EP0698145B1 - Sleeper for rails of superstructure for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Proposed is a connector (16) between sections (12, 14) of a sleeper on which several rails are fixed and by means of which the sections are movable with respect to each other while maintaining, or substantially maintaining, the distance between the rails, the connector being mounted so that it is softer in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.

Description

The invention relates to a sleeper for rails of a superstructure for rail vehicles, in particular to a long sleeper for receiving sections of at least three rails with an intermediate layer, optionally arranged between the rail and the sleeper, which has damping properties, the sleeper consisting of at least two sections connected in this way are that the sections are movable relative to one another while maintaining or essentially maintaining the distance between the rails.

Outside the normal track of the track superstructure, in particular in switch or crossing areas or wherever several rails run close together, mono sleepers are generally used, on which sections of several rails running side by side are attached. Basically, there is an asymmetrical load, since, for example, rails in the wheel control or frog area are stiffer than others, so that there is less depression in particular with high dynamic loads. This has a negative impact on driving comfort.

When driving through corresponding track sections, the sleepers, which can be any, i.e. steel, concrete, wood or otherwise used sleepers, vibrate naturally, which can result in resonances that result in the substructure being changed like a ballast bed , which in turn causes the threshold and thus the rail to be lowered. However, this lowering does not take place uniformly over the length of the threshold, so that driving conditions that lead to hazards can occur.

DE 40 04 452 A1 discloses a method for the stable laying of at least three tracks which are laid at a short distance from one another. Over-long sleepers are used, which alternately hold a different number of rail tracks. According to DE 38 29 659 A1 prestressed concrete sleepers are coupled over their end areas receiving sleeves. According to DE 91 06 438 U1, Y sleepers are used to store rails.

From US 1,099,179 a threshold consisting of two sections is known, which are connected via a plate having spring properties. The plate starts from turned-over rail sections embedded in the sleeper sections.

A railroad track grating is known from DE 27 35 797 A1. The thresholds used can consist of interconnected sections. For this purpose, hook connections are provided, among other things, to enable the sections to be displaced vertically.

A pivot connection between threshold sections is known from DE-C 482 003.

The present invention is inter alia based on the problem of creating track-like conditions wherever, for example, where additional track components such as wheel links or frogs change the stiffness of the rails and / or a change in thresholds, particularly in relation to the depression, to create track-like conditions, i.e. on the one hand there is a constant depression for each of the rails arranged on a clamp and on the other hand it is ensured that track-like conditions prevail regardless of the static and dynamic loads. The latter means that the elastic behavior in the vertical direction is largely unchanged under static and dynamic loads. The invention is also based on the problem, in particular, of designing long sleepers in such a way that the vibrations generated in them do not lead to a change in the position of the sleepers, that is to say a permanent influence on the substructure.

The problem is essentially solved according to the invention in that the sections of the threshold are connected by a connection which is elastically supported in a softer manner than the sections in the vertical direction in the horizontal direction.

According to the invention, a threshold is divided into subsections with simultaneous decoupling of them in such a way that there is symmetrical behavior, that is to say in the areas in which on threshold sections there are several next to one another running rails are arranged, set track-like conditions.

Despite this decoupling, however, directional stability is ensured since the threshold sections continue to be connected to one another. However, the decoupling enables a relative movement in the vertical direction, the rail sections being able to be offset and / or inclined relative to one another depending on their loads. Decoupling and relative movement to one another takes place in such a way that the rails arranged on the sleeper sections each have essentially the same indentation numbers, that is to say show the symmetrical behavior already mentioned with static or dynamic loads. The same depression does not necessarily take place solely through the decoupled sleeper sections, but also through the possibly required intermediate layers between the rail and sleeper section, which are designed to be damping and resilient in the desired extent and required by the respective track conditions, without any adverse vibration behavior occurring. The damping of the respective intermediate layer depends on the vertical section modulus of the respective rails or the respective pair of rails. The intermediate layer can e.g. be arranged between the rail and the ribbed plate or between the latter and the threshold.

In particular, the connection comprises a plate, which in turn is connected to connecting elements that extend indirectly or directly from the threshold sections via elastic intermediate layers. The elastic intermediate layers can be elastomers, the characteristics of which are designed in such a way that there is little spring stiffness in the vertical direction, whereas there is high spring stiffness in the horizontal direction.

The connecting elements which hold the connecting plate elastically can consist of an upper section which has a cylindrical shape and is circumferentially surrounded by the elastic intermediate layer and a lower section of smaller diameter which is connected to one of the sleeper sections or one of the base plates. These approaches can be screwed into the base plate, pressed in or only used loosely. In the last proposed solution, however, an elastic intermediate layer should be present between the attachment and the base plate or the threshold section in order to rule out noise.

The plate securing the connection between the sleeper sections undergoes force introduction in the direction of the sleeper via at least one screw element, wherein an elastic support is present between the top of the plate and the screw element.

Since the connection plate is connected to the base plates via the connection elements, the connection plate / base plates units are secured via these screw elements.

In a further embodiment of the invention, each screw element can be surrounded by a sleeve which is preferably eccentrically formed in some areas, by means of which a change in the distance of the threshold sections is made possible.

The sleeve itself is surrounded at a distance from the connecting plate, whereas an elastic spacing element can be arranged between the sleeve and the base plates in order to also rule out noise.

However, the teaching according to the invention can also be implemented in that the connection comprises parallel plates, of which a sleeper-side plate connects the sleeper sections and is elastically supported both with respect to the sleeper sections and with sleeper-facing plates, each associated with a sleeper section. To fix the plates, these can also be penetrated by screw elements which introduce forces into the plates in the direction of the thresholds.

The screw element can in turn be surrounded by a sleeve which is elastically supported against the sleeper-side plate.

For elastic support between the plates or the sleeper-side plates and the sleeper sections, it is provided that cavities for receiving elastic inserts are present between mutually facing surfaces between the sleeper-side and away-facing plates or the sleeper sections. The elastic inserts can each start from a holder which extends a recess such as a bore in the sleeper-side plate.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention result not only from the claims, the features to be extracted from them - individually and / or in combination - but also from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment which can be seen from the drawing.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbindung zwischen Schwellenabschnitten,

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B in Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbindung zwischen Schwellenabschnitten,

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 4 und

Fig. 6

eine alternative Ausführungsform zu der der Fig. 3 zu entnehmenden.

Show it:

Fig. 1

2 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of a connection according to the invention between threshold sections,

Fig. 2

2 shows a section along the line AA in FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

2 shows a section along the line BB in FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

2 shows a plan view of part of a connection according to the invention between threshold sections,

Fig. 5

a section along the line VV in Fig. 4 and

Fig. 6

an alternative embodiment to that shown in FIG. 3.

1 shows a top view of a section from a connection between sections (12) and (14) of sleepers. The sleepers can be known embodiments such as wooden sleepers, concrete sleepers, iron sleepers or act similarly.

The connection of the sleeper sections (12) and (14) is intended to decouple them without any loss of directional stability of tracks which are fastened to the sleeper sections (12) and (14). However, the decoupling is intended to enable a relative movement in the vertical direction alone, without a noticeable change in distance. In other words, what connection should be given in the vertical direction, whereas in the horizontal direction it should preferably be a rigid connection.

In order to connect the threshold sections (12) and (14), a connecting plate (16) is provided which extends from the section (12) to the section (14). The connecting plate (16) in turn is based on connecting elements which are provided with the reference numerals (18), (20) and (22) by way of example.

The connecting elements (18) and (20) and (22) each start from a base plate (24) which is assigned to the threshold section (12) or (14).

2 shows that base plate which is assigned to section (12) and has reference number (24). It can be seen that the connecting elements (18) and (20) are connected to the base plate (24) via lugs (26) and (28). The lugs (26) and (28) and thus also the connecting elements (18) and (20) can be screwed or pressed to the base plate (24). There is also the possibility of inserting the lugs (26) and (28) into the base plate (24). In this case, however, the recesses in the base plate (24) should be lined with an elastic layer, or the shoulders (26) and (28) should be surrounded by such to prevent noise.

Above the base plate (24), cylindrical sections (30) and (32) of the connecting elements (18) and (20) extend, which each have a circumferential intermediate layer (34) and (36), which can consist of elastomers, with the connecting plate (16) are connected. The elastic intermediate layers can both on the cylindrical portion (30) and (32) and vulcanized to the connecting plate (16).

As illustrated in FIG. 3, both the base plate (24) and the connecting plate (16) are secured on the sleeper section (12) by means of a screw (38). The shaft (40) of the screw (38) is surrounded by a sleeve (42), which is optionally eccentrically formed, by means of which the base plate (24) and thus also the connecting plate (16) can be adjusted.

A spacer element (46) is provided below the screw head (44) and rests on an elastic ring (48), which in turn rests on the upper side (50) of the connecting plate (16). If the screw (38) is now tightened, the base plate (24) and the connecting plate (16) are secured, the connecting plate (14) being spaced apart from the sleeve (42).

The spacing between the connecting plate (16) and the base plates (24) takes place via the cylindrical section (30) or (32) of the connecting element (18) or (20), the underside of which rests flat on the base plate (24), such as 2 shows in particular.

The embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 in the type of connection between a connecting plate (50) and associated threshold sections (12) or threshold-facing plates (52), which in turn each one of the threshold sections assigned.

The connecting plate (50) is arranged on the threshold side and is elastically supported both with respect to the threshold section (12) and with respect to the plates (52) facing away from the threshold. For this purpose, elastic intermediate layers (54), (56) and (58), (60) are provided, which are arranged in cylindrical cavities (62), (64), (66) and (68), which are located between mutually facing surfaces of the threshold-side plate (50) and the plate facing away from the threshold (52) or between the preferably just formed top (70) of the threshold section (12) and the facing surface in the connecting plate (50) are present. The elastic intermediate layers (54), (56), (58), (60) are based on T-shaped brackets, one of which is provided with the reference number (72). A shoulder (74) of the holder (72) extends in bores (76) of the connecting plate (50).

The connecting plate (50) and the plates (52) facing away from the threshold are secured by means of screws (78), the shafts (80) of which are each surrounded by a sleeve (82), which can optionally be eccentric in order to shift the plates (50) longitudinally. and (52). 5 that the connecting plate (50) is supported with respect to the sleeve (82) and thus with respect to the screw (78) via an elastic intermediate layer (84), which may be on the intermediate plate (50) and / or the sleeve (82) can be vulcanized.

Fig. 6 represents an alternative to the sectional view of Fig. 3, which ensures that movement of the plates (16), (24) and the sleeve (42) does not lead to noise.

6, the base plate (24) and the connecting plate (16), a sleeve (84) surrounding the screw element (38) and the screw element (38) themselves form a unit. For this purpose, the sleeve (84) has a thread (86) in the upper area, onto which a cap (88) can be screwed, which forces into the connecting plate (16) and thus via the connecting elements (18) via the elastic ring (48). , (20), (22) introduces onto the base plate (24) in the direction of the threshold section (12).

The sleeve (84) can in turn be secured via the screw element (38) when the latter is tightened. Alternatively, there is the possibility of connecting the sleeve (84) to the plate (24), for example via a thread or a pin.

It should also be noted that the distance between the threshold sections (12) and (14) can be changed not only by means of an eccentrically designed sleeve, but also via the base plates (24) themselves. This is possible if the receptacles for the lugs (26) and (28) of the connecting elements (18) and (20) are introduced into recesses which are offset with respect to the center of the base plate (24) surrounding the screw element (38) . In a corresponding embodiment, the base plate (24) only needs to be rotated by 90 ° around the shaft (40) of the screw (38) in order to enable the distance between the threshold sections (12) and (14) to be changed.

Claims (17)

1. A sleeper for rails of a railroad track part for rolling stock, in particular a long sleeper for receiving sections of at least three rails with where necessary an intermediate layer disposed between rail and sleeper and having damping properties, said sleeper comprising at least two sections (12, 14) connected such that said sections are movable relative to one another while retaining or substantially retaining the spacing between said rails,
   wherein
   said sections (12, 14) of the sleeper are connected by a connection (16, 50) that is elastically mounted relative to the sections and more softly in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.
2. A sleeper according to Claim 1,
   wherein
   the connection comprises a plate (16) which in turn is connected via elastic intermediate layers (34, 36) to connecting elements (18, 20, 22) projecting indirectly or directly from the sleeper sections (12, 14).
3. A sleeper according to Claim 1 or Claim 2,
   wherein
   the connecting elements (18, 20, 22) project from sole plates (24) that in turn are connected to the sleeper sections (12, 14) preferably by bolt elements (78) securing the plate (16) connecting said sleeper sections (12, 14).
4. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
   wherein
   the connecting elements (18, 20, 22) each comprise an upper section (30, 32) having a cylindrical form and surrounded circumferentially by the elastic intermediate layer (34, 36) such as elastomer, and a lower section (26, 28) of smaller diameter connected to one of the sole plates (24).
5. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
   wherein
   the lower section (24, 26) of shoulder type of the connecting element (18, 20, 22) is bolted, pressed or inserted into the sole plate (24).
6. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
   wherein
   the plate (16) connecting the sleeper sections (14) is subjected via bolt elements (38) to a force introduced in the direction of the sleeper, with elastic support being provided between the upper side of said plate and said bolt element (38).
7. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
   wherein
   the bolt element (38) is surrounded by a sleeve (84) preferably eccentrically designed in some areas and using which a variable spacing capacity of the sleeper sections (12, 14) is provided.
8. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
   wherein
   the plate (16) securing the connection between the sleeper sections (12, 14) surrounds the sleeve (84) with a spacing.
9. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
   wherein
   the elastic intermediate layer (34, 36) on the plate (16) and/or on the upper section (30, 32) of the connecting element (18, 20,22) is vulcanized on.
10. A sleeper according to Claim 1 at least,
    wherein
    the connection comprises parallel plates (50, 52) of which one plate (50) on the sleeper side connects the sleeper sections (12) and is supported elastically in relation to both the sleeper sections and to plates (52) each associated with one of the sleeper sections and facing away from said sleeper.
11. A sleeper according to Claim 10 at least,
    wherein
    the plates (50, 52) are passed through by bolt elements (78) that introduce forces into said plates in the direction of the sleepers.
12. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
    wherein
    the bolt element (78) is surrounded by a sleeve (82) against which the plate (50) connecting the sleeper sections (12) is elastically supported.
13. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
    wherein
    between facing surfaces between the sleeper-side plate (50) and the plates (52) facing away from the sleeper chambers (62, 64) are provided for receiving elastic inserts (54, 58).
14. A sleeper according to Claim 13 at least,
    wherein
    the elastic inserts (54, 58) project from a holder (72) that extends into a recess such as a hole (76) in one of the plates, preferably the sleeper-side plate (50).
15. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
    wherein
    elastic inserts (56, 60) extend between facing surfaces of the sleeper-side plate (50) and the sleeper sections (12) and project in turn from a holder that extends section by section in a recess such as a hole in the sleeper-side plate (50).
16. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
    wherein
    a cap (88) is screwable onto a sleeve, via which cap a force in the direction of the sleeper section (12, 14) is directed into the connecting plate (16) and into the sole plate (24) connected therewith by the connecting elements (18, 20, 22), said sole plate in its turn resting on the sleeper section in flat contact.
17. A sleeper according to at least one of the preceding Claims,
    wherein
    the recesses receiving the connecting elements (18, 20, 22) in the sole plate (24) are assigned to a bolt element (38) securing said sole plate in such a way that when the latter is rotated by 90° or 180° a change in the spacing results between the sleeper sections (12, 14).

Images