EP0909832A1 - Process for adjusting the composition of a metallic product - Google Patents
Process for adjusting the composition of a metallic product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0909832A1 EP0909832A1 EP97203241A EP97203241A EP0909832A1 EP 0909832 A1 EP0909832 A1 EP 0909832A1 EP 97203241 A EP97203241 A EP 97203241A EP 97203241 A EP97203241 A EP 97203241A EP 0909832 A1 EP0909832 A1 EP 0909832A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- strip
- composition
- sheet
- vacuum chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the composition of a metal product by the addition of at least one substance to this product.
- composition of a steel is always isotropic since the composition is carried out in the liquid phase of the metal. It is therefore impossible to produce "composite" steels at heart ductile and hard skin.
- the method proposed according to the invention provides a solution to these different problems.
- the composition steels after the solidification step allows working with standard compositions of very large volume at the steelworks, which allows to eliminate special casting and therefore to decrease strongly downgrading issues. It is even possible to produce very low tonnages of special steels.
- a method is proposed which allows the composition of steels or other metals after solidification.
- the crystallization of a very low carbon steel followed by its composition is possible. This way of proceeding allows an improvement in mechanical properties compared to the case where the crystallization is obtained in the final composition.
- the process according to the invention is characterized by the fact that we use a metallic product in the form a continuous strip which is moved into a vacuum chamber, that we apply the substance on this tape and we broadcast this substance at least partially in the strip at the time it goes into the vacuum chamber keeping it at a temperature lower than its melting temperature, but high enough to allow this broadcast.
- the strip is preheated before the incorporation of the aforementioned substance.
- the contribution of the aforementioned substance in the strip is produced by sputtering technique, by vacuum evaporation technique, by arc deposition, by decomposition of a gas carrying this substance in a plasma or by a combination of two or more of these techniques.
- the invention relates to a process allowing the modification of the chemical composition of a metal in the solid state according to which use is made of a metal product in the form of a continuous strip that the one moves to the parade in a vacuum chamber, in which prevails for example a total gas pressure of 10 -4 to 100 Torr and in which one optionally creates a plasma, facing one or both of its faces, so as to introducing into said strip, for example by bombardment and / or diffusion, a determined substance present in this chamber.
- This strip is heated and kept at a temperature high enough to allow at least the partial diffusion of this substance in the strip. This temperature is, however, lower than the melting temperature of the material from which the strip is made.
- the strip can, for example, be a strip of mild steel, stainless steel or aluminum.
- the strip is preferably maintained at a temperature of the order of 600 to 1200 ° C., while in the case of aluminum, this temperature is generally of the order of 200 ° to 600 ° C.
- we preheat advantageously the strip and the above-mentioned substance is incorporated before or after an annealing step by means of discharges formed by example by plasma.
- the attached figure shows an annealing installation in which the composition according to the invention can be carried out a metal strip, which is preferably made of a sheet of steel, moving substantially continuously through a vacuum chamber 2 of this installation in which the annealing by plasma discharges.
- the discharges are established between sheet 1, during its passage through a first zone 10 of this chamber 2, and a counter electrode 3 in such a way as to dissipate electrical power from the discharges in this sheet 1 and thus therefore to create the annealing.
- the plasma can be created in direct current, the sheet forming then the cathode, or alternating current.
- a counter electrode 3 extending into the vacuum or annealing chamber 2, facing the sheet 1, and having a surface directed towards the sheet, the surface of which is greater than that of the part of the sheet facing it, in order to maintain a negative self-polarization of the latter.
- the discharge can possibly be carried out in presence of magnetic induction fields thanks to the presence of lovers 5 near the sheet 1 and on the opposite side of it by compared to the counter electrode 3.
- the power densities dissipated per face on the steel sheet 1 are typically between 1 W / cm 2 and 500 W / cm 2 , while the running speeds of this sheet are generally between 1 m / min and 1500 m / min.
- the temperature rise takes place in the sheet metal area where power dissipation takes place, while the rate of rise in temperature depends on the adaptation of the power density used, line speed as well as the thickness of the sheet and its heat capacity.
- a temperature stabilization in the annealing cycle can, for example example, be obtained by providing in the vacuum chamber 2 a area where the sheet runs freely under reduced pressure. It is enough, by example, in such a case, to provide a compartment 6, somewhat isolated from zone 10, where warming takes place through the creation of plasma.
- a temperature stabilization in the annealing cycle.
- This can, for example example, be obtained by providing in the vacuum chamber 2 a area where the sheet runs freely under reduced pressure. It is enough, by example, in such a case, to provide a compartment 6, somewhat isolated from zone 10, where warming takes place through the creation of plasma.
- the losses thermal conduction in the gas are limited and losses by radiation can be returned to the sheet by means of reflectors or by additional radiant heating means, not shown.
- the contribution of the aforementioned substance can be obtained in zone 10 by any deposit system under vacuum indicated schematically by reference 8, such as by sputtering by ions from a target not shown or evaporation under vacuum, by arc deposition, or more generally by any PVD deposition technique ("physical vapor deposition"), or by PECVD ("plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition "), i.e. by decomposition of a gas carrier of the substance in question, which is, for example, injected into plasma, as shown schematically by arrows 9 on the figure.
- the injection of the substance can be carried out in the holding zone 6 of the temperature in which one can possibly create a discharge.
- the process according to the invention generally comprises a step of raising temperature obtained by the heat losses of the plasma 4 produced at the strip 1, a temperature maintenance step in compartment 6 where the strip 1 is arranged in an accordion.
- Example 1 Composition of a support for tinplate.
- the basic steel has the following composition: C: 0.035%; N: 0.0025%; Ti: 0%; Mn: 0.4%; B: 0%; Al: 0.04%.
- the strip width is 1000 mm and its thickness is 0.2 mm.
- the entry temperature of the heating zone 10 is 20 ° C. and that of entry from the zone 10 into the holding zone 6 is 800 ° C.
- the temperature rise is carried out by a plasma over a length of sheet metal of 7 m with a consumed power of 10 MW.
- a reactive mixture consisting of 90% nitrogen and 10% C 2 H 2 is injected into the discharge.
- the decomposed gas is then entrained towards the temperature maintenance zone 6.
- the total gas pressure is 0.02 Torr. After this step, constituting in fact a reactive annealing, the sheet is cooled and tinned.
- the average final carbon and nitrogen composition of the sheet thus cooled is 0.06%.
- Example 2 Composition of a boron steel.
- a sheet of ULCTi ("Ultra Low Carbon Carbon Ti”) steel 1 mm thick is used, the composition of which is as follows: C: 0.003%; N: 0.0025%; Ti: 0.06%; Mn: 0.15%; B: 0%; Al: 0.04%.
- This strip continuously enters the installation at a line speed of 200 m / min.
- the strip width is 1000 mm.
- Heating takes place over a strip length of 10 m and the applied power is 10 MW, so as to reach 800 ° C before entering compartment 6.
- a deposit of boron is carried out on the surface of the sheet beforehand annealing by vacuum evaporation at a rate of 0.04 g / m 2 of boron per side.
- the temperature holding zone corresponds to 200 m from length of the sheet.
- the final boron composition of the sheet at the outlet of the installation is 0.001% and that of the other elements has remained unchanged.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé pour la mise à composition d'un produit métallique par l'addition d'au moins une substance à ce produit.The present invention relates to a method for the composition of a metal product by the addition of at least one substance to this product.
Dans l'état actuel de la technologie sidérurgique, la mise à composition d'un acier au moyen d'une ou de plusieurs substances, est généralement réalisée en poche à l'aciérie, ce qui présente plusieurs inconvénients.In the current state of steel technology, the updating composition of a steel using one or more substances, is generally carried out in a steel mill pocket, which presents several disadvantages.
En effet, les volumes traités sont très importants, ce qui conduit à un certain manque de souplesse dans la mesure où certains produits nécessitent des coulées spéciales. Ceci est par exemple le cas pour des aciers au phosphore. Ces volumes conduisent aussi à des problèmes de flux souvent liés à des problèmes de déclassement des aciers.In fact, the volumes processed are very large, which leads to a certain lack of flexibility to the extent that some products require special castings. This is for example the case for phosphorus steels. These volumes also lead to flow problems often linked to problems of downgrading steels.
Par ailleurs, la composition d'un acier est toujours isotrope puisque la mise à composition est réalisée dans la phase liquide du métal. Il est donc impossible de réaliser des aciers "composites" à coeur ductile et peau dure.Furthermore, the composition of a steel is always isotropic since the composition is carried out in the liquid phase of the metal. It is therefore impossible to produce "composite" steels at heart ductile and hard skin.
De plus, la cristallisation et le développement de textures donnant lieu aux propriétés mécaniques optimales, telles que haute limite élastique, allongement élevé et emboutissabilité, est souvent difficile en présence de certains éléments, comme par exemple le carbone et le titane, qui pourraient être avantageusement introduits après l'étape de solidification du métal. In addition, the crystallization and development of textures giving rise to optimal mechanical properties, such as high elastic limit, high elongation and drawability, is often difficult in the presence of certain elements, such as the carbon and titanium, which could be advantageously introduced after the metal solidification step.
Le procédé proposé suivant l'invention apporte une solution à ces différents problèmes.The method proposed according to the invention provides a solution to these different problems.
Grâce au procédé suivant l'invention, la mise à composition des aciers après l'étape de solidification permet de travailler avec des compositions standards de très grand volume à l'aciérie, ce qui permet d'éliminer les coulées spéciales et, par conséquent, de diminuer fortement les problèmes de déclassement. Il est même possible de produire de très faibles tonnages d'aciers spéciaux.Thanks to the process according to the invention, the composition steels after the solidification step allows working with standard compositions of very large volume at the steelworks, which allows to eliminate special casting and therefore to decrease strongly downgrading issues. It is even possible to produce very low tonnages of special steels.
Il permet, en outre, de produire des aciers "composites" à gradient de composition entre la surface et le coeur. Il est ainsi, par exemple, possible de produire des aciers à peau dure et à coeur ductile.It also makes it possible to produce "composite" steels with composition gradient between the surface and the core. It is so, by example, possible to produce steels with hard skin and ductile core.
Suivant l'invention, on propose un procédé qui permet la mise à composition d'aciers ou d'autres métaux après solidification. Ainsi, la cristallisation d'un acier à très faible teneur en carbone suivie de sa mise à composition est possible. Cette manière de procéder permet une amélioration des propriétés mécaniques par rapport au cas où la cristallisation est obtenue à composition finale.According to the invention, a method is proposed which allows the composition of steels or other metals after solidification. Thus, the crystallization of a very low carbon steel followed by its composition is possible. This way of proceeding allows an improvement in mechanical properties compared to the case where the crystallization is obtained in the final composition.
Le procédé suivant l'invention est caractérisé par le fait que l'on fait usage d'un produit métallique se présentant sous forme d'une bande continue que l'on déplace dans une chambre sous vide, que l'on applique la substance sur cette bande et l'on fait diffuser cette substance au moins partiellement dans la bande au moment où elle passe dans la chambre sous vide en la maintenant à une température inférieure à sa température de fusion, mais suffisamment élevée pour permettre cette diffusion.The process according to the invention is characterized by the fact that we use a metallic product in the form a continuous strip which is moved into a vacuum chamber, that we apply the substance on this tape and we broadcast this substance at least partially in the strip at the time it goes into the vacuum chamber keeping it at a temperature lower than its melting temperature, but high enough to allow this broadcast.
Avantageusement, la bande est préchauffée avant l'incorporation de la substance précitée.Advantageously, the strip is preheated before the incorporation of the aforementioned substance.
Suivant une forme de réalisation particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, l'apport de la substance précitée dans la bande est réalisé par la technique de pulvérisation cathodique, par la technique d'évaporation sous vide, par dépôt par arc, par décomposition d'un gaz porteur de cette substance dans un plasma ou par une combinaison de deux ou plusieurs de ces techniques.According to a particularly embodiment advantageous of the invention, the contribution of the aforementioned substance in the strip is produced by sputtering technique, by vacuum evaporation technique, by arc deposition, by decomposition of a gas carrying this substance in a plasma or by a combination of two or more of these techniques.
D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, de quelques formes de réalisation particulières de l'invention avec référence à la figure annexée, qui est une représentation schématique d'une installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention. Dans cette description, les chiffres de référence se rapportent à cette figure.Other details and features of the invention will emerge of the description given below, by way of nonlimiting example, of some particular embodiments of the invention with reference to the appended figure, which is a schematic representation an installation for implementing the method according to the invention. In this description, the reference figures refer to this figure.
D'une façon générale, l'invention concerne un procédé permettant la modification de la composition chimique d'un métal à l'état solide suivant lequel on fait usage d'un produit métallique se présentant sous forme d'une bande continue que l'on déplace au défilé dans une chambre sous vide, dans laquelle règne par exemple une pression totale de gaz de 10-4 à 100 Torr et dans laquelle on crée éventuellement un plasma, en regard d'une ou de ses deux faces, de manière à introduire dans ladite bande, par exemple par bombardement et/ou diffusion, une substance déterminée, présente dans cette chambre. Cette bande est chauffée et maintenue à une température suffisamment élevée pour permettre au moins la diffusion partielle de cette substance dans la bande. Cette température est, toutefois, inférieure à la température de fusion de la matière dont est constituée la bande. Il peut, par exemple, s'agir d'une bande en acier doux, en acier inoxydable ou en aluminium. Ainsi, dans le cas d'acier doux ou d'acier inoxydable, la bande est maintenue de préférence à une température de l'ordre de 600 à 1200°C, tandis que s'il s'agit d'aluminium, cette température est généralement de l'ordre de 200° à 600°C. In general, the invention relates to a process allowing the modification of the chemical composition of a metal in the solid state according to which use is made of a metal product in the form of a continuous strip that the one moves to the parade in a vacuum chamber, in which prevails for example a total gas pressure of 10 -4 to 100 Torr and in which one optionally creates a plasma, facing one or both of its faces, so as to introducing into said strip, for example by bombardment and / or diffusion, a determined substance present in this chamber. This strip is heated and kept at a temperature high enough to allow at least the partial diffusion of this substance in the strip. This temperature is, however, lower than the melting temperature of the material from which the strip is made. It can, for example, be a strip of mild steel, stainless steel or aluminum. Thus, in the case of mild steel or stainless steel, the strip is preferably maintained at a temperature of the order of 600 to 1200 ° C., while in the case of aluminum, this temperature is generally of the order of 200 ° to 600 ° C.
Suivant l'invention, il faut en fait maintenir dans la chambre sous vide des conditions telles à permettre la diffusion de cette substance à partir de la surface de la bande vers le coeur de cette dernière et ainsi la mise à composition de celle-ci.According to the invention, it is actually necessary to keep in the room under vacuum conditions such as to allow the dissemination of this substance from the surface of the band to the heart of this last and thus the composition of it.
Pour permettre cette diffusion, on préchauffe avantageusement la bande et l'on incorpore la substance précitée avant ou après une étape de recuit au moyen de décharges formées par exemple par plasma.To allow this diffusion, we preheat advantageously the strip and the above-mentioned substance is incorporated before or after an annealing step by means of discharges formed by example by plasma.
La figure annexée représente une installation de recuit
dans laquelle peut être réalisée la mise à composition suivant l'invention
d'une bande métallique, qui est de préférence constituée d'une tôle
d'acier, se déplaçant d'une manière sensiblement continue à travers une
chambre sous vide 2 de cette installation dans laquelle on réalise le
recuit au moyen de décharges par plasma.The attached figure shows an annealing installation
in which the composition according to the invention can be carried out
a metal strip, which is preferably made of a sheet
of steel, moving substantially continuously through a
Les décharges sont établies entre la tôle 1, lors de son
passage à travers une première zone 10 de cette chambre 2, et une
contre-électrode 3, d'une manière telle à dissiper la puissance électrique
provenant des décharges dans cette tôle 1 et ainsi donc à créer le recuit.The discharges are established between sheet 1, during its
passage through a
Il s'agit, en fait, plus concrètement d'un procédé au cours duquel la tôle est bombardée par des ions en provenance d'un plasma 4 permettant un chauffage rapide et uniforme et, en même temps, un décapage de la surface de celle-ci.It is, in fact, more concretely a process during from which the sheet is bombarded with ions from a plasma 4 allowing rapid and uniform heating and, at the same time, pickling of the surface thereof.
Le plasma peut être créé en courant continu, la tôle formant alors la cathode, ou en courant alternatif.The plasma can be created in direct current, the sheet forming then the cathode, or alternating current.
Dans ce dernier cas, on fait usage d'une contre-électrode 3
s'étendant dans la chambre sous vide ou de recuit 2, en regard de la tôle
1, et présentant une surface dirigée vers la tôle, dont la superficie est
supérieure à celle de la partie de la tôle lui faisant face, afin de maintenir
une auto-polarisation négative de cette dernière. In the latter case, use is made of a
Comme dans le procédé classique de pulvérisation
cathodique magnétron, la décharge peut éventuellement être réalisée en
présence de champs d'induction magnétiques grâce à la présence
d'amants 5 à proximité de la tôle 1 et du côté opposé de celle-ci par
rapport à la contre-électrode 3.As in the conventional spraying process
cathodic magnetron, the discharge can possibly be carried out in
presence of magnetic induction fields thanks to the presence
of
Les densités de puissance dissipées par face sur la tôle d'acier 1 sont typiquement comprises entre 1 W/cm2 et 500 W/cm2, alors que les vitesses de défilement de cette tôle sont généralement comprises entre 1 m/min et 1500 m/min.The power densities dissipated per face on the steel sheet 1 are typically between 1 W / cm 2 and 500 W / cm 2 , while the running speeds of this sheet are generally between 1 m / min and 1500 m / min.
La montée en température a lieu dans la zone de la tôle où se fait la dissipation de puissance, tandis que la vitesse de montée en température dépend de l'adaptation de la densité de puissance utilisée, de la vitesse de ligne ainsi que de l'épaisseur de la tôle et de sa capacité calorifique.The temperature rise takes place in the sheet metal area where power dissipation takes place, while the rate of rise in temperature depends on the adaptation of the power density used, line speed as well as the thickness of the sheet and its heat capacity.
Dans certains cas, il peut être utile d'introduire un palier de
stabilisation en température dans le cycle de recuit. Ceci peut, par
exemple, être obtenu en prévoyant dans la chambre sous vide 2 une
zone où la tôle défile librement sous une pression réduite. Il suffit, par
exemple, dans un tel cas, de prévoir un compartiment 6, quelque peu
isolé de la zone 10, où a lieu le réchauffement par la création du plasma.
A cet égard, il y a lieu de noter qu'à pression réduite les pertes
thermiques par conduction dans le gaz sont limitées et les pertes par
radiation peuvent être restituées à la tôle au moyen de réflecteurs ou par
des moyens de chauffage d'appoint radiants, non représentés.In some cases, it may be useful to introduce a
temperature stabilization in the annealing cycle. This can, for example
example, be obtained by providing in the vacuum chamber 2 a
area where the sheet runs freely under reduced pressure. It is enough, by
example, in such a case, to provide a
Dans d'autres cas encore, il peut être utile de refroidir la
tôle 1 dans la chambre sous vide 2, donc sous pression réduite, par
exemple en faisant passer la tôle sur des cylindres de refroidissement 7.In still other cases, it may be useful to cool the
sheet 1 in the
Suivant l'invention, l'apport de la substance précitée peut
être obtenu dans la zone 10 par n'importe quel système de dépôt sous
vide indiqué schématiquement par la référence 8, tel que par
pulvérisation cathodique (sputtering) par des ions en provenance d'une
cible non représentée ou évaporation sous vide, par dépôt par arc, ou
plus généralement par une technique quelconque de dépôt PVD
("physical vapor deposition"),ou encore par PECVD ("plasma enhanced
chemical vapor deposition") c'est-à-dire par décomposition d'un gaz
porteur de la substance en question, qui est, par exemple, injecté dans
le plasma, comme montré schématiquement par les flèches 9 sur la
figure.According to the invention, the contribution of the aforementioned substance can
be obtained in
Dans une autre configuration de l'invention, l'injection de la
substance peut être réalisée dans la zone de maintien 6 de la
température dans laquelle on peut éventuellement créer une décharge.In another configuration of the invention, the injection of the
substance can be carried out in the
Comme il résulte déjà de ce qui précède, le procédé
suivant l'invention comprend en général une étape de montée de
température obtenue par les pertes thermiques du plasma 4 réalisé à la
bande 1, une étape de maintien à température dans le compartiment 6
où la bande 1 est disposée en accordéon.As already follows from the above, the process
according to the invention generally comprises a step of raising
temperature obtained by the heat losses of the plasma 4 produced at the
strip 1, a temperature maintenance step in
Il s'est avéré, suivant l'invention, que c'est dans cette zone
d'accumulation ou compartiment 6 qu'a lieu la diffusion de la substance,
formant le ou les éléments d'addition à la composition de la bande, qui
s'est fixée sur la surface de cette dernière, à partir de cette surface vers
le coeur ou noyau de la bande. Ceci explique donc la possibilité de
formation d'une bande métallique 1 à peau dure et à coeur ductile.It turned out, according to the invention, that it is in this area
accumulation or
Il est, toutefois, également possible d'obtenir une bande
métallique dans laquelle la substance ou l'élément d'addition se répartit
d'une manière homogêne à travers toute son épaisseur. Il suffit
d'adapter la température et le temps de maintien de cette température
dans le compartiment 6. It is, however, also possible to obtain a band
metallic in which the substance or element of addition is distributed
homogeneously across its entire thickness. It is enough
to adapt the temperature and the time to maintain this temperature
in
Par ailleurs, il est également possible de revêtir la bande
dans la compartiment 6 ou dans un compartiment particulier subséquent
avant le refroidissement de la bande par un film de finition ou de
protection par des techniques connues en soi.In addition, it is also possible to coat the strip
in
Ci-après, sont donnés deux exemples pratiques permettant d'illustrer davantage le procédé suivant l'invention appliqué dans une installation du type de celle représentée à la figure annexée.Below are given two practical examples allowing to further illustrate the process according to the invention applied in a installation of the type shown in the appended figure.
Il s'agit plus particulièrement de la mise à composition en
carbone et en azote d'une tôle d'acier destinée à être étamée. L'acier de
base a la composition suivante :
C : 0,035 % ; N : 0,0025 % ; Ti : 0 %; Mn : 0,4 % ; B : 0 % ; Al : 0,04 %.It is more particularly a question of carbon and nitrogen composition of a steel sheet intended to be tinned. The basic steel has the following composition:
C: 0.035%; N: 0.0025%; Ti: 0%; Mn: 0.4%; B: 0%; Al: 0.04%.
L'acier entre en continu dans l'installation à une vitesse de
ligne de 600 m/min. La largeur de bande est de 1000 mm et son
épaisseur est de 0,2 mm. La température d'entrée de la zone de chauffe
10 est de 20°C et celle d'entrée à partir de la zone 10 dans la zone de
maintien 6 est de 800°C. La montée en température est réalisée par un
plasma sur une longueur de tôle de 7 m avec une puissance consommée
de 10 MW. On injecte un mélange réactif constitué de 90 % d'azote et de
10 % de C2H2 dans la décharge. Le gaz décomposé est alors entraíné
vers la zone de maintien en température 6. La pression totale de gaz est
de 0,02 Torr. Après cette étape, constituant en fait un recuit réactif, la
tôle est refroidie et étamée. La composition finale moyenne en carbone
et en azote de la tôle ainsi refroidie est de 0,06 %.Steel enters the installation continuously at a line speed of 600 m / min. The strip width is 1000 mm and its thickness is 0.2 mm. The entry temperature of the
On fait usage d'une tôle en un acier ULCTi ("Ultra Low
Carbone Ti") de 1 mm d'épaisseur, dont la composition est la suivante :
C : 0,003 % ; N : 0,0025 % ; Ti : 0,06 % ; Mn : 0,15 % ; B : 0 % ;
Al : 0,04 %. A sheet of ULCTi ("Ultra Low Carbon Carbon Ti") steel 1 mm thick is used, the composition of which is as follows:
C: 0.003%; N: 0.0025%; Ti: 0.06%; Mn: 0.15%; B: 0%; Al: 0.04%.
Cette bande entre en continu dans l'installation à une vitesse de ligne de 200 m/min. La largeur de bande est de 1000 mm.This strip continuously enters the installation at a line speed of 200 m / min. The strip width is 1000 mm.
Le chauffage a lieu sur une longueur de bande de 10 m et
la puissance appliquée est de 10 MW, de manière à atteindre 800°C
avant d'entrer dans le compartiment 6. Un dépôt du bore est réalisé sur
la surface de la tôle préalablement au recuit par évaporation sous vide à
raison de 0,04 g/m2 de bore par face.Heating takes place over a strip length of 10 m and the applied power is 10 MW, so as to reach 800 ° C before entering
La zone de maintien à température correspond à 200 m de longueur de la tôle.The temperature holding zone corresponds to 200 m from length of the sheet.
La composition finale en bore de la tôle à la sortie de l'installation est de 0,001 % et celle des autres éléments est restée inchangée.The final boron composition of the sheet at the outlet of the installation is 0.001% and that of the other elements has remained unchanged.
Il est bien entendu que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus, mais que de nombreuses variantes peuvent être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, notamment en ce qui concerne les conditions de recuit et de diffusion d'une substance d'addition destinée à la mise à composition de la bande métallique.It is understood that the invention is not limited to embodiments described above, but that many variants can be considered without departing from the scope of this invention, in particular with regard to the conditions of annealing and diffusion of an addition substance intended for the composition of the metal strip.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97203241A EP0909832A1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1997-10-17 | Process for adjusting the composition of a metallic product |
| JP2000517123A JP4050461B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Combined hardening of metal products |
| ES98948630T ES2210827T5 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | METHOD FOR THE REALIZATION OF A COMPOSITE METAL PRODUCT. |
| PT98948630T PT1025275E (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE METAL PRODUCT |
| PCT/BE1998/000154 WO1999020808A1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method for making a composite metal product |
| EP98948630A EP1025275B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method for making a composite metal product |
| DK98948630.3T DK1025275T4 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method of performing a composition of a metal product |
| US09/529,604 US6361628B1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method for making a composite metal product |
| DE69819552T DE69819552T3 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE COMPOSITION OF A METALLIC PRODUCT |
| AT98948630T ATE253650T1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE COMPOSITION OF A METALLIC PRODUCT |
| AU95248/98A AU9524898A (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method for making a composite metal product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97203241A EP0909832A1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1997-10-17 | Process for adjusting the composition of a metallic product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0909832A1 true EP0909832A1 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
Family
ID=8228838
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97203241A Withdrawn EP0909832A1 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1997-10-17 | Process for adjusting the composition of a metallic product |
| EP98948630A Expired - Lifetime EP1025275B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method for making a composite metal product |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98948630A Expired - Lifetime EP1025275B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1998-10-16 | Method for making a composite metal product |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6361628B1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0909832A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4050461B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE253650T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU9524898A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69819552T3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1025275T4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2210827T5 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1025275E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999020808A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010001223A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | Eaton Corporation | Continuous production system for magnetic processing of metals and alloys to tailor next generation materials |
| JP5942886B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2016-06-29 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Nitriding equipment and nitriding method for grain-oriented electrical steel sheet |
| JP5942884B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2016-06-29 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Nitriding equipment and nitriding method for grain-oriented electrical steel sheet |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008969A1 (en) * | 1968-05-21 | 1970-01-30 | Centre Nat Rech Metall | |
| JPS56169768A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Boriding method for aluminum |
| EP0340077A1 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-11-02 | Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise (Irsid) | Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of metallic materials |
| EP0640692A1 (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 1995-03-01 | SPS Technologies, Inc. | Magnetic strips and methods for making the same |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3804679A (en) * | 1968-05-21 | 1974-04-16 | Cockerill | Method of coating steel products |
| DE3583212D1 (en) † | 1984-11-08 | 1991-07-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING A METAL STRIP IN A CONTINUOUS FURNACE. |
| US4872926A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-10-10 | American Air Liquide | Process for heat treating metals or metal alloys in a thermal plasma |
| US5232789A (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1993-08-03 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Muenchen Gmbh | Structural component with a protective coating having a nickel or cobalt basis and method for making such a coating |
| JPH03177560A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-08-01 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of sheet-like material having electric insulating property |
| DE4211167A1 (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-07 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | Method and device for the continuous thermal surface treatment of rod or strand-shaped materials with a metallic surface |
| FR2704239B1 (en) † | 1993-04-23 | 1995-07-13 | Ugine Sa | Method for enriching an alloy element with a magnetic steel sheet. |
| JP3177560B2 (en) | 1994-03-31 | 2001-06-18 | 富士機工株式会社 | Seat reclining device |
| JP3014603B2 (en) † | 1994-11-29 | 2000-02-28 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Continuous plasma processing equipment for metal strip |
| DE19527515C1 (en) † | 1995-07-27 | 1996-11-28 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Corrosion-resistant steel sheet prodn., e.g. for the automobile industry |
| BE1010913A3 (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1999-03-02 | Cockerill Rech & Dev | Annealing process substrate metal in parade. |
| FR2765684B1 (en) † | 1997-07-04 | 1999-08-20 | Lorraine Laminage | CHECKING THE SEALING OF RADIANT TUBES IN INDUSTRIAL OVENS |
-
1997
- 1997-10-17 EP EP97203241A patent/EP0909832A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-16 PT PT98948630T patent/PT1025275E/en unknown
- 1998-10-16 EP EP98948630A patent/EP1025275B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-16 DK DK98948630.3T patent/DK1025275T4/en active
- 1998-10-16 AU AU95248/98A patent/AU9524898A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-16 DE DE69819552T patent/DE69819552T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-16 WO PCT/BE1998/000154 patent/WO1999020808A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-16 ES ES98948630T patent/ES2210827T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-16 US US09/529,604 patent/US6361628B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-16 AT AT98948630T patent/ATE253650T1/en active
- 1998-10-16 JP JP2000517123A patent/JP4050461B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008969A1 (en) * | 1968-05-21 | 1970-01-30 | Centre Nat Rech Metall | |
| JPS56169768A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Boriding method for aluminum |
| EP0340077A1 (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-11-02 | Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise (Irsid) | Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of metallic materials |
| EP0640692A1 (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 1995-03-01 | SPS Technologies, Inc. | Magnetic strips and methods for making the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 057 (C - 098) 14 April 1982 (1982-04-14) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT1025275E (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| WO1999020808A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
| DE69819552D1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
| JP4050461B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| AU9524898A (en) | 1999-05-10 |
| ATE253650T1 (en) | 2003-11-15 |
| ES2210827T3 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
| DE69819552T3 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| EP1025275A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
| DK1025275T4 (en) | 2011-03-21 |
| US6361628B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
| DE69819552T2 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| EP1025275B1 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
| ES2210827T5 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
| JP2001520319A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
| DK1025275T3 (en) | 2004-03-15 |
| EP1025275B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| FR2481632A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ARTICLES COATED WITH EXTREMELY HARD MATERIAL | |
| EP1335810B1 (en) | High-speed laser cutting method with adapted gas | |
| EP1972699A1 (en) | Method of coating a substrate under vacuum | |
| FR2493348A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF HARD COATING PRODUCTS, IN PARTICULAR FOR TOOLS | |
| FR2575763A1 (en) | HARDENING OF A METAL SURFACE BY FORMING CARBIDE | |
| WO2018172859A1 (en) | Surface treatment method and product thereof | |
| CA2715174C (en) | Method for coating a metal strip and equipment for implementing said method | |
| EP1025275B1 (en) | Method for making a composite metal product | |
| EP0425336B1 (en) | Coating made of a chromium-nitrogen alloy for confering good tribological properties to a substrate and process for its manufacture | |
| BE1010913A3 (en) | Annealing process substrate metal in parade. | |
| FR2686599A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SILICON NITRIDE ARTICLE COATED WITH A DIAMOND FILM OR SIMILAR MATERIAL | |
| FR2698885A1 (en) | Surface hardening of metal substrates - by coating with dispersion of ceramic particles and exposing to concentrated energy beam | |
| EP0780486B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for coating a substrate | |
| FR2767081A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR HEATING A LIQUID METAL IN A CONTINUOUS CASTING DISTRIBUTOR USING A PLASMA TORCH, AND DISTRIBUTOR FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME | |
| BE1009317A6 (en) | Device and installation for coating a steel strip | |
| FR2590594A1 (en) | Mechanical element bearing an antiwear ceramic coating and its manufacture | |
| EP1527208A2 (en) | Method for coating the surface of metallic material, device for carrying out said method | |
| EP0885980B1 (en) | Process for forming a superficial layer having a high hardness by plasma-free thermochemical treatment | |
| CA2675271C (en) | Method for coating a substrate, equipment for implementing said method and metal supply device for such equipment | |
| EP0710732B1 (en) | Method for hot-dip coating without alloying a low interstitial steel plate | |
| BE1010720A3 (en) | Method and device for the continuous coating of a substrate in movement by means of a metal alloy in vapour phase | |
| CH627791A5 (en) | Process for covering the surface of an electrically conductive article, plant for making use of the process and application of the process | |
| WO1996035822A1 (en) | Device and plant for coating a steel band | |
| LU88041A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS CASTING OF EXTRUDED METAL PARTS | |
| FR2771756A1 (en) | Vacuum vapor deposition of chromium-iron alloy from a single molten alloy source |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI |
|
| AKX | Designation fees paid | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8566 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19991024 |