of this same grouping (G) checks the following ratio: 0.5 x (D n + D m ) / 2 ≤ d ≤ 5 x (D n + D m ) / 2, in which n is not equal to m, n varies from 1 to T and m varies from 1 to T, where T is the total number of nozzle outlets of the grouping (G), D _n the diameter of the nozzle outlet (O _n ), D _m the diameter of the Nozzle outlet (O _m ) and d is the distance between the points (O _n 'and O _m ') that are closest to the outlines of the two nozzle outlets in question (O _n and O _m ). Nozzle plate according to claim 10, characterized in that each nozzle outlet (O _n ) of a grouping (G) of nozzle outlets (O _n , O _m ) with at least one other nozzle outlet (O _m ) of the same grouping (G) checks the following ratio: 0.5 x (D n + D m ) / 2 ≤ d ≤ 2x (D n + D m ) / 2. Multi-segment thread or multi-segment fiber, the or the by means of the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is obtained and formed from several filaments or fibers (3, 3 ') is that with each other, at least two with two, by longitudinal Adhesive contact in the area of their skins (5, 5 ') without melange of the respective Phases or with limited phase melange are connected. Textiles, especially non-woven fleece, thereby characterized in that it is made at least in part by the Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 multisegmented threads (4) is produced. Textiles, in particular nonwoven fleece according to claim 13, characterized in that after the production of at least one Undergoes treatment aimed primarily at physical or chemical effect, the multisegmented threads (4) at least partially, preferably entirely, into filaments (3, 3 ').

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