EP0990711B1 - Bearbeitung von mittels thermischen Spritzens zu beschichtender Oberflächen - Google Patents
Bearbeitung von mittels thermischen Spritzens zu beschichtender Oberflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0990711B1 EP0990711B1 EP99117877A EP99117877A EP0990711B1 EP 0990711 B1 EP0990711 B1 EP 0990711B1 EP 99117877 A EP99117877 A EP 99117877A EP 99117877 A EP99117877 A EP 99117877A EP 0990711 B1 EP0990711 B1 EP 0990711B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blasting
- substrate surface
- carbon dioxide
- process according
- solid state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010283 detonation spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing a surface of a substrate in connection with the coating of the substrate surface with a spray layer by means of a thermal spray process, the substrate surface at a pretreatment before coating the substrate surface with the spray layer is roughened, and a device for processing a surface of a substrate in connection with the coating of the substrate surface a spray layer by means of a thermal spray process comprising means for Pretreatment of the substrate surface by roughening before coating the Substrate surface with the spray layer, the means for pretreatment a Blasting machine with accelerating means to accelerate the blasting medium on the Substrate surface included.
- Thermal spraying includes processes in which spray additives are inside or melted, melted or melted outside of spray equipment and prepared Surfaces are hurled. The surfaces are not melted.
- Thermal spraying for coating surfaces is known as a process variant autogenous flame spraying or high speed flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying and laser spraying.
- thermal spraying is, for example, the European standard Can be found in EN 657.
- Thermal spray processes are essentially characterized in that they enable evenly applied coatings.
- Coatings can be applied by varying the spray materials can be adapted to different requirements.
- the spray materials can be processed in the form of wires, rods or powder. With thermal In addition, thermal post-treatment can be provided for spraying.
- the above-mentioned preparation of the surface to be coated Substrate prior to thermal spraying involves roughening the substrate surface.
- this roughening is done by blasting before thermal Spraying with blasting media accomplished.
- blasting agents are usually used Corundum or blasted gravel used.
- By roughening the substrate surface "Activated". This becomes the stapling - the main mechanism of liability between Layer and substrate material - made possible.
- Roughening can also be achieved by rough turning or rough grinding. However, a relatively high error rate occurs, which is why the rough turning or rough grinding is only used in borderline cases.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which is a particularly favorable pretreatment of the substrate surface.
- the ones listed above should be included Disadvantages are avoided or reduced as far as possible.
- the abrasive should be disposed of be simplified and also versatile in use sensitive and critical substrates
- This object is achieved for the method in that the pretreatment a blasting of the substrate surface to be coated by means of a Includes abrasive which contains one or more fluids hardened by cold contains a solid physical state.
- the object is achieved for the device in that the Device means for blasting a blasting agent onto the substrate surface to be coated comprising one or more fluids hardened by cryogenic in contains solid state, and wherein the means for pretreating the Part of a system for coating the substrate surface with a spray layer by means of a thermal spray process.
- the fluids solidified by means of cold can operate under normal conditions are in gaseous or liquid state.
- the abrasives can, for example, from solidified carbon dioxide (dry ice) or consist of water ice.
- dry ice solidified carbon dioxide
- the speed and size of the blasting media can achieve the desired abrasiveness and be set.
- the choice of Parameters depending on the material used for the abrasive based on its general Expertise, possibly also in connection with the implementation of appropriate obvious attempts.
- the material of the Substrates influence the choice of parameters. It should be noted that the roughness for high-energy spraying processes such as high-speed flame spraying, plasma spraying or cold gas spraying does not have to be as high as in the low-energy spraying process.
- the abrasive contains carbon dioxide in a solid state. Due to its physical properties, solidified carbon dioxide in particular offers significant advantages when used as an abrasive for the pretreatment of surfaces to be coated: carbon dioxide in a solid state (dry ice) has a temperature of around -78 ° C. When heated, carbon dioxide sublimes. When carbon dioxide is sublimated, an explosive increase in volume occurs by a factor of around 600, which effectively supports the treatment. Processing with carbon dioxide in a solid state is residue-free, since the sublimed gaseous carbon dioxide can escape without problems. Blasting agent preparation or blasting agent disposal is therefore not necessary. Solid carbon dioxide is advantageously used in the form of grated CO 2 blocks of grated ice and / or preferably CO 2 pellets.
- the blasting is carried out in a fixed manner by means of blasting media Physical state immediately before coating by thermal spraying.
- the abrasive fulfills a double function: on the one hand, it serves as Blasting media for the production of roughness and on the other hand as a coolant for the Cooling the substrate surface. It is even possible that the substrate surface cooled to a predetermined temperature by blasting with blasting media becomes.
- the cooling of the substrate surface can be accomplished in that the desired cooling is achieved directly by blasting with solid carbon dioxide. But it is also possible that the cold of the sublimed gaseous carbon dioxide is used for further cooling.
- the additional cooling by the sublimed gaseous carbon dioxide can thereby be increased that aids are coupled to the blasting system, which a Prevent the sublimated gaseous carbon dioxide from being drawn off quickly and an uncontrolled escape of the possibly still cold gaseous Prevent carbon dioxide.
- aids can include a tunnel, contain a shaft, a rotary tube or the like.
- the blasting according to the invention by means of blasting agents in a solid state of aggregation for roughening the substrate surface can take on a further function in addition to or instead of cooling: namely, the blasting can also have a roughening function. Clean the surface of the substrate. CO 2 pellets are particularly suitable here.
- the spray layer is compacted again.
- the quality of the spray layer can be markedly improved.
- Abrasives are used.
- steel balls are used for this.
- Abrasives are used that contain one or more fluids hardened by cold contained in a solid state.
- the blasting media for the Redensification of the substrate surface carbon dioxide in a solid state include.
- the device for processing the substrate surface can in addition to the means for Blasting for pretreatment means for cooling, cleaning and / or post-compaction have the substrate surface.
- the means of blasting for the Pretreatment can be different or preferably the same as the agents for blasting for the re-densification of the substrate surface.
- the carbon dioxide has a solid state of matter an average size of 10 microns to 10 mm, preferably from 50 microns to 5 mm and particularly preferably from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
- the blasting systems work according to the pressure blasting or suction blasting method.
- the blasting system can comprise a centrifugal wheel system, a pressure blasting system or an inline pelletizer.
- a pressure jet system the solid CO 2 jet particles are generally metered into a gas stream from a storage container, conveyed with the gas stream to a jet nozzle and passed through the jet nozzle onto the castings to be treated.
- the blasting nozzle is usually installed in a blasting gun.
- jet nozzle is to be understood in a broader sense, so that this also includes, for example, an open tube.
- CO 2 pellets are generated on site and accelerated onto the substrate surface to be treated.
- the invention has the additional advantages of environmental friendliness and good Can be integrated into automated processes.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Description
- Übersicht und Einführung in das "Thermische Spritzen", Peter Heinrich, Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft, 52/1982, Seiten 29 bis 37.
- Thermisches Spritzen - Fakten und Stand der Technik, Peter Heinnch, Jahrbuch Oberflächentechnik 1992, Band 48, 1991, Seiten 304 bis 327. Metall-Verlag GmbH,
- oder aus dem Firmenprospekt der LINDE AG, Werksgruppe Technische Gase, "LINSPRAY" - Thermisches Spritzen Dosiertes Kühlen mit CO2", Publikationsnummer 8542/1, Druckauflage 04/92,
- aus "Praktische Erfahrungen mit der Kühlung beim thermischen Spritzen", S. Werner, P. Heinrich, W. Schmidtke und R. Schüfer, DVS-Berichte Band 152, 1993, Seiten 45 bis 46,
Claims (16)
- Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Substrates im Zusammenhang mit dem Beschichten der Substratoberfläche mit einer Spritzschicht mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens, wobei die Substratoberfläche bei einer Vorbehandlung vor dem Beschichten der Substratoberfläche mit der Spritzschicht aufgerauht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorbehandlung ein Strahlen der zu beschichtenden Substratoberfläche mittels eines Strahlmittels umfaßt, welches ein oder mehrere mittels Kälte verfestigter Fluide in festem Aggregatzustand enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strahlmittel Kohlendioxid in festem Aggregatzustand enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß festes Kohlendioxid in Form von CO2-Pellets und/oder CO2-Blockeisraspelkorn eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strahlen mittels Strahlmitteln in festem Aggregatzustand unmittelbar vor dem Beschichten durch thermisches Spritzen erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch das Strahlen mittels Strahlmitteln in festem Aggregatzustand eine Kühlung der Substratoberfläche bewirkt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Substratoberfläche durch das Strahlen mittels Strahlmitteln auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur abgekühlt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sublimiertes gasförmiges Kohlendioxid zur Kühlung der Substratoberfläche eingesetzt wird
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch das Strahlen mittels Strahlmitteln in festem Aggregatzustand eine Reinigung der Substratoberfläche bewirkt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Beschichten der Oberfläche des Substrates mit einer Spritzschicht mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens durch Strahlen mittels Strahlmitteln ein Nachverdichten der Spritzschicht erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strahlmittel zum Nachverdichten der Spritzschicht Kohlendioxid in festem Aggregatzustand, insbesondere CO2-Pellets enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das feste Kohlendioxid eine mittlere Größe von 10 µm bis 10 mm, vorzugsweise von 50 µm bis 5 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 1,5 mm bis 2,5 mm aufweist.
- Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Substrates im Zusammenhang mit dem Beschichten der Substratoberfläche mit einer Spritzschicht mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens umfassend Mittel zur Vorbehandlung der Substratoberfläche durch Aufrauhen vor dem Beschichten der Substratoberfläche mit der Spritzschicht, wobei die Mittel zur Vorbehandlung eine Strahlanlage mit Beschleunigungsmitteln zur Beschleunigung der Strahlmittel auf die Substratoberfläche enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung Mittel zum Strahlen eines Strahlmittels auf die zu beschichtende Substratoberfläche umfaßt, welches ein oder mehrere mittels Kälte verfestigter Fluide in festem Aggregatzustand enthält, und wobei die Mittel zur Vorbehandlung der Substratoberfläche Teil einer Anlage zum Beschichten der Substratoberfläche mit einer Spritzschicht mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung Mittel zum Strahlen von Kohlendioxid in festem Aggregatzustand als Strahlmittel aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung Mittel zum Kühlen, zum Reinigen und/oder zum Nachverdichten der Substratoberfläche aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlanlage eine Schleuderradanlage, eine Druckstrahlanlage oder einen Inline-Pelletierer umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an die Strahlanlage Hilfsmittel zur Verhinderung eines ungewollt raschen Abziehens des sublimierten gasförmigen Kohlendioxids angekoppelt sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19844668A DE19844668A1 (de) | 1998-09-29 | 1998-09-29 | Bearbeitung von mittels thermischen Spritzens zu beschichtender Oberflächen |
| DE19844668 | 1998-09-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0990711A1 EP0990711A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 |
| EP0990711B1 true EP0990711B1 (de) | 2003-07-09 |
Family
ID=7882667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99117877A Expired - Lifetime EP0990711B1 (de) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-10 | Bearbeitung von mittels thermischen Spritzens zu beschichtender Oberflächen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0990711B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE244775T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19844668A1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL335533A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004056179A1 (de) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-24 | Borgwarner Inc. Powertrain Technical Center, Auburn Hills | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verdichtergehäuses |
| EP1898003A1 (de) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-12 | SBZ Schörling-Brock Zweiwegetechnik GmbH | Verfahren zum sicheren und schnellen Entfernen von Verschmutzungsschichten vorzugsweise auf Tunnelwänden und -böden |
| DE102006045666A1 (de) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-03 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Oberflächenbeschichtungen auf Bauteilen |
| FR2912072A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-08 | Hmrexpert Soc Par Actions Simp | Procede de refroidissement et de nettoyage de revetement en cours de depot par projection thermique |
| DE102013107400B4 (de) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-08-10 | Ks Huayu Alutech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Entfernung des Oversprays eines thermischen Spritzbrenners |
| DE102022106559A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-21 | Muyo Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vorbehandlung eines bauteils vor einem beschichtungsprozess |
| DE102023109598A1 (de) * | 2023-04-17 | 2024-10-17 | Muyo Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur vorbehandlung eines bauteils vor einem beschichtungsprozess und vorbehandeltes bauteil |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58165962A (ja) * | 1982-03-24 | 1983-10-01 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 氷粒ブラスト方法 |
| DE3738246A1 (de) * | 1987-11-11 | 1989-05-24 | Werner & Zeisse Gmbh & Co | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entfernen von beschichtungen und verunreinigungen |
| JPH0646451B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-11 | 1994-06-15 | 大陽酸素株式会社 | 磁気ディスク基板の加工方法 |
| FR2627121B1 (fr) * | 1988-02-12 | 1994-07-01 | Carboxyque Francaise | Procede, installation et buse de projection pour le traitement de pieges par soufflage de grenaille |
| JPH0250947A (ja) * | 1988-08-11 | 1990-02-20 | Yamada Kinzoku Boshoku Kk | 溶射被膜の封孔処理法 |
| DE3844290C1 (de) * | 1988-12-30 | 1989-12-21 | Uranit Gmbh, 5170 Juelich, De | |
| AU4302893A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-12-30 | Ice Blast International Ltd. | Particle blasting utilizing crystalline ice |
| WO1997020961A1 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-12 | Black Ice Golf Company, L.L.C. | Method for coating a golf club striking surface |
| DE19636305C1 (de) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-12 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entfernung von Beschichtungen oder Belägen von Oberflächen |
| DE19639437A1 (de) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-04-02 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Behandlung von metallischen Oberflächen in einem Relais |
| AU3335297A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-01-04 | GEVI Gesellschaft fur Entwicklung und Vertrieb Industrieller Zerstorungsfreier Und Umweltfreundlicher Verfahrenstechgenniken Zur Innensanierung Von Rohrleitungen mbH | Method for cleaning pipes using dry ice |
-
1998
- 1998-09-29 DE DE19844668A patent/DE19844668A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-09-10 DE DE59906246T patent/DE59906246D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-10 AT AT99117877T patent/ATE244775T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-10 EP EP99117877A patent/EP0990711B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-22 PL PL99335533A patent/PL335533A1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59906246D1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
| ATE244775T1 (de) | 2003-07-15 |
| EP0990711A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 |
| DE19844668A1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
| PL335533A1 (en) | 2000-04-10 |
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