EP0680060A1 - Transformateur rotatif - Google Patents
Transformateur rotatif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0680060A1 EP0680060A1 EP95105433A EP95105433A EP0680060A1 EP 0680060 A1 EP0680060 A1 EP 0680060A1 EP 95105433 A EP95105433 A EP 95105433A EP 95105433 A EP95105433 A EP 95105433A EP 0680060 A1 EP0680060 A1 EP 0680060A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- primary
- transformer
- coil
- stator
- rotor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/18—Rotary transformers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to transformers of the type having the primary and secondary coils disposed for relative rotation such as for example where one or the other of the coils is mounted to a stationary structure and the other coil is mounted on a shaft or tube disposed for rotation concentrically with respect to the stationary coil.
- rotary transformers have been employed for transmitting low level signals across a rotary junction for example in torque or rotary displacement transducers.
- Devices of this sort are employed for providing a low level position or strain indicating signal generally for measurement or providing a control signal and have not heretofore been employed where it was desired or necessary to transmit any significant amount of power across such a rotary junction in a non-contact arrangement.
- slip rings have the disadvantage that where an foreign matter can degrade the electrical contacting surfaces
- spirally wound ribbon conductors have the disadvantage of requiring an expensive link of conductive material and requiring complicated and difficult assembly procedures when the steering wheel is installed in the vehicle.
- a prior art transformer is indicated generally at 10 as having a rotatable shaft 12 disposed centrally within annular stator members 14,16.
- a plastic rotor 18 is attached to the rotating shaft 12.
- a stator member having a generally U-shaped configuration is denoted by reference numeral 20 and has a coil 28 wound on the inner surface of the outer leg thereof and has a second stator member 22 disposed axially adjacent thereto.
- Rotor 18 has a rotating coil 30 mounted thereon for rotation with respect to coil 28.
- the present invention provides a rotary transformer having annular stator and rotor magnetically permeable members having a generally U-shaped transverse section which has the legs of the U-shape interdigitated in an axial direction with the primary and secondary coils wound respectively on the adjacent legs of the U-shaped sections.
- the transformer of the present invention has the primary coil mounted on the radially outer periphery of the inner leg of the U-shaped stator member; and, the secondary or output coil is wound on the inner surface of the radially outer leg of the U-shaped rotor member.
- the transformer is particularly adapted for an automotive steering column application wherein the stator is mounted to the stationary column and the rotor is mounted to the steering shaft which passes therethrough.
- the transformer is designed by an iterative process which optimizes the turns ratio and the amount of iron or ferromagnetic material to provide relatively high efficiency in the frequency range 2-5 kHz.
- the transformer provides uniquely high power transmitting capabilities per unit of volume and per unit mass at the frequencies mentioned.
- the transformer of the present invention is particularly suitable for transmitting signals from user actuated control buttons mounted on a steering wheel, such as those for radio operation or cruise control functions across the rotary steering column-shaft junction.
- the transformer of the present invention is also uniquely suitable for transmitting power level signals at near saturation levels for firing an ignitor squib to inflate a vehicle occupant restraint airbag mounted on the vehicle steering wheel.
- the transformer of the present invention is indicated generally at 100 and has an annular ferromagnetic stator member 102 having a generally U-shaped configuration in cross-section with the radially outer leg having a slightly greater axial extent than the radially inner leg of the U-shape.
- An annular ferromagnetic rotor member 104 is disposed in concentric relationship with stator 102; and, rotor 104 has a generally U-shaped configuration in cross-section with the legs thereof interdigitated axially with the legs of the U-shape of stator 102.
- the outer leg 106 of the U-shape of the rotor is disposed closely spaced adjacent the outer leg 108 of the U-shaped stator; and, the inner leg 110 of the rotor is spaced closely adjacent the inner periphery of the inner leg 112 of the stator.
- a primary coil 114 is wound around the inner leg 112 of the stator; whereas, the output or secondary coil 116 is wound about the inner periphery of the outer leg 106 of the rotor.
- equation 1 is then solved for I 1 .
- equation 5. is then solved for ⁇ 2 .
- the expression for ⁇ 2 is then substituted into equation 6, which is solved for ⁇ 3 .
- equation 4 may then be solved for the secondary or output current 1 2 , by substituting for Z 2 from 2(a).
- V 2 the transformer secondary, or output voltage is determined by differentiating and substituting for
- the values of V 2 and 1 2 may be computed.
- the secondary coil load was assumed to have a purely resistive nature with a value of 2.5Q. (Ohms) such as would be encountered in an electric firing squib.
- N 1 was incremented from 10 to 100 turns of #20 AWG copper; and, N 2 was incremented from 10 to 100 turns of #20 AWG copper.
- the input voltage V 1 was assumed to be 5 volts peak (3.5 VRMS) sinusoidal and the frequency ⁇ of V 1 incremented from 100 Hz to 50 kHz.
- the primary current 11 is plotted as a function of the number of secondary turns N2 as a family of curves for the various incremented values of frequency in the range 100 Hz through 50 kHz. It is seen from the various plots in FIG. 8 that for a frequency of 2 kHz or above, optimum results are achieved with at least 40 turns N2 of a secondary coil.
- a frequency of 2 kHz was chosen for the assumed transformer configuration and equations 1-8 were employed to compute the primary current 11 for various incremented values of the primary coil turns N1 in the range 10-100.
- the results are plotted as a family of curves in FIG. 9. It is also seen from FIG. 9 that for a primary coil turn count N1 of 10, a secondary coil turn count N2 of 40 provides near optimum results with a sufficient margin below saturation.
- a transformer having the above described dimensions was built and determined to have an overall weight of 341 grams and a volume of 83.4 cubic centimeters with a 10 turn primary and 40 turn secondary.
- the transformer secondary was connected to 3.5 VRMS excitation on the primary coil and with a 2.5 ohm resistive load connected across the secondary coil, the transformer was operated at various primary voltage frequencies incremented from 100 to 5 kHz and the power output to the load measured.
- the transformer was found to be substantially saturated with the primary voltage having a frequency of 100 Hz and the saturation flux density was determined to be 4800 gauss with 48 volt amperes RMS applied to the primary. The volts amperes applied to the primary and the output power were measured and the values are indicated in Table 1.
- the values of the efficiency ratio for the transformer of the present invention are plotted for the incremented frequencies of the excitation voltage as the upper plot with the measured values indicated by the black squares.
- the values of efficiency ratio for the incremented excitation frequency of the input voltage are plotted as the lower plot with measured values indicated by the black diamonds in FIG. 10 for the prior art transformer. It will be seen from comparing the upper and lower plot of FIG. 10 that the efficiency of the transformer of the present invention in frequency ranging from 1-2 kHz is on the order of seven times the efficiency of the prior art transformer.
- the results of the computations of the output power of the transformer of FIG. 1 and FIG. 15 are presented in graphical form where the upper plot having the computed values shown in black squares represents the transformer of FIG. 1; whereas, the lower plot having the computed values illustrated in black diamonds represents the prior art transformer of FIG. 15. It will be apparent from FIG. 12 that the output power as a function of the volume of the transformer of FIG. 1 is three orders of magnitude greater than that of the prior art transformer of FIG. 15. For an excitation voltage of 5 volts peak or 3.5 volts RMS.
- the power output of the transformer of FIG. 1 has been computed by linear simulation analysis, at saturation flux densities for incremented values of frequency and plotted as watts per cubic centimeter volume as a function of frequency with the computed points shown as black squares in the upper plot of FIG. 13.
- the computed points are based on the data given in Table 1.
- the data for power output at saturation flux densities at incremented values of frequency was determined from Table 1 for the transformer of the present invention and plotted as a function of watts output per gram of transformer weight for the various incremented values of frequency which are indicated by black squares in the plot of FIG. 14. It will be seen by comparing FIG. 13 with FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 with FIG. 11 that the performance of the transformer of FIG. 1 is improved by driving the transformer to saturation.
- the present invention thus provides heretofore unobtainable power output and efficiency per unit volume and per unit mass of a rotary transformer.
- the transformer of the present invention employs a unique interdigitated stator and rotor iron and coils which employ a U-shaped transverse configuration to the stator and rotor iron enabling the substantially higher output over a broader spectrum of frequencies than has been heretofore obtainable.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Steering Controls (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23366594A | 1994-04-26 | 1994-04-26 | |
| US233665 | 1994-04-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0680060A1 true EP0680060A1 (fr) | 1995-11-02 |
Family
ID=22878191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95105433A Withdrawn EP0680060A1 (fr) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-04-11 | Transformateur rotatif |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0680060A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH0851041A (fr) |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000007283A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Moteur electrique, notamment alternateur triphase |
| EP1000812A2 (fr) | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-17 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Type de dispositif de transmission sans conducteurs |
| RU2168785C2 (ru) * | 1998-04-06 | 2001-06-10 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| RU2170971C2 (ru) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-07-20 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Сдвоенный аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| DE10025352A1 (de) * | 2000-05-23 | 2001-12-06 | Hilti Ag | Werkzeuggerät mit Ultraschalladapter |
| RU2216091C2 (ru) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-11-10 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Многофазный аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| DE10351117B3 (de) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-02-17 | Abb Research Ltd. | Drehtransformator |
| RU2256973C1 (ru) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-20 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| US7135981B1 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2006-11-14 | Teleflex Megatech Inc. | Fuel level variation detector for marine vehicle |
| US7405540B2 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2008-07-29 | Teleflex Megatech, Inc. | Secondary power supply system and method of activating subsystems from a vehicle steering wheel |
| US7525449B1 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2009-04-28 | Teleflex Megatech, Inc. | Status light for switch on boat steering wheel |
| WO2009147552A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-10 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Transformateur de puissance rotatif et portique de tomodensitométrie le comprenant |
| US7672759B1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2010-03-02 | Teleflex Megatech, Inc. | Communication with a steering wheel switch |
| WO2010105764A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-23 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transmetteur de rotation et machine synchrone à excitation indépendante |
| WO2012001309A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Cybernetix | Dispositif de connexion sans contact electrique permettant la transmission d'une puissance electrique triphasee |
| WO2012163919A3 (fr) * | 2011-05-30 | 2013-01-24 | Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Dispositif de soudure par ultrasons comprenant un coupleur rotatif |
| EP2688078A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-22 | Stichting Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaart Laboratorium | Alimentation et transfert de données sans contact |
| DE102014202719A1 (de) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-20 | Bmw Ag | Induktiver Drehübertrager für einen Elektromotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechendes Kopplerteil |
| RU2689121C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-05-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Многофазный фазочастотный трансформатор-регулятор |
| US11456115B2 (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2022-09-27 | Ntn Corporation | Electric transmission device in relatively rotating parts |
| WO2025011997A1 (fr) * | 2023-07-11 | 2025-01-16 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Réduction de pertes de cuivre dans des dispositifs excitateurs inductifs par guidage de flux intentionnel |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03260178A (ja) * | 1990-03-06 | 1991-11-20 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | 吸水保水性柔軟クロスの製造法 |
| JP3725177B2 (ja) | 1997-07-03 | 2005-12-07 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 分離型トランスと分離型トランスを用いた伝送制御装置 |
| US6512437B2 (en) | 1997-07-03 | 2003-01-28 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Isolation transformer |
| DE10046659A1 (de) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Induktiver Übertrager |
| JP2007208201A (ja) * | 2006-02-06 | 2007-08-16 | Nippon Soken Inc | 非接触型電力供給装置 |
| JP6710573B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-11 | 2020-06-17 | Ntn株式会社 | 相対回転部の電気伝送装置 |
| DE102019128928B3 (de) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-01-14 | Sick Ag | Sensor und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer induktiven Energieübertragungseinheit |
| WO2023011448A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. | Transformateurs de puissance et dispositifs médicaux |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2432982A (en) * | 1942-11-11 | 1947-12-23 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Inductive coupling |
| FR1595881A (fr) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-06-15 | ||
| FR2552260A1 (fr) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-03-22 | Erevansky Politekhn Insti | Transformateur annulaire rotatif monophase |
| DE3915188C1 (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-22 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Wireless interrogation and current supply method for switches - using capacitative and inductive elements corresp. to sec. winding of transformer |
-
1995
- 1995-04-11 EP EP95105433A patent/EP0680060A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-04-26 JP JP7125803A patent/JPH0851041A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2432982A (en) * | 1942-11-11 | 1947-12-23 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Inductive coupling |
| FR1595881A (fr) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-06-15 | ||
| FR2552260A1 (fr) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-03-22 | Erevansky Politekhn Insti | Transformateur annulaire rotatif monophase |
| DE3915188C1 (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-22 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Wireless interrogation and current supply method for switches - using capacitative and inductive elements corresp. to sec. winding of transformer |
Cited By (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2168785C2 (ru) * | 1998-04-06 | 2001-06-10 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| US6333581B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2001-12-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Alternator with exciting means arrangement |
| WO2000007283A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Moteur electrique, notamment alternateur triphase |
| EP1000812A2 (fr) | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-17 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Type de dispositif de transmission sans conducteurs |
| RU2170971C2 (ru) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-07-20 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Сдвоенный аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| DE10025352B4 (de) * | 2000-05-23 | 2007-09-20 | Hilti Ag | Werkzeuggerät mit einem Ultraschalladapter |
| DE10025352A1 (de) * | 2000-05-23 | 2001-12-06 | Hilti Ag | Werkzeuggerät mit Ultraschalladapter |
| EP1157752A3 (fr) * | 2000-05-23 | 2004-05-26 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Outil avec adapteur ultrason |
| RU2216091C2 (ru) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-11-10 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Многофазный аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| US7405540B2 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2008-07-29 | Teleflex Megatech, Inc. | Secondary power supply system and method of activating subsystems from a vehicle steering wheel |
| US7525449B1 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2009-04-28 | Teleflex Megatech, Inc. | Status light for switch on boat steering wheel |
| US7911307B2 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2011-03-22 | Abb Research Ltd | Rotary transformer |
| DE10351117B3 (de) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-02-17 | Abb Research Ltd. | Drehtransformator |
| RU2256973C1 (ru) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-20 | Кубанский государственный технологический университет | Аксиальный индукционный регулятор |
| US7672759B1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2010-03-02 | Teleflex Megatech, Inc. | Communication with a steering wheel switch |
| US7135981B1 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2006-11-14 | Teleflex Megatech Inc. | Fuel level variation detector for marine vehicle |
| WO2009147552A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-10 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Transformateur de puissance rotatif et portique de tomodensitométrie le comprenant |
| WO2010105764A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-23 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transmetteur de rotation et machine synchrone à excitation indépendante |
| WO2012001309A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Cybernetix | Dispositif de connexion sans contact electrique permettant la transmission d'une puissance electrique triphasee |
| FR2962251A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-06 | Cybernetix | Dispositif de connexion sans contact electrique permettant la transmission d'une puissance electrique |
| GB2495241A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-04-03 | Cybernetix | Connection device without electrical contact, allowing the transmission of three-phase electrical power |
| WO2012163919A3 (fr) * | 2011-05-30 | 2013-01-24 | Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Dispositif de soudure par ultrasons comprenant un coupleur rotatif |
| US8955574B2 (en) | 2011-05-30 | 2015-02-17 | Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ultrasonic welding device with rotary coupler |
| WO2014012943A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-23 | Stichting Nationaal Lucht- En Ruimtevaart Laboratorium | Transfert de puissance et de données sans contact |
| EP2688078A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-22 | Stichting Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaart Laboratorium | Alimentation et transfert de données sans contact |
| US9812255B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 | 2017-11-07 | Stichting Nationaal Lucht-En Ruimtevaart Laboratorium | Contactless power and data transfer |
| DE102014202719A1 (de) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-20 | Bmw Ag | Induktiver Drehübertrager für einen Elektromotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechendes Kopplerteil |
| DE102014202719B4 (de) | 2014-02-14 | 2024-09-26 | Bmw Ag | Induktiver Drehübertrager für einen Elektromotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechendes Kopplerteil |
| US11456115B2 (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2022-09-27 | Ntn Corporation | Electric transmission device in relatively rotating parts |
| RU2689121C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-05-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Многофазный фазочастотный трансформатор-регулятор |
| WO2025011997A1 (fr) * | 2023-07-11 | 2025-01-16 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Réduction de pertes de cuivre dans des dispositifs excitateurs inductifs par guidage de flux intentionnel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0851041A (ja) | 1996-02-20 |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18W | Application withdrawn |
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