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EP0760901B1 - Retainer for a mining tool - Google Patents

Retainer for a mining tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0760901B1
EP0760901B1 EP95919426A EP95919426A EP0760901B1 EP 0760901 B1 EP0760901 B1 EP 0760901B1 EP 95919426 A EP95919426 A EP 95919426A EP 95919426 A EP95919426 A EP 95919426A EP 0760901 B1 EP0760901 B1 EP 0760901B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
retainer
protection elements
wearing
recesses
retainer body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95919426A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0760901A1 (en
Inventor
Hagen TRÄNKER
Reinhold Walter
Ernst Heiderich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boart Longyear GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Boart Longyear GmbH and Co KG Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik
Boart HWF GmbH and Co KG Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boart Longyear GmbH and Co KG Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik, Boart HWF GmbH and Co KG Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik filed Critical Boart Longyear GmbH and Co KG Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik
Publication of EP0760901A1 publication Critical patent/EP0760901A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0760901B1 publication Critical patent/EP0760901B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
    • E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
    • E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
    • E21C35/1833—Multiple inserts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a holder for a extraction tool, in particular chisels for the cutting or peeling extraction of raw material or machining of rock, with a holder body having a pocket for receiving the extraction tool, which is firmly connected to a corresponding extraction or boring machine.
  • round or flat chisels are used on extraction or tunneling machines, which are fastened in pockets by appropriate holders.
  • these holders are subject to more or less severe wear. Since the holders are usually welded to a roller, drill or planer body, they can only be replaced with very great effort, particularly in underground coal mining. Since, in addition to the conventional holders, such holders with an integrated spraying device are also used in particular underground, wear of such very cost-intensive holders has a particularly disadvantageous effect.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of further developing and developing the above-mentioned holder for a extraction tool so that the wear of the holder body is minimized so as to extend its service life.
  • holders already in use can be equipped with appropriate wear protection.
  • a holder body in the region of its main wear tracks has a plurality of wear protection elements protruding from the holder body, which are fastened in recesses provided in the holder body.
  • the wear protection elements not only wear much more slowly than the material of the holder, but also counteract the direct attack of the minerals on the holder body by a certain cutting or shattering effect. This leads to a considerable extension of the holder service life and thus to a significantly longer service life of the cutting head, the cutting rollers or other devices on which the holders are attached.
  • Pins are particularly preferably used as wear protection elements, but the use of other geometric bodies, for example spherical wear protection elements, is also possible within the scope of the invention.
  • Pins made of hard metal or also of coated (for example with diamond) hard metal can be used as wear protection elements.
  • Such pins can have a cylindrical, polygonal, for example octagonal, or plate-shaped basic shape.
  • the wear protection elements can be soldered, shrunk in, pressed in, glued in or attached in some other way into the recesses, for example designed as bores. In this way, it is also possible to introduce wear protection elements from holders already connected to a mining machine.
  • the bores are arranged at a predetermined angle obliquely to the surface of the holder body. In this way - depending on the position of the holder body on the machine - the optimal wear protection for a holder body can be achieved.
  • the wear protection elements can be placed anywhere in the holder body.
  • the number and the exact position of the pins, balls etc. to be inserted depends on the position of the holder on the machine, since this determines the main wear plane and main wear direction.
  • the arrangement of the wear protection elements on the wear surfaces, viewed in the cutting direction is aligned or offset with respect to one another.
  • the wear protection elements on the holder body take place on one side, ie only on the right or left, or that the wear protection elements are arranged on both sides of the holder.
  • the holder according to the invention for a extraction tool consists first and foremost of a holder body 1 which is firmly connected to an extraction or boring machine, not shown.
  • the holder body 1 has a bore 2 for receiving a round shank chisel or the like, not shown. on.
  • a steel bushing 3 can also be provided in the bore 2 for receiving the chisel shank.
  • the holder body 1 now has a plurality of wear protection elements 4 protruding from the holder body 1 in the region of its main wear tracks.
  • the wear protection elements 4 shown can be designed as hard metal pins which have been introduced into recesses 5 in the holder body 1.
  • wear protection elements 4 can be adapted to the respective position on the extraction or tunneling machine, so wear protection elements 4 can be arranged on the wear surfaces of holder body 1 as seen in the cutting direction, in particular from FIG left half of Fig. 3 emerges.
  • wear protection elements 4 it is also possible for the wear protection elements 4 to be arranged offset on the wear surfaces of the holder body 1 in the cutting direction, as seen from the right-hand side in FIG. 3 emerges.
  • a combination of mutually aligned and mutually offset arrangement is also possible within the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a retainer for a winning tool, in particular a chisel bit jumper used to extract raw material by shearing or ploughing off or to cut rock, with a retainer body (1) that has a pocket to hold the winning tool and is connected to an appropriate winning or heading machine, the wear on the retainer body (1) being minimized to extend its service life in that the holder body (1) has, in the region of its principal wear tracks, a number of wear-protection elements (4) that project out from the retainer body (1) and that are fixed in recesses (5) provided in the retainer body (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Halter für ein Gewinnungswerkzeug, insbesondere Meißel für die schneidende oder schälende Gewinnung von Rohstoff oder Zerspanung von Gestein, mit einem eine Tasche zur Aufnahme des Gewinnungswerkzeugs aufweisenden Halterkörper, welcher fest mit einer entsprechenden Gewinnungs- bzw. Vortriebsmaschine verbunden ist.The invention relates to a holder for a extraction tool, in particular chisels for the cutting or peeling extraction of raw material or machining of rock, with a holder body having a pocket for receiving the extraction tool, which is firmly connected to a corresponding extraction or boring machine.

Für die Rohstoffgewinnung im Tunnelbau, Stollenbau und anderen verwandten Gebieten werden auf Gewinnungs- bzw. Vortriebsmaschinen Rund- bzw. Flachmeißel eingesetzt, welche in Taschen von entsprechenden Haltern befestigt werden. Diese Halter unterliegen - je nach Einsatz des Gewinnungswerkzeuges - einem mehr oder weniger starken Verschleiß. Da die Halter üblicherweise mit einem Walzen-, Bohr- oder Hobelkörper verschweißt sind, können diese - insbesondere im untertägigen Steinkohlebergbau - nur unter sehr hohem Aufwand ausgetauscht werden. Da neben den konventionellen Haltern insbesondere unter Tage auch solche Halter mit integrierter Bedüsungseinrichtung eingesetzt werden, wirkt sich ein Verschleiß solcher sehr kostenintensiver Halter besonders nachteilig aus.For the extraction of raw materials in tunnel construction, tunnel construction and other related areas, round or flat chisels are used on extraction or tunneling machines, which are fastened in pockets by appropriate holders. Depending on the use of the extraction tool, these holders are subject to more or less severe wear. Since the holders are usually welded to a roller, drill or planer body, they can only be replaced with very great effort, particularly in underground coal mining. Since, in addition to the conventional holders, such holders with an integrated spraying device are also used in particular underground, wear of such very cost-intensive holders has a particularly disadvantageous effect.

In der Vergangenheit sind eine Vielzahl von Versuchen gemacht worden, mittels Aufpanzerung von verschleißhemmenden Materialien die Standzeit der Halter zu verlängern, ohne dabei jedoch zu einem wirtschaftlich relevanten Erfolg zu kommen. Ein solcher Halter ist aus der AT-A-334 854 bekannt.In the past, a large number of attempts have been made to extend the service life of the holder by means of armouring of wear-resistant materials without, however, achieving economically relevant success. Such a holder is known from AT-A-334 854.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, den eingangs genannten und zuvor näher beschriebenen Halter für ein Gewinnungswerkzeug so weiterzubilden und auszugestalten, daß der Verschleiß des Halterkörpers minimiert wird, um so seine Standzeit zu verlängern. Insbesondere ist erwünscht, daß auch bereits im Einsatz befindliche Halter mit einem entsprechenden Verschleißschutz ausgestattet werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object of further developing and developing the above-mentioned holder for a extraction tool so that the wear of the holder body is minimized so as to extend its service life. In particular, it is desirable that holders already in use can be equipped with appropriate wear protection.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Halter gemäß Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, daß der Halterkörper im Bereich seiner Hauptverschleißbahnen eine Mehrzahl von aus dem Halterkörper herausstehenden Verschleißschutzelementen aufweist, welche in im Halterkörper vorgesehenen Ausnehmungen befestigt sind. Die Verschleißschutzelemente verschleißen nicht nur wesentlich langsamer als das Material des Halters, sondern wirken außerdem dem direkten Angriff der Mineralien auf den Halterkörper durch einen gewissen Schneid- bzw. Zertrümmerungseffekt entgegen. Dieses führt zu einer erheblichen Verlängerung der Halterstandzeit und damit zu einer deutlich längeren Nutzungsdauer des Schneidkopfes, der Schneidwalzen bzw. anderer Einrichtungen, auf welchen die Halter befestigt sind.This object is achieved in a holder according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the holder body in the region of its main wear tracks has a plurality of wear protection elements protruding from the holder body, which are fastened in recesses provided in the holder body. The wear protection elements not only wear much more slowly than the material of the holder, but also counteract the direct attack of the minerals on the holder body by a certain cutting or shattering effect. This leads to a considerable extension of the holder service life and thus to a significantly longer service life of the cutting head, the cutting rollers or other devices on which the holders are attached.

Besonders bevorzugt werden als Verschleißschutzelemente Stifte eingesetzt, doch ist auch die Verwendung anderer geometrischer Körper, beispielsweise kugelförmiger Verschleißschutzelemente im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich.Pins are particularly preferably used as wear protection elements, but the use of other geometric bodies, for example spherical wear protection elements, is also possible within the scope of the invention.

Als Verschleißschutzelemente können Stifte aus Hartmetall oder auch aus beschichtetem (beispielsweise mit Diamant) Hartmetall eingesetzt werden. Solche Stifte können eine zylindrische, vielkantige, beispielsweise achtkantige, oder plattenförmige Grundform aufweisen.Pins made of hard metal or also of coated (for example with diamond) hard metal can be used as wear protection elements. Such pins can have a cylindrical, polygonal, for example octagonal, or plate-shaped basic shape.

Die Verschleißschutzelemente können in die beispielsweise als Bohrungen ausgeführten Ausnehmungen eingelötet, eingeschrumpft, eingepreßt, eingeklebt oder auf andere Weise befestigt werden. Auf diese Weise ist auch eine nachträgliche Einbringung von Verschleißschutzelementen von bereits mit einer Gewinnungs- bzw. Vortriebsmaschine verbundenen Haltern möglich.The wear protection elements can be soldered, shrunk in, pressed in, glued in or attached in some other way into the recesses, for example designed as bores. In this way, it is also possible to introduce wear protection elements from holders already connected to a mining machine.

Nach einer weiteren Lehre der Erfindung sind die Bohrungen in einem vorgegebenen Winkel schräg zur Oberfläche des Halterkörpers angeordnet. Auf diese Weise kann - je nach Lage des Halterkörpers auf der Maschine - der optimale Verschleißschutz für einen Halterkörper erreicht werden.According to a further teaching of the invention, the bores are arranged at a predetermined angle obliquely to the surface of the holder body. In this way - depending on the position of the holder body on the machine - the optimal wear protection for a holder body can be achieved.

Die Verschleißschutzelemente können an jeder beliebigen Stelle in den Halterkörper eingebracht werden. Die Anzahl und die genaue Lage der einzubringenden Stifte, Kugeln etc. ist abhängig von der Stellung des Halters auf der Maschine, da hierdurch die Hauptverschleißebene und Hauptverschleißrichtung bestimmt werden. So ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, daß die Anordnung der Verschleißschutzelemente auf den Verschleißflächen in Schneidrichtung gesehen zueinander fluchtend oder aber gegeneinander versetzt erfolgt. Je nach Lage des Halters ist es ebenso möglich, daß die Verschleißschutzelemente auf dem Halterkörper einseitig, also nur rechts oder links, erfolgt, oder aber daß die Verschleißschutzelemente auf beiden Seiten des Halters angeordnet sind.The wear protection elements can be placed anywhere in the holder body. The number and the exact position of the pins, balls etc. to be inserted depends on the position of the holder on the machine, since this determines the main wear plane and main wear direction. Thus, it is possible within the scope of the invention that the arrangement of the wear protection elements on the wear surfaces, viewed in the cutting direction, is aligned or offset with respect to one another. Depending on the position of the holder, it is also possible that the wear protection elements on the holder body take place on one side, ie only on the right or left, or that the wear protection elements are arranged on both sides of the holder.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand einer lediglich ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Halter für ein Gewinnungswerkzeug in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 2
den Halter gemäß Fig. 1 in Draufsicht und
Fig. 3
den Halter gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 in einer Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles III in Fig. 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a drawing which represents only a preferred exemplary embodiment. Show in the drawing
Fig. 1
a holder according to the invention for a mining tool in side view,
Fig. 2
the holder of FIG. 1 in plan view and
Fig. 3
the holder according to Figures 1 and 2 in a view in the direction of arrow III in Fig. 2nd

Der erfindungsgemäße Halter für ein Gewinnungswerkzeug besteht zunächst und im wesentlichen aus einem Halterkörper 1, welcher fest mit einer nicht dargestellten Gewinnungs- bzw. Vortriebsmaschine verbunden ist. Im dargestellten und insoweit bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel weist der Halterkörper 1 eine Bohrung 2 zur Aufnahme eines nicht dargestellten Rundschaftmeißels od.dgl. auf. Dabei kann in der Bohrung 2 auch eine Stahlbuchse 3 zur Aufnahme des Meißelschaftes vorgesehen sein. Erfindungsgemäß weist nun der Halterkörper 1 im Bereich seiner Hauptverschleißbahnen eine Mehrzahl von aus dem Halterkörper 1 herausstehenden Verschleißschutzelementen 4 auf. Die dargestellten Verschleißschutzelemente 4 können dabei als Hartmetallstifte ausgebildet sein, welche in Ausnehmungen 5 im Halterkörper 1 eingebracht worden sind.The holder according to the invention for a extraction tool consists first and foremost of a holder body 1 which is firmly connected to an extraction or boring machine, not shown. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the holder body 1 has a bore 2 for receiving a round shank chisel or the like, not shown. on. A steel bushing 3 can also be provided in the bore 2 for receiving the chisel shank. According to the invention, the holder body 1 now has a plurality of wear protection elements 4 protruding from the holder body 1 in the region of its main wear tracks. The wear protection elements 4 shown can be designed as hard metal pins which have been introduced into recesses 5 in the holder body 1.

Es ist schnell ersichtlich, daß die Anordnung und Anzahl der Verschleißschutzelemente 4 der jeweiligen Position auf der Gewinnungs- bzw. Vortriebsmaschine angepaßt sein kann, so können die Verschleißschutzelemente 4 auf den Verschleißflächen des Halterkörpers 1 in Schneidrichtung gesehen zueinander fluchtend angeordnet sein, wie insbesondere aus der linken Hälfte von Fig. 3 hervorgeht. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, daß die Anordnung der Verschleißschutzelemente 4 auf den Verschleißflächen des Halterkörpers 1 in Schneidrichtung gesehen gegeneinander versetzt erfolgt, wie aus der rechten Seite in Fig. 3 hervorgeht. Selbstverständlich ist auch eine Kombination von zueinander fluchtender und gegeneinander versetzter Anordnung im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich.It can quickly be seen that the arrangement and number of wear protection elements 4 can be adapted to the respective position on the extraction or tunneling machine, so wear protection elements 4 can be arranged on the wear surfaces of holder body 1 as seen in the cutting direction, in particular from FIG left half of Fig. 3 emerges. However, it is also possible for the wear protection elements 4 to be arranged offset on the wear surfaces of the holder body 1 in the cutting direction, as seen from the right-hand side in FIG. 3 emerges. Of course, a combination of mutually aligned and mutually offset arrangement is also possible within the scope of the invention.

Claims (13)

  1. A retainer for an extraction tool, in particular a cutter for the cutting or peeling extraction of raw material or for chipping rock, with a retainer body having a pocket for receiving the extraction tool and being rigidly connected with a respective extraction or an advance working machine, characterized in that the retainer body (1) is provided in the zone of its main wearing courses with a plurality of wearing protection elements (4) which project from the retainer body (1) and are attached in recesses (5) provided in the retainer body (1).
  2. A retainer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that pins made from hard metal are provided as wearing protection elements (4).
  3. A retainer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that pins made from coated hard metal are provided as wearing protection elements (4).
  4. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are arranged in a cylindrical, multi-edged or plate-like manner.
  5. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are soldered into the recesses (5).
  6. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are shrunk into the recesses (5).
  7. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are pressed into the recesses (5).
  8. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are glued into the recesses (5).
  9. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the recesses (5) are arranged as bores and are provided inclined at a predetermined angle to the surface of the retainer body (1).
  10. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the arrangement of the wearing protection elements (4) on the wearing surfaces of the retainer body (1) is made in mutual alignment as seen in the cutting direction.
  11. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the arrangement of the wearing protection elements (4) on the wearing surfaces of the retainer body (1) is made mutually offset as seen in the cutting direction.
  12. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are arranged on one side on the retainer body (1).
  13. A retainer as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the wearing protection elements (4) are arranged on both sides on the retainer body (1).
EP95919426A 1994-05-07 1995-05-08 Retainer for a mining tool Expired - Lifetime EP0760901B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4416250A DE4416250C1 (en) 1994-05-07 1994-05-07 Holder for an extraction chisel
DE4416250 1994-05-07
PCT/EP1995/001739 WO1995030820A1 (en) 1994-05-07 1995-05-08 Retainer for a winning a tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0760901A1 EP0760901A1 (en) 1997-03-12
EP0760901B1 true EP0760901B1 (en) 1997-10-22

Family

ID=6517624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95919426A Expired - Lifetime EP0760901B1 (en) 1994-05-07 1995-05-08 Retainer for a mining tool

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0760901B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2526295A (en)
DE (2) DE4416250C1 (en)
PL (1) PL317097A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995030820A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19821147C2 (en) * 1998-05-12 2002-02-07 Betek Bergbau & Hartmetall Attack cutting tools
DE10247214B4 (en) 2002-10-10 2007-01-04 Friedrich Neher Milling device and method for road surface treatment
DE10335858A1 (en) * 2003-08-06 2005-03-03 Josef Rickert Chisel with a head and a shaft comprises a hard-metal insert which is glued into the cutout in the chisel head
GB201116414D0 (en) * 2011-09-23 2011-11-02 Element Six Holding Gmbh Pick tool assembly, method for making same and method for refurbishing same
DE102012101719A1 (en) 2012-03-01 2013-09-05 Wirtgen Gmbh toolholders

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778112A (en) * 1969-06-30 1973-12-11 Cincinnati Mine Machinery Co Anti-coring device for use with bit mounting means on mining, earth working and digging machines
US3834764A (en) * 1972-08-11 1974-09-10 Cincinnati Mine Machinery Co Core breaking means
AT334854B (en) * 1974-10-24 1977-02-10 Voest Ag CHISEL HOLDER FOR SCRAPING TOOLS
AT339234B (en) * 1975-10-29 1977-10-10 Voest Ag CHISEL HOLDER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF
DE2610734A1 (en) * 1976-03-13 1977-09-22 Krupp Gmbh TOOL EQUIPPED WITH CUTTING PINS AND DRIVE PINS FOR REMOVING ROCKS AND MINERALS
DE3339558A1 (en) * 1982-11-13 1985-05-09 Peters, Albert, 4000 Düsseldorf WINNING DEVICE WITH TURN-TIP CHISEL AND CLOSED CHISEL BAG
DE3926627A1 (en) * 1989-08-11 1991-02-14 Wahl Verschleiss Tech CHISEL OR SIMILAR TOOL FOR RAW MATERIAL EXTRACTION OR RECYCLING
DE4210955A1 (en) * 1992-04-02 1993-10-07 Verschleis Technik Dr Ing Hans Steel drill bit partially coated with wear resistant material having prolonged service life - has medium alloy steel base, wear resistant layer, hard pin in receiving hole in base

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL317097A1 (en) 1997-03-17
WO1995030820A1 (en) 1995-11-16
DE59500869D1 (en) 1997-11-27
AU2526295A (en) 1995-11-29
DE4416250C1 (en) 1995-11-23
EP0760901A1 (en) 1997-03-12

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