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EP0724029A1 - Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid - Google Patents

Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0724029A1
EP0724029A1 EP96250016A EP96250016A EP0724029A1 EP 0724029 A1 EP0724029 A1 EP 0724029A1 EP 96250016 A EP96250016 A EP 96250016A EP 96250016 A EP96250016 A EP 96250016A EP 0724029 A1 EP0724029 A1 EP 0724029A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
threads
melt
filaments
air
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Granted
Application number
EP96250016A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0724029B1 (fr
Inventor
Lüder Dr.-Ing. Gerking
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/025—Melt-blowing or solution-blowing dies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing threads of finite and endless length from thread-forming melts, preferably from polymers, with the aid of gas jets, primarily cold air jets.
  • thermoplastic polymer melts from spinnerets and to extract them by means of hot gas jets, mostly air jets, these air jets flowing out of a series of melt outlet openings on both sides.
  • This method was first known by A. Van Wente in a publication by the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA in 'Industrial and Engineering Chemistry', 48 (1956), 1342-46.
  • a large number of subsequent technical designs up to the recent past can essentially be traced back to the principle shown there, namely with the characteristics that it is a series of melt outlet openings and the air streams pulling out the melt must be heated to at least melt temperature and mostly above it.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and devices suitable therefor in which these two essential disadvantages are avoided.
  • the gas preferably air streams are not heated, since they no longer hit the threads directly next to the melt bores, but just below the outlet openings.
  • These cold air jets which attack a row of threads on both sides, accelerate increasingly until the thread reaches its final diameter has reached. It has then cooled so far that it can no longer be warped.
  • melt outlet bores can be arranged, for example two or three, which increases the throughput for a given nozzle length and makes better use of the gas jet energy due to a higher material load can be.
  • injection molds only normal spinnerets and parts for the gas flow that are not technically demanding.
  • the deformation of the thread from the exit from the melt bore to its solidification is caused by tensile forces which are applied aerodynamically mechanically by take-off or winding rollers or in the spunbond process. After the thread has solidified, the tensile forces act on the lower end of the spinning line, cf. DOS 37 36 418 and 43 12 419.
  • the thread is cooled by specially introduced cooling air, usually regulated according to temperature, sometimes also humidity.
  • the cooling air can be blown in transversely or with a component in the thread running direction.
  • blow spinning with heated air the meltblown process, the hot air mixes with the cold ambient air after it emerges from the slots next to the melt holes, and the threads cool and solidify.
  • the deformation of the threads is generated by shear forces which generate the air flowing in laterally, which is not particularly heated, on the thread jacket.
  • the shear forces acting on the thread after its solidification also act as tensile forces on the deformation area, but mostly less than the shear forces on the not yet solidified part.
  • the speed of these air flows is greater than the thread speed. They accelerate steadily towards a Laval nozzle, in the narrowest cross section of which the speed of sound can be reached.
  • the process according to the invention thus stands between the known spunbonded nonwoven processes with a drawdown on the solidified thread and the meltblown process with hot air streams from the spinneret. Such a method has not yet become known.
  • a method for the production of powders from metal and ceramic melts has proven itself (DE 33 11 343), in which usually a single outflow opening of the melt stands just above a rotationally symmetrical Laval nozzle and the radially inflowing gas quantity is constantly accelerating, also up to the speed of sound and above, and thus for the extraction of the melt monofilament favorable conditions due to increasing gas flow with increasing monofilament speed.
  • the surface tension is usually so great that the thread bursts in the area of the lower pressure, approaching the narrowest point of the Laval nozzle, and balls result from the individual particles, which solidify into solid powder.
  • DE 35 33 964 the melt monofilament is kept warm longer by radiant heating in order to pull it out further and thus to obtain even finer powder.
  • the aim of the present invention is to produce threads which are as fine as possible from thread-forming, ie higher-viscosity melts getting produced. Unlike metal melts, the influence of viscosity outweighs that of surface tension. This leads to threads and not to powders. Solely the production of threads of finite or endless length is intended with the method according to the invention and its characteristic devices.
  • melt-spinnable polymers such as polyamides, polyester, polystyrene, polyurethane, polypropylene and other melt-spinnable polymers that can be converted into synthetic fibers
  • a molecular orientation during the transition from the melt to the solid thread is the basic requirement. In the present case, this is achieved primarily by the action of shear forces on the molten monofilament. General gravity and tensile forces on the solidified thread part help.
  • the present invention fulfills the requirement for rapid stretching to the final diameter due to the basically short stretching length between the melt outlet nozzle and the Laval nozzle.
  • the molecular orientation between the spinneret and the solidification point in the short warping distance and the associated high shear gradients in the thread are higher, because in addition to the tensile forces from below, strong shear stresses attack directly in the deformation area. These also attack the meltblown spinning process, but only at the very beginning, then increasingly weaker due to the unfavorable ratio of the decreasing gas speed to increasing thread speed.
  • the high thread qualities of polymer threads add to the energy saving advantage. Compared to other known methods for spinning threads from the melt with the aid of aerodynamic forces, the devices for implementing the method according to the invention are simpler.
  • the device for the present process for the production of threads and fibers with cold blowing streams consists of a longitudinal nozzle from which the melt emerges from openings in one or more rows. Below the longitudinal nozzle there is a gap of a few mm in width, the contour of which has the convergent-divergent shape of a Laval nozzle and which extends over the entire length of the row of spinning bores. With appropriate pressure ratios, the speed of sound can be generated in the narrowest part of the gap and even the supersonic speed in the expanded part.
  • the part below referred to as the blowing nozzle below the spinneret can be designed as a Laval nozzle with a convergent-divergent flow cross-section. With a corresponding pressure ratio p 1 / p 0 greater than about 1.9, supersonic is created behind it by jet expansion to the ambient pressure. In the case of a non-expanded blow nozzle, the so-called Borda mouth, the speed of sound at the outlet is at most.
  • a spinning device as is usually used for polymer melts, above a blowing nozzle 2.
  • the melt passes from a metering device (not shown), for example a gear pump, through an opening 3 into the spinning device and is distributed over a longitudinal channel 4 over the width of the nozzle.
  • Known filters 5 for filtering out foreign bodies and for forming resistance for the purpose of uniform distribution of the melt over the nozzle length reach the melt through the pilot holes 6 of the nozzle to the melt openings 7 in the nozzle plate 8.
  • This is in a nozzle screw connection 9 consisting of several parts with the aforementioned Parts summarized and placed in a heated box 10, from which it can be removed at 3 for exchange by dissolving the connection to the melt line.
  • the air flow is preferably laminar in order to allow quiet warping without turbulent fluctuations in the threads 25.
  • a laminar flow allows a narrower gap at 12 and thus less use of gas (air) amount.
  • a laminar flow in the warping area of the threads is also advantageous for reasons of energy saving.
  • room 15 there is a higher pressure p 1 than below in the room labeled 16.
  • the space 16 can be under ambient pressure p 0 or, if the threads are to be collected into a fleece or the threads are to be transported further, they can also have a pressure above the environment. If air as the flowing medium in room 15 is at least 1.9 times more pressurized than room 16, the narrowest point is 12 at the speed of sound.
  • temperatures are set slightly above the melting point.
  • the temperature can be increased significantly above the melting point, which is necessary in any case with higher-viscosity polymers such as polypropylene; with polyester and polyamides, a lower overheating above the melting point is sufficient.
  • the width of the gap 12 is chosen so narrow that just striking and thus clogging and jamming of the fibrous material in the blowing nozzle 2 is prevented.
  • the plates 13a and 13b which form the lower end of the pressure chamber 15, can be moved via pivot points 18 and sliding openings 19, this type of adjustment only should be a possibility for others.
  • the pressure chamber is closed at the end by plates 20.
  • the sealing with the plates 13a and 13b can be carried out metallically by means of flat surfaces and pressing together; sealing elements in the plates 13a and 13b are also possible in a known manner. The tension between these and the plates of the end wall is easily released for piecing and adjusting the gap 12.
  • Fig. 2 a similar device consisting of spinning device 21 and blowing nozzle 22 is shown.
  • the heating by means of a heat transfer medium 27, in vapor or liquid form, located in chambers 26 is brought as close as possible to the spinneret plate 28 to reduce their cooling due to the air flow, which is still slow in this area.
  • the spinneret must be installed and removed from above.
  • Fig. 3 it is indicated that an electrical, flat rod-shaped heater 29 provides heat to the spinneret and counteracts the cooling of the air streams.
  • Insulating plates 30 can act in the same sense as shown here and in FIG. 1. With the help of these side heaters, the melt can be overheated shortly before it emerges in order to obtain finer threads. Because of the short exposure time of the higher temperature, the damage to the polymer can be kept low and a drop in the mechanical quality values of the threads remains small or cannot be determined at all.
  • the air necessary for spinning the melt is fed to the atmosphere or the pressure p 2 in the space 16 of the blowpinning device at pressures of about 0.5 to about 3 bar above the pressure p 0 . If there is a negative pressure in room 16, for example if a thread deposit is connected to a fleece, the pressure in room 15 can be lower and it can still be achieved at 12 sonic speeds if the critical pressure ratio 1.9 is reached or exceeded in air .
  • the process according to the invention succeeds in producing threads with the quality of staple fibers, although their essential properties of strength, elongation, shrinkage and of course also the thread diameter fluctuate more due to the not completely constant tensile effect of the air flow on the threads than in conventional thread production with mechanical withdrawal of the threads from spinnerets.
  • a plastic granulate mixture of polyester and polypropylene in a weight ratio of 50:50 was melted in an elongated vessel, also with electrical heating and under a nitrogen atmosphere, and brought to an outlet by means of an overpressure in nitrogen from three outlet openings with a diameter of 0.8 mm arranged in series.
  • the temperature of the melt was 285 ° C, the pressure of the compressed air 1.8 bar above atmosphere and the throughput 0.75 g / min per hole.
  • the Laval nozzle had a rectangular cross section with a width of 3 mm at the narrowest point. Their distance from the melt outlet openings was approximately 25 mm.
  • the result was silky threads with an average of 0.76 den, 1.60 g / den strength, 272% elongation, 35% cooking shrinkage.
  • the threads were caught on a sieve belt moved underneath the device, where they were laid down to form a 5 cm wide fleece.
  • the present invention is applicable to all substances which can be converted into threads in the molten state.
  • the melt monofilaments should be warped quickly and under the influence of tensile and shear stresses in order to obtain the highest possible molecular orientation and thus the quality of the threads. This also applies if the threads are particularly fine and are not endless, but tear off at irregular intervals and a new piece of thread then forms.
  • the production of polymer threads and nonwovens thereon is a preferred application of the method according to the invention, without being restricted thereto.
  • the device consisting of spinneret and blowing part extends over a certain length, which specifies the width of the nonwoven produced.
  • the threads - endless, partially endless or predominantly finite length - are placed on a catch belt, the direction of which is the longitudinal axis of the spinneret with blowing part at a certain angle, usually at 90 °.
  • the thread can be deposited by having an open space between the Lavalblower nozzle and the catch belt.
  • laying methods known in spunbonded nonwoven technology can also be used for swiveling the thread sheet emerging from the Laval nozzle.
  • the suction process in which the laying part is separated from the surroundings and suctioned off under the belt, can also be used in that the space below the Laval blower nozzle is closed in a known manner up to the collecting belt and the threads laid into a fleece seal this closed laying room via sealing rollers leaves with the sieve belt.
  • Nonwoven webs of endless threads referred to as spunbonded webs, when produced directly from the spinneret, can be a preferred one Field of application of the present invention. Apart from special cases, the threads should be distributed as evenly as possible in all directions in order to obtain isotropic materials.
  • the use of the method according to the invention and the associated device is particularly suitable for the production of such products.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
EP19960250016 1995-01-28 1996-01-24 Fils à partir de masses en fusion utilisant jets de gaz froid Expired - Lifetime EP0724029B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19502655 1995-01-28
DE19502655 1995-01-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0724029A1 true EP0724029A1 (fr) 1996-07-31
EP0724029B1 EP0724029B1 (fr) 2001-09-05

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EP (1) EP0724029B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19607114A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001000909A1 (fr) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-04 Gerking Lueder Procede et dispositif pour produire des fils fins sensiblement continus
WO2004020722A3 (fr) * 2002-08-28 2004-05-13 Corovin Gmbh Non-tisse file-lie en fibres sans fin
WO2006037371A1 (fr) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-13 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede de fusion-soufflage destine au filage par fusion de fines fibres de non-tisses et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO2007101459A1 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Gerking Lueder Dispositif de filature pour produire des fils fins par epissurage
CN116732626A (zh) * 2023-06-13 2023-09-12 福建万鸿纺织有限公司 一种纺丝甬道
CN118166436A (zh) * 2024-05-15 2024-06-11 华美时尚集团有限公司 保湿抑菌芦荟纤维面料制备的旋风气流辅助纺丝装置、工艺

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10340606B4 (de) * 2003-08-29 2005-10-06 Gerking, Lüder, Dr.-Ing. Vorrichtung zum Verdüsen eines Schmelzestrahls und Verfahren zum Verdüsen von hochschmelzenden Metallen und Keramikschmelzen
CN113502549B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2022-10-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种熔喷纺丝组件

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE889285C (de) * 1947-04-28 1953-09-10 Camille Dreyfus Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Garnen und aehnlichen Materialien
DE1190135B (de) * 1961-01-07 1965-04-01 Gruenzweig & Hartmann A G Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fasern aus schmelzbaren Stoffen
DE1660489A1 (de) * 1966-12-17 1971-04-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Endlosfaeden hoher Festigkeit aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
EP0339240A2 (fr) * 1988-03-29 1989-11-02 NYSSEN, Peter, Roger Microfibres en sulfure de polyphénylène
WO1992010599A1 (fr) * 1990-12-15 1992-06-25 Peter Roger Nyssen Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de fibres ultrafines de polymeres thermoplastiques

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3305810A1 (de) * 1983-02-19 1984-08-23 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Duesenziehverfahren und ziehduese zur zerteilung von schmelzen
DE3311343C2 (de) * 1983-03-29 1987-04-23 Alfred Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Dr.-Ing. 7830 Emmendingen Walz Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinen Metallpulvern sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE3533964C1 (de) * 1985-09-24 1987-01-15 Alfred Prof Dipl-Ing Dr-I Walz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Feinstpulver in Kugelform
DE3736418A1 (de) * 1987-04-25 1988-11-10 Reifenhaeuser Masch Verfahren und anlage zum betrieb einer spinnvliesanlage fuer die herstellung eines spinnvlieses aus synthetischen endlosfilamenten
DE4312419C2 (de) * 1993-04-16 1996-02-22 Reifenhaeuser Masch Anlage für die Herstellung einer Spinnvliesbahn aus aerodynamischen verstreckten Filamenten aus Kunststoff

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE889285C (de) * 1947-04-28 1953-09-10 Camille Dreyfus Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Garnen und aehnlichen Materialien
DE1190135B (de) * 1961-01-07 1965-04-01 Gruenzweig & Hartmann A G Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fasern aus schmelzbaren Stoffen
DE1660489A1 (de) * 1966-12-17 1971-04-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Endlosfaeden hoher Festigkeit aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
EP0339240A2 (fr) * 1988-03-29 1989-11-02 NYSSEN, Peter, Roger Microfibres en sulfure de polyphénylène
WO1992010599A1 (fr) * 1990-12-15 1992-06-25 Peter Roger Nyssen Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de fibres ultrafines de polymeres thermoplastiques

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001000909A1 (fr) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-04 Gerking Lueder Procede et dispositif pour produire des fils fins sensiblement continus
US6800226B1 (en) 1999-06-24 2004-10-05 Gerking Lueder Method and device for the production of an essentially continous fine thread
WO2004020722A3 (fr) * 2002-08-28 2004-05-13 Corovin Gmbh Non-tisse file-lie en fibres sans fin
US7326663B2 (en) 2002-08-28 2008-02-05 Fiberweb Corovin Gmbh Spunbonded nonwoven made of endless fibers
WO2006037371A1 (fr) * 2004-09-30 2006-04-13 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede de fusion-soufflage destine au filage par fusion de fines fibres de non-tisses et dispositif de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO2007101459A1 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Gerking Lueder Dispositif de filature pour produire des fils fins par epissurage
RU2396378C2 (ru) * 2006-03-08 2010-08-10 Людер ГЕРКИНГ Формовочное устройство для получения тонких нитей путем расщепления
CN116732626A (zh) * 2023-06-13 2023-09-12 福建万鸿纺织有限公司 一种纺丝甬道
CN118166436A (zh) * 2024-05-15 2024-06-11 华美时尚集团有限公司 保湿抑菌芦荟纤维面料制备的旋风气流辅助纺丝装置、工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0724029B1 (fr) 2001-09-05
DE19607114A1 (de) 1996-12-05

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