EP0868305A1 - Device and method for monitoring the amount of a fluid sprayed across the width of moving material webs for the moistening thereof - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring the amount of a fluid sprayed across the width of moving material webs for the moistening thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP0868305A1 EP0868305A1 EP96939828A EP96939828A EP0868305A1 EP 0868305 A1 EP0868305 A1 EP 0868305A1 EP 96939828 A EP96939828 A EP 96939828A EP 96939828 A EP96939828 A EP 96939828A EP 0868305 A1 EP0868305 A1 EP 0868305A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sprayed
- liquid
- droplet
- material web
- counting device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/02—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by dampening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/082—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to a condition of the discharged jet or spray, e.g. to jet shape, spray pattern or droplet size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
- B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
- B05B3/08—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements in association with stationary outlet or deflecting elements
- B05B3/082—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements in association with stationary outlet or deflecting elements the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
- B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
- B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member
- B05B3/1007—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member characterised by the rotating member
- B05B3/1014—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member characterised by the rotating member with a spraying edge, e.g. like a cup or a bell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S101/00—Printing
- Y10S101/45—Sensor for ink or dampening fluid thickness or density
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring the spray quantity of a liquid sprayed across the width for moistening moving material webs, a device for carrying out the method and the use of this device.
- fast-running paper webs have to be moistened in certain stages of the processing process, for example after passing through a dryer to dry a printing ink.
- the moistening can be carried out either by means of a roller onto which a liquid is sprayed, or by spraying the liquid directly onto the fast-running paper web.
- a liquid is spread across the width of the material web by a spray device. sprayed so that the entire width of the material web is moistened by the liquid.
- This liquid application technology has also been used in the textile, film, nonwoven, wood, tissue and other industries.
- a device for such moistening moves Material webs are known, for example, from DE 42 27 136 C2.
- material webs can be moistened uniformly and high concentrated liquors with a low water content can be applied to the material web.
- the spraying technique used allows a non-contact and uniform application over the web entire width of the material web without droplet formation, so that a gentle and low-tension material web treatment is provided and the fabric structure is preserved
- a method as well as a device for carrying out the method and a use of the method are to be provided with which the sprayed-on liquid can be monitored simply and reliably and any malfunctions can be identified at an early stage.
- the moistening or the application of liquors to a material web can be effectively monitored in a simple manner. If a spraying device with which the liquid intended for moistening the material web is sprayed into the width does not work correctly, so that the material web is not moistened in the desired manner over its width, this can be determined immediately with the method according to the invention , since it is not the moisture content of the material web that is determined, but the spray quantity of the liquid to be applied to the material web. By measuring local droplet flow values and comparing the measured droplet flows with previously determined target values, additional information is immediately provided as to which measuring range is inadequate. there can be specified within which tolerances the local droplet flow values may deviate from the associated setpoints.
- the target values initially determined are compared with one another according to their determination. If the target values do not agree with one another within certain tolerances, the spraying device operates incorrectly right from the start.
- Claim 4 specifies an embodiment of the invention, according to which the method according to the invention can be used for permanent monitoring of the sprayed liquid.
- Claim 5 shows a somewhat more complex alternative to the permanent monitoring of the sprayed liquid. This alternative has the advantage of being faulty Work can be determined more quickly, because it is not necessary to wait for a complete run as in the embodiment according to claim 4.
- a signal is provided which can be used in different ways. For example, the processing of the material web could be stopped immediately, or it can be used to call a specialist, who first assesses the detected error.
- the method according to the invention does not allow reliable statements to be made about the quantity of the entire liquid sprayed onto the material web, since the sprayed liquid is only recorded locally in individual measuring ranges, according to claim 7, after a specific change in the sprayed amount of liquid, for example after a change in the web speed during one run, the sprayed liquid is only monitored for total failure in the respective measuring ranges. This makes sense because a comparison with the initially determined target values is no longer possible due to the lack of the ability to determine absolute amounts of liquid.
- a device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of only one counting device, which determines the local droplet flow by registering individual droplets, and an evaluation unit. With the counting device, all droplet flows are one after the other can be registered in that the counting device can be brought into positions assigned to the individual measuring ranges. This represents a structurally simple and inexpensive solution.
- the droplets for measuring droplet streams can advantageously be optically registered.
- a favorable embodiment of the counting device is the subject of claim 10.
- a further protection of the counting device results from the embodiment of the invention according to claim 12, so that it is then possible to open the pinhole only when the measuring range assigned to this pinhole is to be recorded by the counting device.
- the counting device for determining the individual, local droplet streams can be brought quickly and easily into positions assigned to the individual measuring areas. This also enables preferred monitoring in the immediate vicinity of the material web, ie shortly before the droplets hit the material web.
- Such an embodiment also permits simple and space-saving attachment of the cleaning and testing device according to claim 18.
- the device according to the invention can advantageously be used for a wide variety of industries in accordance with claims 19 and 20.
- FIG. 1 a schematic view of a monitoring device according to the invention
- 2 a top view of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a counting device which is connected to an evaluation unit
- Fig. 4 u. 5 a depiction of parts of a spray device.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show, in addition to a monitoring device 10 according to the invention, a spraying device 12 by means of which a liquid for moistening a moving material web 14 in the width B can be sprayed in droplets.
- the liquid droplets are shown as small lines or dots 16.
- the material web 10 can also be moistened indirectly by first spraying the liquid onto a roller and then transferring it from this roller to the material web 14.
- the monitoring device 10 has a counting device 18, an evaluation unit 20 and preferably a remnant device 22 and a test device 24.
- the counting device 18 is attached to a slide 26, which is mounted on a guide carrier 28, preferably in a longitudinally displaceable manner.
- the guide carrier 28 preferably extends perpendicular to the running direction of the material web 14 at least over the material web width B, so that the counting device 18 can be positioned over the entire width B of the material web 14.
- the guide carrier 28 is preferably arranged in the immediate vicinity of the spraying device 12 and the material web 14, so that the counting device 18 can be placed on the guide carrier 28 m positions in which the counting device 18 counts the droplets 16 passing through measuring areas 1, 2 and 3 can.
- the measuring ranges 1, 2 and 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are only examples. Depending on the material web width B, a larger or smaller number can be provided.
- the counting device 18 has a light source, preferably a semiconductor laser 30, a mirror 32, a lens system, consisting of lenses 34 and 36, an aperture 38 and a photodiode 40. These elements of the counting device 18 are accommodated in a housing 42.
- the emitted laser light is shown as rays 44 and the light received by the photodiode is shown as rays 46 in FIG. 3.
- the photodiode 40 is connected to the evaluation unit 20 via an amplifier 48 and a comparator 50.
- an eme Bending 52 is provided, which has openings, preferably round perforations, so that perforated screens 54, 55, 56 and 57 are formed.
- the perforated screens 55, 56 and 57 define the measuring ranges 1, 2 and 3 that can be optically detected by the counting device.
- 57 are preferably closable by means of cover plates 60.
- the cleaning device 22 is provided in the region of the end of the guide support 28.
- the cleaning device 22 can be connected to a compressed air source (not shown) and has a nozzle b2 from which the compressed air can flow out.
- the test device 24 is provided on one of the ends of the guide support 28.
- the test device 24 has a disk 64 which can be rotated with a defined angular velocity and which has concentrically arranged openings 66, preferably circumferentially regularly spaced apart.
- the disk 64 is arranged such that the laser beam 44 of the numbering device 18 positioned in the region of the end of the guide support 28 can illuminate the openings 66. When the disk rotates, the laser beam 44 can then be interrupted by means of the disk having the openings 66 and rotating.
- the material web 14 is moved past the spraying device 12, for example in the direction of the arrow 100.
- the spray device 12 eme Liquid, for example water or a suitable liquor, m sprayed the width B, so that the entire web width B is preferably covered.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 An example of a spraying device 12 which can preferably be used with the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the spraying device 12 has, as indicated in FIG. 4, a plurality of turntables 102 which are arranged next to one another in a row parallel to the longitudinal direction of the material web 14 and to the guide support 28.
- the turntables 102 are attached to a preferably lower end of a drive shaft 104 and have a central pot region 106, to which a flat spray flange 108 which extends radially outwards is connected.
- their respective drive shafts 104 m are connected to a motor in a suitable manner (not shown in more detail).
- an aperture 110 is arranged between the turntables 102 arranged in the row and the material web 14, which has a passage opening 112 in the area of each turntable 102 for liquid to be sprayed onto the material web 14.
- the spray areas defined in this way are fan-shaped and form individual sectors which advantageously adjoin one another flush in the plane of the material web, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4.
- a spraying device which has a roller, the width of which corresponds to the width of the material web and the axis of which is arranged parallel to the guide carrier 28.
- a spray jet extending over the width of the material web is then generated by the roller spraying liquid applied to its surface by rapid rotation and this liquid spraying out emerging through a slot-shaped opening, the slot width of which corresponds to the width of the material web.
- Another possible spraying device consists of individual spray nozzles arranged next to one another, the spray jets of which overall cover the width of the material web.
- the counting device 18 is cleaned by means of the cleaning device 22, in that contaminants are blown off directly from the counting device 18, in particular from the optics of the counting device 18, by means of the compressed air emerging from the nozzle 62.
- the counting device is then brought 18 m into the test position shown in FIG. 1, in which the laser beam 44 passes through the open pinhole 54 and illuminates the disk 64.
- the disk 64 has a reflective coating on its surface.
- the laser beam 44 is defined by the rotating disk 64 Frequency interrupted.
- a light reflection occurs through the reflecting surface of the pane 64.
- the reflected light 46 is focused by the lenses 34 and 36 and imaged on the photodiode 40.
- the photodiode 40 generates a signal which is fed to the amplifier 48 and amplified and differentiated there and then passed on to the comparator 50.
- the comparator 50 then forwards a pulse to the evaluation unit for each signal.
- the pulses received by the evaluation unit 20 are compared with the angular velocity of the disk 64, so that it can be determined whether each reflection of the laser beam 44 has been registered.
- a first measurement run is started.
- the counting device 18 is brought into a first measuring position along the guide carrier 28, so that the counting device 18 can record the first measuring range 1.
- the aperture 55 is opened so that the laser beam 44 illuminates the first measuring area 1.
- the light 46 reflected by the individual droplets 16 passing through the first measuring area 1 is now registered by the counting device 18 and, as described above, is supplied to the evaluation unit 20 as an electrical impulse per droplet 16 flying by (see FIG. 3). In this way, the number of droplets per unit of time, preferably 1.7 seconds, is now counted.
- an average value is determined from six such measurements, which represents the local droplet flow for the first measuring range 1. This droplet flow value is called Setpoint for the first measuring range 1 m of the evaluation unit 20 is stored.
- the working area A is defined by the opening of the diaphragm 38.
- the distances between the counting device 18 and the individual measuring ranges are therefore preferably the same for all measuring ranges and matched with the opening of the diaphragm 38, so that the fan-like spray areas lie in the working area A.
- the pinhole 55 is now closed again and the counting device 18 is moved to the second measuring range 2.
- a setpoint is determined and stored in the same way.
- m only FIGS. 1 and 2 are shown, the target values are determined and stored.
- the material web 14 is to be moistened uniformly over its width B, it is advantageously now checked whether the target values of the individual measuring ranges do not differ too much from one another. If the deviation is too large, this is an indication that the spraying device 12 is not works correctly because, for example, a turntable 102 has failed Thereafter, the counting device 18 is again moved into the first measuring position and again a local droplet flow is measured in the first measuring area 1 and stored in the evaluation unit 20. The further measuring ranges 2 and 3 are then recorded.
- the measured droplet current values of the three measuring ranges are compared with the associated target values in the evaluation unit 20. If, for example, the measured droplet flow of the second measuring range 2 deviates from the second setpoint value via a predetermined tolerance threshold, a signal, for example a warning light, is preferably actuated. The operator of the device can then immediately recognize that too little liquid has reached the material web in the measuring area 2, that is to say the spray device 12 is working incorrectly in this area.
- the droplet streams of the individual measuring ranges are repeatedly measured in further runs and compared with the target values after each run. So there is constant control of the amount of liquid sprayed onto the material web 14. Alternatively, it is also possible to compare the droplet flow measured in each case immediately after its determination with the associated target value.
- the correct positioning of the counting device 18 on the guide carrier 28 in the test and measurement positions is accomplished in each case by means of an inductive switch (not shown). It should be noted that from the total number of drops measured with respect to a measuring range, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the absolutely sprayed amount of liquid in the associated fan-like sector. However, the method according to the invention is excellently suitable for monitoring the sprayed-on amount of liquid by measuring the instantaneous local droplet flow values based on local setpoints which have been determined once and comparing them with the setpoints, that is to say only making relative statements about the amounts of liquid to be monitored.
- the counting device 18 is cleaned and its function is checked.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19546260 | 1995-12-12 | ||
| DE19546260A DE19546260C1 (en) | 1995-12-12 | 1995-12-12 | Monitoring spray quantity on material conveyor method , e.g. paper path moved towards a moistening position, in graphics industry |
| PCT/EP1996/005043 WO1997021544A1 (en) | 1995-12-12 | 1996-11-16 | Device and method for monitoring the amount of a fluid sprayed across the width of moving material webs for the moistening thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0868305A1 true EP0868305A1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
| EP0868305B1 EP0868305B1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
Family
ID=7779840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96939828A Expired - Lifetime EP0868305B1 (en) | 1995-12-12 | 1996-11-16 | Device and method for monitoring the amount of a fluid sprayed across the width of moving material webs for the moistening thereof |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6016751A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0868305B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000501663A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990072081A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19546260C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997021544A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2751665B1 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-09-04 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A SURFACE TREATMENT SYSTEM |
| FR2751664B1 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-09-04 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A SURFACE TREATMENT SYSTEM OF A SOLID TRAVELING SUBSTRATE |
| DE19856527C2 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-10-04 | Sbs Sondermaschinen Gmbh | Sensor for the measurement of the surface-specific fluid mass flow in spray mists |
| DE19905824A1 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2000-09-07 | Weitmann & Konrad Fa | Device for moistening sheet material |
| DE10241545A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-03-25 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Device for converting a continuous flow of liquid into a flow of liquid droplets |
| DE10303608B4 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2008-05-08 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Method for a stable machine run on printing units of a rotary printing press for operation with partially wide printing material |
| DE10333121B4 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2006-01-19 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Gmbh | Apparatus and method for coating material |
| US7181952B2 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2007-02-27 | Fm Global Technologies, Llc | Characterization of mist sprays using a phase-doppler particle analyzer and an iso-kinetic sampling probe |
| US20080229945A1 (en) * | 2007-03-24 | 2008-09-25 | Niemiro Michael A | Spray dampening valve having associated electronic adjustment and correction data |
| US20090324818A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Silicone applicator for a printing press |
| CN103721877A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-16 | 常熟市天豪机械有限公司 | Water-saving type automatic sprinkling irritation device |
| CN107538768B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-08-06 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of adhesive asserably method of non-rigid thermal protection component |
| DE102017122492A1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-03-28 | Dürr Systems Ag | Applicator with an integrated control circuit |
| CN110614842A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-27 | 台山市金利达印刷包装有限公司 | Humidifying device with locking mechanism for screen printing machine |
| CN112303079B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-07-15 | 北京空天技术研究所 | Convenient large-size thermal protection member profile matching degree trial assembly detection method |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2058667B1 (en) * | 1970-11-28 | 1972-05-25 | Weitmann & Konrad | Device in printing machines, in particular offset machines, for applying liquid to moving surfaces |
| AT389675B (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1990-01-10 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | DEVICE FOR COLOR-PROFILE-RELATED FETRAMENT CONTROL |
| DE3687074D1 (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1992-12-17 | Felix Brunner | METHOD, CONTROL DEVICE AND AUXILIARY TO ACHIEVE A UNIFORM PRINT RESULT ON AN AUTOTYPICAL MULTICOLOR OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE. |
| US5038681A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1991-08-13 | Jimek International Ab | Control method and apparatus for spray dampener |
| DE3830121A1 (en) * | 1988-09-05 | 1990-03-15 | Felix Brunner | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SETTING A PRESET PRINT STANDARDS DEFINED BY A FULL OF VALUES / GRID POINT CHANGE IN AN AUTOTYPICAL PRESSURE PROCESS |
| DE3830732C2 (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 2000-05-25 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Process for dampening solution control in an offset printing machine |
| US5520113A (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1996-05-28 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Method of regulating dampening medium |
| DE4214139C2 (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 2002-01-10 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Process for dampening solution regulation when printing from a form cylinder in an offset printing machine |
| US5368817A (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1994-11-29 | Toppan Printing, Co., Ltd. | Dampening water controller |
| DE4227136C3 (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1998-08-13 | Weitmann & Konrad Fa | Method and device for moistening a printed and then thermally dried, moving material web, in particular paper web |
| US5412577A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1995-05-02 | Quad/Tech International | Color registration system for a printing press |
| DE4238557A1 (en) * | 1992-11-14 | 1994-05-19 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Method for adjusting the amount of dampening solution in an offset rotary printing press |
| GB9411908D0 (en) * | 1994-06-14 | 1994-08-03 | John Heyer Paper Ltd | Web monitoring for paper machines |
-
1995
- 1995-12-12 DE DE19546260A patent/DE19546260C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-11-16 US US09/077,886 patent/US6016751A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-16 WO PCT/EP1996/005043 patent/WO1997021544A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-11-16 DE DE59604852T patent/DE59604852D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-16 EP EP96939828A patent/EP0868305B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-16 KR KR1019980704388A patent/KR19990072081A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-11-16 JP JP9521649A patent/JP2000501663A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9721544A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0868305B1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
| DE19546260C1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
| JP2000501663A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
| WO1997021544A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
| US6016751A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| DE59604852D1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
| KR19990072081A (en) | 1999-09-27 |
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