EP0894551B1 - Method or making a component out of a tube of cold workable material, in particular metal - Google Patents
Method or making a component out of a tube of cold workable material, in particular metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0894551B1 EP0894551B1 EP98111580A EP98111580A EP0894551B1 EP 0894551 B1 EP0894551 B1 EP 0894551B1 EP 98111580 A EP98111580 A EP 98111580A EP 98111580 A EP98111580 A EP 98111580A EP 0894551 B1 EP0894551 B1 EP 0894551B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- shaped parts
- shaft
- component
- cams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D15/00—Corrugating tubes
- B21D15/04—Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically
- B21D15/10—Corrugating tubes transversely, e.g. helically by applying fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the claims 1 to 3.
- EP 0 621 091 describes a method for producing a known a tube-made, bow-like component for a motor vehicle, in which one pre-bent to match the later temple shape tubular blank between corresponding die parts in one Component with a polygonal cross-section is pre-formed by the Die forming still unfinished shape by applying an internal pressure in the component that remains in the die into the desired, dimensionally stable final shape becomes.
- a generic manufacturing method for a tubular component is also included due to cross-shaped shapes given different cross-sections known from US 4,840,053 for the manufacture of a pipe distributor, e.g. B. one Intake manifold or exhaust manifold, being weakened to avoid Wall thicknesses in the formations formed by hydroforming in their transition areas into the pipe prior to the internal pressure molding Dents are pre-molded using a molding tool Hydroforming for sufficient material flow from the Use tube to achieve suitable wall thicknesses for the molding.
- DE-C 44 27 201 discloses a variant of this manufacturing process with pre-forming caused by hydroforming of a cam, the final shape of which is followed by a round hammer is completed to achieve a more uniform through material stretching Wall thickness.
- a molding of cams and bearing as well as achieved by plastic forming Connecting sections using round hammers in a tube of one the cam dimensions marked manufacturing process for an internal combustion engine camshaft also shows and describes the German one Publication DE-A 35 28 464, the requirement of a counter-holding tool for shaping the cams with constant wall thicknesses Using round hammers, the production is complex and therefore expensive.
- German patent application DE-A 34 39 973 discloses Manufacturing process for a camshaft with a combined forming process Round hammers of the bearing and connection sections and hydroforming to form the cams, being more uniform to achieve Wall thicknesses of the cams selected a tube of such an initial diameter will that with the pre-forming of the bearing and connecting sections an advantageous material distribution is achieved for the following by round hammers Internal pressure molding of the cams, this method in particular through an alternating procedure which has a favorable effect on the material distribution is time consuming.
- the object of the invention is the generic manufacturing process to improve so that for a wave-like component in its final shape in the at least the output wall pieces of the pipe are ensured in later operation of highly stressed component areas.
- a preforming of the Pipe is at least in the area of the configurations by means of a rolling process and / or achieved by means of a buckling process. At least the respective configurations of the shaft-like component are with a subsequent hydroforming process into the final shape.
- the manufacturing method according to the invention is preferably used for manufacturing a camshaft, a power or work machine with cams as partial Designs and bearing and connecting sections as rotationally symmetrical Configurations. Open up other uses for hollow profile shafts such as a gear shaft or a drive shaft, also for steering parts such as racks and crossbars, finally for flywheels with molded mass carriers etc.
- the advantage of the invention is that with the Processes known per se for plastic pre-molding by means of Pre-forming of functional sections or functional elements of a wave-shaped Component in a tube blank for the subsequent, tool-bound Final shaping by means of hydroforming in the stressed areas of the formations at least the initial wall thickness of the tube blank given and thus an advantageous process-reliable forming is achieved.
- a tube blank is assumed whose diameter or radius is preferably a maximum of Distance between the longitudinal axis of the semi-finished product and that opposite the cam tip
- the outer contour is one in the area of the largest dimension Cam is.
- This tube blank is used to form the functional elements Cam, connecting section and bearing section between diametrically arranged Rolls with the respective circumference adapted to the respective half-circumference of the pipe Profile shapes supplied for pre-forming all configurations of the Camshaft.
- This pre-forming of the tube according to the invention over all aforementioned configurations of the camshaft by means of longitudinal profile rollers can either be done in sections with subsequent angular rotation to achieve this the applicable angular positions of the individual cams or it will be all configurations of a camshaft in one plane by longitudinal profile rollers formed. Multiple passes possible using different calibers an exact pre-forming.
- the respective camshaft after this pre-forming inserted into an appropriate molding tool and by means of a hydroforming process, preferably hydraulically, into the Formed final shape.
- the individual camshafts are formed Cam by twisting the camshaft in the respective connecting sections brought into the corresponding angular positions.
- Tribologically claimed Configurations or functional elements finally become one subjected to corresponding, known surface treatment.
- Camshaft can also be achieved by means of cross profile rolling, for which purpose cross rolling between tool elements rotating in the same direction and convexly curved or a cross rolling with a fixed, concavely curved and a rotating, convexly curved tool part or a cross rolling with translatory flat jaw tools moved against each other individually or in combination is used.
- the positions to be processed can be done one after the other or processed together with an appropriate tool.
- a camshaft by a combined forming Buckling and hydroforming in one case is from a pipe with a diameter corresponding, for example, to a bearing section assumed and the area of the cam by means of a radially outward Knuckle belly pre-formed to achieve the final Form of the configuration or the cam preferably a hydraulic internal high pressure forming in a mold.
- a diameter is preferably assumed for the tube blank, which is larger than the diameter of a bearing section.
- the bearing section is caused by the inward buckling pre-formed and brought into the final shape by means of hydroforming.
- the cams are from the non-deformed areas to the final shape brought.
- Both buckled processes can also be used to manufacture a camshaft combined use, where appropriate, local heating for initiation one and / or another buckling is selected.
- the respective tube can also be heated, in some cases using the rolling method or whole.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the claims 1 to 3.
Aus der EP 0 621 091 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem Rohr gefertigten, bügelartigen Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt, wobei ein der späteren Bügelgestalt entsprechend vorgebogener rohrförmiger Rohling zwischen korrespondierenden Gesenkteilen in ein Bauteil mit einem polygonen Querschnitt vor-umgeformt wird, dessen durch die Gesenkumformung noch unfertige Gestalt mittels Aufbringen eines Innendruckes in dem im Gesenk verbliebenen Bauteil in die gewünschte, maßhaltige Endform umgeformt wird.EP 0 621 091 describes a method for producing a known a tube-made, bow-like component for a motor vehicle, in which one pre-bent to match the later temple shape tubular blank between corresponding die parts in one Component with a polygonal cross-section is pre-formed by the Die forming still unfinished shape by applying an internal pressure in the component that remains in the die into the desired, dimensionally stable final shape becomes.
Aus der US 5,070,717 ist in Verfahren zur Herstetlung eines bügelförmigen Bauteils aus einem Rohrrohling bekannt. In einem ersten Fertigungsschritt wird der Rohrrohling zwischen zwei Gesenkteile eingebracht. Durch Zusammenfahren der beiden Gesenkteile wird der Rohrrohling vorgeformt. In einem weiteren Fertigungsschritt wird im Innern des vorgeformten Rohrs ein Innendruck appliziert, der zur Umformung des Rohrs entsprechend den Innenkonturen der beiden Gesenke führt.From US 5,070,717 is in process for the manufacture of a bow-shaped Known component from a tube blank. In a first manufacturing step the pipe blank is inserted between two die parts. The tube blank is preformed by moving the two die parts together. In a further manufacturing step, the preformed inside An internal pressure is applied to the tube, which corresponds to the forming of the tube the inner contours of the two dies.
Weiter ist ein gattungsgemäßes Herstellverfahren für ein rohrförmiges Bauteil mit durch querabgerichteten Ausformungen gegebenen abweichenden Querschnitten aus der US 4 840 053 bekannt zur Herstellung eines Rohrverteilers, z. B. eines Ansaugverteilers oder Auspuffsammlers, wobei zur Vermeidung geschwächter Wandstärken in dem durch ein Innenhochdruck-Umformen ausgebildeten Ausformungen in deren Übergangsbereichen in das Rohr vorab der Innendruck-Ausformung mittels eines Formwerkzeuges Dellen vor-eingeformt werden, die beim Innenhochdruck-Umformen für einen ausreichenden Materialnachfluß aus dem Rohr zur Erzielung geeigneter Wandstärken der Ausformung dienen.A generic manufacturing method for a tubular component is also included due to cross-shaped shapes given different cross-sections known from US 4,840,053 for the manufacture of a pipe distributor, e.g. B. one Intake manifold or exhaust manifold, being weakened to avoid Wall thicknesses in the formations formed by hydroforming in their transition areas into the pipe prior to the internal pressure molding Dents are pre-molded using a molding tool Hydroforming for sufficient material flow from the Use tube to achieve suitable wall thicknesses for the molding.
Bekanntlich kann bei einer ausschließlich im einstufigen Verfahren mittels Innenhochdruck-Umformung ausgebildeter Ausformung die Wandschwächung so erheblich sein, daß die Brauchbarkeit des umgeformten Bauteiles nicht gegeben ist. Ein Beispiel hierfür einer durch Abstreckung geschwächten Wand ist in der deutschen Patentschrift DE-C 44 27 201 in Fig. 2 für eine Nockenspitze einer Nockenwelle für Brennkraftmaschinen dargestellt. Zur Abhilfe dieses Nachteiles wird gemäß dieser Patentschrift von einem Herstellverfahren für eine hohle Nockenwelle mit zweistufigem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren ausgegangen, wobei in der ersten Stufe durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung mit Längsstauchung Materialanhäufungen in etwa an den Stellen entstehen, an denen Nocken entstehen sollen und in einer zweiten Stufe durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung die Zwischenproduktvor form in eine der endgültigen Nockenwelle entsprechenden Form umgeformt wird. Dieses geschützte Herstellverfahren ist aufwendig, da jedem durch Innenhochdruck umgeformten Nocken das Material durch werkzeug-gebundenes Stauchen beidseitig axial nachzuschieben ist.As is known, can only be done in a one-step process by means of hydroforming trained shaping the wall weakening so significantly be that the usability of the formed component is not given. On An example of a wall weakened by stretching is in the German one Patent specification DE-C 44 27 201 in Fig. 2 for a cam tip of a camshaft for Internal combustion engines shown. To remedy this disadvantage, according to this Patent of a manufacturing process for a hollow camshaft with two stages Hydroforming process is assumed, being in the first Stage by hydroforming with longitudinal compression material accumulations roughly at the points where cams are to be created and in the intermediate product in a second stage by hydroforming shape is converted into a shape corresponding to the final camshaft. This protected manufacturing process is complex because everyone is affected by high pressure reshaped cams the material by tool-bound upsetting is to be axially pushed on both sides.
Im übrigen offenbart die vorgenannte DE-C 44 27 201 eine Variante dieses Herstellverfahrens mit einer durch Innenhochdruck-Umformung bewirkten Vorumformung eines Nockens, dessen Endform durch ein anschließendes Rundhämmem fertiggestellt wird zur Erzielung einer durch Materialstreckung vergleichmäßigten Wandstärke.Moreover, the aforementioned DE-C 44 27 201 discloses a variant of this manufacturing process with pre-forming caused by hydroforming of a cam, the final shape of which is followed by a round hammer is completed to achieve a more uniform through material stretching Wall thickness.
Rundhämmem und Rundkneten als kombinierte Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle sind im übrigen Stand der Technik z. B. durch die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE-A 37 36 453, wobei das Verfahren von einem rohrartigen Rohling in Nockenform ausgeht, in den die übrigen Funktionselemente wie die rotationssymmetrischen Lager- und Verbindungsabschnitte von kleineren Abmessungen durch plastische Umformung eingeformt werden.Round hammers and round kneading as a combined process for producing a Camshafts are in the rest of the prior art, for. B. by the German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A 37 36 453, the method of a tubular blank proceeds in the shape of a cam, in which the other functional elements such as the rotationally symmetrical Bearing and connecting sections of smaller dimensions can be formed by plastic forming.
Ein durch plastische Umformung erzieltes Einformen von Nocken und Lager- sowie Verbindungsabschnitten mittels Rundhämmern in ein Rohr von einem die Nockenabmessungen übersteigenden Durchmesser gekennzeichnetes Herstellverfahren für eine Brennkraftmaschinen-Nockenwelle zeigt und beschreibt ferner die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE-A 35 28 464, wobei das Erfordernis eines Gegenhalter-Werkzeuges zur Ausformung der Nocken mit gleichbleibenden Wandstärken durch Rundhämmem die Herstellung aufwendig und damit kostspielig gestaltet.A molding of cams and bearing as well as achieved by plastic forming Connecting sections using round hammers in a tube of one the cam dimensions marked manufacturing process for an internal combustion engine camshaft also shows and describes the German one Publication DE-A 35 28 464, the requirement of a counter-holding tool for shaping the cams with constant wall thicknesses Using round hammers, the production is complex and therefore expensive.
Demgegenüber offenbart die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE-A 34 39 973 ein Herstellverfahren für eine Nockenwelle mit kombiniertem Umformverfahren des Rundhämmems der Lager- und Verbindungsabschnitte und des Innenhochdruck-Umformens zur Ausbildung der Nocken, wobei zur Erzielung gleichmäßiger Wandstärken der Nocken ein Rohr von einem solchen Ausgangsdurchmesser gewählt wird, daß mit der Vor-Umformung der Lager- und Verbindungsabschnitte durch Rundhämmern eine vorteilhafte Materialverteilung erzielt wird für die nachfolgende Innendruck-Ausformung der Nocken, wobei dieses Verfahrens insbesondere durch ein die Materialverteilung günstig beeinflußendes alternierendes Vorgehen zeitaufwendig ist.In contrast, the German patent application DE-A 34 39 973 discloses Manufacturing process for a camshaft with a combined forming process Round hammers of the bearing and connection sections and hydroforming to form the cams, being more uniform to achieve Wall thicknesses of the cams selected a tube of such an initial diameter will that with the pre-forming of the bearing and connecting sections an advantageous material distribution is achieved for the following by round hammers Internal pressure molding of the cams, this method in particular through an alternating procedure which has a favorable effect on the material distribution is time consuming.
Schließlich ist aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A 195 00 621 eine gebaute Nockenwelle bekannt, bei der die Nocken mit einem relativ dünnwandigen Rohr über ausgeprägte Vorsprünge drehfest formschlüssig verbunden sind. Vorab dieser formschlüssigen Verbindung mittels der Vorsprünge werden diese durch eine Walzumformung durch Eindrückung in die Rohrwand angeordnet und zur formschlüssigen Verbindung mit dem jeweiligen Nocken durch ein Werkzeug nach außen verdrängt. Finally, a built from the German patent application DE-A 195 00 621 Camshaft known, in which the cam with a relatively thin-walled Pipe are non-rotatably positively connected via pronounced projections. advance this positive connection by means of the projections, these are through a roll forming by pressing into the tube wall and arranged positive connection with the respective cam by means of a tool ousted outside.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das gattungsgemäße Herstellverfahren so zu verbessern, dass für ein wellenartiges Bauteil in seiner Endform in den im späteren Betrieb hochbelasteten Bauteilbereichen zumindest die Ausgangswandstäcke des Rohres sichergestellt ist.The object of the invention is the generic manufacturing process to improve so that for a wave-like component in its final shape in the at least the output wall pieces of the pipe are ensured in later operation of highly stressed component areas.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 - 3 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved by the features of claims 1-3 solved. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are can be found in the subclaims.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird bei der Herstellung eines wellenartigen Bauteils mit partiellen und/oder rotationssymmetrischen Ausgestaltungen von einem Rohr mit einem etwa der größten Abmessung einer der Ausgestaltungen angepassten Durchmesser ausgegangen. Eine Vorumformung des Rohrs mindestens im Bereich der Ausgestaltungen wird mittels eines Walzverfahrens und/oder mittels eines Knickbauchverfahrens erzielt. Zumindest die jeweiligen Ausgestaltungen des wellenartigen Bauteils werden mit einem anschließenden Innenhochdruckumformverfahren in die Endform umgeformt. According to the invention in the manufacture of a wave-like Component with partial and / or rotationally symmetrical configurations of a tube with approximately the largest dimension of one of the configurations adjusted diameter. A preforming of the Pipe is at least in the area of the configurations by means of a rolling process and / or achieved by means of a buckling process. At least the respective configurations of the shaft-like component are with a subsequent hydroforming process into the final shape.
Das erfindungsgemäße Herstellverfahren findet bevorzugt Verwendung zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle, einer Kraft- oder Arbeitsmaschine mit Nocken als partiellen Ausgestaltungen und Lager- und Verbindungsabschnitten als rotationssymmetrischen Ausgestaltungen. Weitere Verwendungsmöglichkeiten eröffnen sich für hohle Profilwellen wie beispielsweise einer Getriebewelle oder einer Antriebswelle, ferner für Lenkungsteile wie Zahnstangen und Traversenstangen, schließlich für Schwungwellen mit angeformten Masseträgem etc.The manufacturing method according to the invention is preferably used for manufacturing a camshaft, a power or work machine with cams as partial Designs and bearing and connecting sections as rotationally symmetrical Configurations. Open up other uses for hollow profile shafts such as a gear shaft or a drive shaft, also for steering parts such as racks and crossbars, finally for flywheels with molded mass carriers etc.
Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß mit den erfindungsgemäß ausgewählten, per se bekannten Verfahren zur plastischen Vor-Einformung mittels Vor-Umformung von Funktionsabschnitten bzw. Funktionselementen eines wellenförmigen Bauteiles in einen Rohr-Rohling für die anschließende, werkzeug-gebundene Endausformung mittels Innenhochdruck-Umformung in den belasteten Bereichen der Ausformungen zumindest die Ausgangswandstärke des Rohr-Rohlings gegeben und somit eine vorteilhaft prozeßsichere Umformung erzielt ist.The advantage of the invention is that with the Processes known per se for plastic pre-molding by means of Pre-forming of functional sections or functional elements of a wave-shaped Component in a tube blank for the subsequent, tool-bound Final shaping by means of hydroforming in the stressed areas of the formations at least the initial wall thickness of the tube blank given and thus an advantageous process-reliable forming is achieved.
Die Erfindung ist im folgenden beschrieben anhand einer nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Nockenwelle für eine Brennkraftmaschine.The invention is described below with reference to one according to the invention Process produced camshaft for an internal combustion engine.
Zur Herstellung einer einstückigen Nockenwelle wird von einem Rohr-Rohling ausgegangen, dessen Durchmesser bzw. dessen Radius vorzugsweise maximal der Entfernung zwischen der Halbzeuglängsachse und der der Nockenspitze gegenüberliegenden Außenkontur beträgt im Bereich der größten Abmessung eines Nockens ist. Dieser Rohr-Rohling wird zur Ausbildung der Funktionselemente Nocken, Verbindungsabschnitt und Lagerabschnitt zwischen diametral angeordneten Walzen mit im jeweiligen Umfang dem jeweiligen Rohr-Halbumfang angepaßten Profilformen zugeführt zur Vor-Umformung sämtlicher Ausgestaltungen der Nockenwelle. Diese erfindungsgemäße Vor-Umformung des Rohres über sämtliche, vorgenannten Ausgestaltungen der Nockenwelle mittels Profillängswalzen kann entweder abschnittweise erfolgen mit anschließender Winkeldrehung zur Erzielung der zutreffenden Winkellagen der einzelnen Nocken oder aber es werden sämtliche Ausgestaltungen einer Nockenwelle in einer Ebene durch Profillängswalzen ausgeformt. Mehrmaliger Durchlauf mittels verschiedener Kaliber ermöglicht eine genaue Vor-Umformung. In allen Fällen wird die jeweilige Nockenwelle nach dieser Vor-Umformung in ein entsprechendes Formwerkzeug eingelegt und mittels eines Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahrens, vorzugsweise hydraulisch, in die Endform umgeformt. Für den Fall der in einer Ebene vor-umgeformten und anschließend durch Innenhochdruck end-umgeformten Nockenwelle werden die einzelnen Nocken durch Twisten der Nockenwelle in den jeweiligen Verbindungsabschnitten in die entsprechenden Dreh-Winkellagen gebracht. Tribologisch beanspruchte Ausgestaltungen bzw. Funktionselemente werden abschließend einer entsprechenden, bekannten Oberflächenbehandlung unterworfen.To manufacture a one-piece camshaft, a tube blank is assumed whose diameter or radius is preferably a maximum of Distance between the longitudinal axis of the semi-finished product and that opposite the cam tip The outer contour is one in the area of the largest dimension Cam is. This tube blank is used to form the functional elements Cam, connecting section and bearing section between diametrically arranged Rolls with the respective circumference adapted to the respective half-circumference of the pipe Profile shapes supplied for pre-forming all configurations of the Camshaft. This pre-forming of the tube according to the invention over all aforementioned configurations of the camshaft by means of longitudinal profile rollers can either be done in sections with subsequent angular rotation to achieve this the applicable angular positions of the individual cams or it will be all configurations of a camshaft in one plane by longitudinal profile rollers formed. Multiple passes possible using different calibers an exact pre-forming. In all cases, the respective camshaft after this pre-forming, inserted into an appropriate molding tool and by means of a hydroforming process, preferably hydraulically, into the Formed final shape. In the case of pre-formed in one plane and then by means of internal high pressure, the individual camshafts are formed Cam by twisting the camshaft in the respective connecting sections brought into the corresponding angular positions. Tribologically claimed Configurations or functional elements finally become one subjected to corresponding, known surface treatment.
Neben den Profillängswalzen des Rohres kann die Vor-Umformung des Rohres zur Nockenwelle auch mittels Profilquerwalzen erzielt werden, wofür ein Querwalzen zwischen gleichsinnig rotierenden und konvex gekrümmten Werkzeugelementen oder ein Querwalzen mit einem feststehenden, konkav gekrümmten und einem rotierenden, konvex gekrümmten Werkzeugteil oder ein Querwalzen mit translatorisch gegeneinander bewegten Flachbackenwerkzeugen einzeln oder in Kombination zur Anwendung kommt. Die zu bearbeitenden Stellen können einzeln nacheinander oder zusammen mit einem entsprechenden Werkzeug bearbeitet werden.In addition to the longitudinal profile rollers of the tube, the pre-forming of the tube can be used Camshaft can also be achieved by means of cross profile rolling, for which purpose cross rolling between tool elements rotating in the same direction and convexly curved or a cross rolling with a fixed, concavely curved and a rotating, convexly curved tool part or a cross rolling with translatory flat jaw tools moved against each other individually or in combination is used. The positions to be processed can be done one after the other or processed together with an appropriate tool.
Für die Herstellung einer Nockenwelle durch eine kombinierte Umformung durch Knickbauchen und Innenhochdruck-Umformen wird in einem Fall von einem Rohr mit einem beispielsweise einem Lagerabschnitt entsprechenden Durchmesser ausgegangen und der Bereich des Nockens mittels eines radial nach außen gerichteten Knickbauchens vor-umgeformt, dem sich zur Erzielung der endgültigen Form der Ausgestaltung bzw. des Nockens eine vorzugsweise hydraulische Innenhochdruck-Umformung in einem Formwerkzeug anschließt.For the production of a camshaft by a combined forming Buckling and hydroforming in one case is from a pipe with a diameter corresponding, for example, to a bearing section assumed and the area of the cam by means of a radially outward Knuckle belly pre-formed to achieve the final Form of the configuration or the cam preferably a hydraulic internal high pressure forming in a mold.
Bei Anwendung des Knickbauchens mit radial einwärts ausgeknickter Rohrwandung wird vorzugsweise für den Rohr-Rohling von einem Durchmesser ausgegangen, der größer als der Durchmesser eines Lagerabschnittes ist. Bei dieser Verfahrensvariante wird der Lagerabschnitt durch das einwärts gerichtete Knickbauchen vor-umgeformt und mittels eines Innenhochdruck-Umformens in die Endform gebracht. Die Nocken werden aus den nicht umgeformten Bereichen in die Endform gebracht.When using the kink with a radially inwardly bent tube wall a diameter is preferably assumed for the tube blank, which is larger than the diameter of a bearing section. With this process variant the bearing section is caused by the inward buckling pre-formed and brought into the final shape by means of hydroforming. The cams are from the non-deformed areas to the final shape brought.
Beide Knickbauch-Verfahren können zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle auch kombiniert Verwendung finden, wobei ggf. ein örtliches Erwärmen zur Initiierung der einen und/oder anderen Knickbildung gewählt wird.Both buckled processes can also be used to manufacture a camshaft combined use, where appropriate, local heating for initiation one and / or another buckling is selected.
Für eine genauere Vor-Umformung mittels einem der weiter vorne erwähnten Walzverfahren kann das jeweilige Rohr ebenfalls erwärmt werden und zwar teilweise oder ganz.For a more precise pre-forming using one of the ones mentioned earlier The respective tube can also be heated, in some cases using the rolling method or whole.
Claims (12)
- A method of producing a shaft-like component formed with different cross-sections, wherein
the shaft-like component has partial and/or axially symmetrical shaped parts,
the shaft-like component is made from a tube of cold-workable material, especially metal,
the tube has a diameter approximately adapted to the maximum dimensions of one of the shaped parts, and
the tube is preshaped at least in the region of the shaped parts by a shaping tool, the preshaping being effected by rolling,
characterised in that
after preshaping, at least the shaped parts of the shaft-like component are converted into their final shape by internal high-pressure forming. - A method of producing a shaft-like component formed with different cross-sections, wherein
the shaft-like component has partial and/or axially symmetrical shaped parts,
the shaft-like component is made from a tube of cold-workable material, especially metal,
the tube has a diameter approximately adapted to the maximum dimensions of one of the shaped parts, and
the tube is preshaped at least in the region of the shaped parts by a shaping tool,
characterised in that
the tube in the region of the shaped parts is preformed by upset bulging and
after preforming, at least the shaped parts of the shaft-like component are converted to their final shape by internal high pressure. - A method of producing a shaft-like component formed with different cross-sections, wherein
the shaft-like component has partial and/or axially symmetrical shaped parts,
the shaft-like component is made from a tube of cold-workable material, especially metal,
the tube has a diameter approximately adapted to the maximum dimensions of one of the shaped parts, and
the tube is preshaped at least in the region of the shaped parts by a shaping tool, wherein the preshaping is effected at least by rolling,
characterised in that
the tube in the region of the shaped parts is preshaped by upset bulging in addition to rolling, and after preshaping at least the shaped parts of the shaft-like component are converted into their final shape by internal high-pressure forming. - A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the shaft-like component is a camshaft of a machine or prime mover, wherein the partial shaped parts are cams and the axially symmetrical shaped parts are bearing portions and connecting portions of the camshaft.
- A method according to claim 4, characterised in that all the shaped parts of the camshaft are made by longitudinal profile rolling of the tube between diametrically opposite rollers with profile shapes in each periphery adapted to the respective half-periphery of the tube.
- A method according to claim 4, characterised in that the tube is preshaped by transverse profile rolling, whereinindividually or in combination.the transverse rolling is effected between convex tool segments rotating in the same direction ortransverse rolling is effected with a stationary concave and a rotating convex tool part ortransverse rolling is effected with flat split moulds movable in translation relative to one another,
- A method according to claim 4, characterised in that the cams are preshaped by outwardly directed upset bulging and the cams are given their final shape by internal high-pressure forming in a moulding tool.
- A method according to claim 4, characterised in that the cams are preshaped by inwardly directed upset bulging and are given their final shape by internal high-pressure forming in a moulding tool.
- A method according to claim 4, characterised in that the cams are preshaped by a combination of radially inward and radially outward upset bulging.
- A method according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the tube is locally heated in the region where cams are to be made, in order to initiate the bulging.
- A method according to any of claims 4 to 10, characterised in that the cams are shaped substantially in a plane and are subsequently brought into preset rotated angular positions by twisting of axially symmetrical shaped parts.
- A method according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that shaped parts under frictional stress are additionally surface-treated.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19733008 | 1997-07-31 | ||
| DE19733008 | 1997-07-31 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0894551A2 EP0894551A2 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
| EP0894551A3 EP0894551A3 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| EP0894551B1 true EP0894551B1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
Family
ID=7837493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98111580A Expired - Lifetime EP0894551B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1998-06-24 | Method or making a component out of a tube of cold workable material, in particular metal |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0894551B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59812377D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2230635T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016107950B4 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2018-02-01 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a hollow component and component |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3439973A1 (en) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-05-07 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | Process for the production of camshafts |
| DE3528464A1 (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1987-02-19 | Audi Ag | Method for the production of a camshaft |
| US5070717A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1991-12-10 | General Motors Corporation | Method of forming a tubular member with flange |
| DE69403722T2 (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1997-09-25 | Gen Motors Corp | Process for forming a tubular element |
| US5557961A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1996-09-24 | General Motors Corporation | Hydroformed structural member with varied wall thickness |
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 DE DE59812377T patent/DE59812377D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-24 EP EP98111580A patent/EP0894551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-24 ES ES98111580T patent/ES2230635T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59812377D1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
| EP0894551A3 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| EP0894551A2 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
| ES2230635T3 (en) | 2005-05-01 |
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