EP0518003A1 - Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents
Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0518003A1 EP0518003A1 EP92104068A EP92104068A EP0518003A1 EP 0518003 A1 EP0518003 A1 EP 0518003A1 EP 92104068 A EP92104068 A EP 92104068A EP 92104068 A EP92104068 A EP 92104068A EP 0518003 A1 EP0518003 A1 EP 0518003A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polycaprolactone
- filaments
- spunbonded nonwoven
- biodegradable
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XRYVAQQLDYTHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Marini Chemical compound O1C=2C(CC(CC=C(C)C)C(C)=C)=C(O)C=C(O)C=2C(=O)CC1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1O XRYVAQQLDYTHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006113 non-polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
- D01F6/625—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/007—Addition polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spunbonded nonwoven fabric made of thermoplastic continuous filaments and a method for its production.
- Biodegradable nonwovens made from staple fibers are known: The use of viscose fibers is described in I. MARINI, General. Nonwovens Report (1986) Vol. 14, No. 4, 214 f.
- biodegradable fibers are natural fibers and natural fiber derivatives. Areas of application are disposable consumer goods such as Children's and incontinence diapers, bed pads, surgical gowns and surgical drapes and plasters.
- Biodegradable should be understood here and in the following to mean that the fiber or nonwoven material is completely destroyed by microorganisms. These microorganisms are bacteria and fungi that are present in the soil, among other things.
- a disadvantage of the known biodegradable nonwoven fabrics is the anisotropy inherent in all staple fiber products, which is particularly evident in the mechanical properties, e.g. the strength, disadvantageously noticeable: this is different in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and it is easy to see that this limits and makes the properties of use more difficult.
- Another criterion is the consolidation of the biodegradable short fibers, which usually has to be done with additional binders, since natural fibers are known to have no thermoplastic properties. Such binders are critical because of possible irritation on the skin or problems with wound tolerance; moreover, they are usually not biodegradable.
- spunbonded nonwovens made from continuous polymer filaments which have the same strength properties in all directions, are often more hygienic in use because of the smooth surface of the polymers and because of the thermoplastic properties, they can be easily connected to one another by heat, ie welded together.
- the production is described for example in DE-PS 31 51 322, the filament polymer being polypropylene.
- Endless polymer filaments as components of spunbonded nonwovens which are made from biodegradable polymers, e.g. thermoplastic cellulose derivatives exist, are not known to the applicant; this is due to the difficulties that these degradable polymers encounter in melt spinning: Just above the melting temperature, these polymers remain so viscous that they cannot be spun into filaments; if the temperature is increased further, decomposition usually occurs immediately.
- thermoplastic, biodegradable material forming the continuous filaments consists of at least 50% by weight of polycaprolactone, which has an average molecular weight of 35,000 to 70,000.
- This material alone already fulfills all the properties required in the task.
- the biodegradability of polycaprolactone has been known for a long time, but so far this material has only been used for the production of surgical sutures, ie relatively coarse yarns, the melted thread being quenched in water. This process has nothing in common with melt spinning technology.
- the polycaprolactone type mentioned can be processed on conventional melt spinning devices to form endless polymer threads, the process steps of melting, pumping to the nozzles, drawing and cooling by means of tempered air and laying down of the finished filaments, of course, within the scope of manual skill on the thermal properties of the polymer must be matched.
- a conventional melt spinning plant can be used in any case. It is essential that a finished, consolidated spunbonded nonwoven fabric is already present in the manufacturing process, after deposition, ie no subsequent consolidation step is required, for example by embossing rollers or the like.
- thermoplastic welding occurs automatically at the filament crossing points.
- thermoplastic fibers e.g. Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide or polyester
- polycaprolactone specified above in a proportion of at least 50% by weight in the filament-forming polymer allows subsequent thermal consolidation to be dispensed with.
- the filament material consists of the polycaprolactone mentioned. It is easily spinnable to form a continuous filament at 150 to 220 ° C, with no decomposition; furthermore, this material is stretchable after spinning out of the nozzles, a property that other biodegradable polymers do not have.
- the limits of the molecular weight are given by the fact that at smaller values the mass is too wax-like to be still spinnable and at molecular weights over 70,000 the material becomes brittle.
- thermoplastic polymers instead of the pure polycaprolactone.
- Biodegradable two-component systems in the above sense are those which contain polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate hydroxyvalerate copolymer, a polylactide or polyester urethane as the second polymer component.
- the materials of these second components are biodegradable, but cannot be spun as a pure substance or only with great technical effort. Only the combination with polycaprolactone makes the mass suitable for conventional melt spinning processes and solves the requirements mentioned in the task.
- All of the polymer mixtures mentioned and the pure polycaprolactone are easy to dye, have an extensibility of at least 50% and impart a textile character to the spunbonded nonwoven.
- covering fleeces for horticulture and agriculture covering fleeces for horticulture and agriculture; adhesion-promoting adhesive fleece and adhesive between polar and non-polar polymers, for example between polyethylene and polypropylene or polyester and polyamide; iron-on interlining nonwovens in the outer clothing area because of the anisotropic stretching property; technical applications in which permanent hydrophilic properties or antistatic properties are required, e.g. filter materials.
- Polycaprolactone with a melting point around 60 ° C and an MFI value (melt flow index) of 10 g / 10 min at 130 ° C / 2.16 kg is melted at an extruder temperature of 185 ° C.
- the melt temperature of the polymer melt is 203 ° C.
- the air required to stretch the polymer melt emerging from the spinnerets has a temperature of 50 ° C.
- the drawn continuous filaments are caught on a screen belt and wound up without further consolidation.
- the basis weight of the polycaprolactone spunbonded nonwoven is 22 g / m2.
- a polymer mixture of 90% polycaprolactone and 10% polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymer with an MFI value of 34 g / 10 min at 190 ° C / 2.16 kg is melted at 182 ° C.
- the polymer melt emerging from the spinnerets is stretched with air at a temperature of around 40 ° C.
- the drawn continuous filaments are caught on a conveyor belt and the nonwoven is wound up without further consolidation.
- the basis weight of the nonwoven is 23 g / m2.
- a polymer mixture of 75% polycaprolactone and 25% polyethylene is processed to a spunbonded nonwoven under the same conditions as described in Example 2.
- All spunbonded nonwovens of Examples 1 to 3 are suitable for use in hygiene products, e.g. as a diaper covering fleece, in agriculture as a mulch film, as an adhesive fleece for the production of textile laminates or for technical applications such as Filter materials.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.
- Biologisch abbaubare Faservliesstoffe, die aus Stapelfasern aufgebaut sind, sind bekannt: Dabei wird der Einsatz von Viskosefasern beschrieben in I. MARINI, Allg. Vliesstoff-Report (1986) Vol. 14, Nr. 4, 214 f.
- Diese biologisch abbaubaren Fasern sind Naturfasern und Naturfaserderivate. Anwendungsbereiche sind Einwegsgebrauchsgüter wie z.B. Kinder- und Inkontinenzwindeln, Bettenunterlagen, OP-Kittel und OP-Abdecktücher und Pflasterträger.
- Unter biologisch abbaubar soll hier und im folgenden verstanden werden, daß eine vollständige Zerstörung des Faser- bzw. Vliesstoff-Materials durch Mikroorganismen erfolgt. Diese Mikroorganismen sind Bakterien und Pilze, die u.a. im Erdreich vorhanden sind.
- Nachteilig bei den bekannten biologisch abbaubaren Faservliesstoffen ist die allen Stapelfaserprodukten eigene Anisotropie, was sich insbesondere in den mechanischen Eigenschaften, wie z.B. der Festigkeit, nachteilig bemerkbar macht: Diese ist in Längs- und Querrichtung unterschiedlich, und es ist leicht einzusehen, daß dadurch die Gebrauchseigenschaften eingeschränkt und erschwert werden. Ein weiteres Kriterium ist die Verfestigung der biologisch abbaubaren Kurzfasern, welche meist durch zusätzliche Bindemittel erfolgen muß, da Naturfasern bekanntermaßen keine thermoplastischen Eigenschaften besitzen. Solche Bindemittel sind kritisch wegen möglicherweise auftretender Irritationen auf der Haut oder Problemen der Wundverträglichkeit; zudem sind sie meistens biologisch nicht abbaubar.
- Oft wird man daher Spinnvliesstoffen aus Endlos-Polymerfilamenten den Vorzug geben, welche in allen Richtungen gleiche Festigkeitseigenschaften aufweisen, oftmals hygienischer im Gebrauch sind wegen der glatten Oberfläche der Polymeren und wegen der thermoplastischen Eigenschaften in einfacher Weise durch Hitze miteinander verbunden, d.h. verschweißt werden können. Die Herstellung ist z.B. beschrieben in DE-PS 31 51 322, wobei das Filament-Polymer Polypropylen ist.
- Endlos-Polymerfilamente als Bestandteile von Spinnvliesstoffen, welche aus biologisch abbaubaren Polymeren, z.B. thermoplastischen Cellulosederivaten, bestehen, sind der Anmelderin nicht bekannt; dies liegt an den Schwierigkeiten, die mit diesen abbaubaren Polymeren beim Schmelzspinnen auftreten: Knapp oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur bleiben diese Polymeren so viskos, daß sie nicht zu Filamenten spinnbar sind; erhöht man die Temperatur weiter, tritt meist sofort Zersetzung ein.
- Ausgehend von diesem Dilemma zwischen den Vor- und Nachteilen biologisch abbaubarer Stapelfaservliesstoffe aus Naturfasern, von der Unverrottbarkeit herkömmlicher Polymere für Spinnvliesstoffe sowie von der unzureichenden Hitzestabilität beim Verspinnen von biologisch abbaubaren Polymeren war es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Polymer-Endlosfilamenten anzugeben, wobei die Filamente biologisch abbaubar sowie in konventioneller Weise verspinnbar sind. Auf das Bindemittel soll bei der Verfestigung des Vliesstoffs verzichtet werden können, ferner sollen die Filamente anfärbbar und hydrophil sein.
- Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht in einem Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruchs. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und das Herstellungsverfahren sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.
- Allen Lösungsvarianten ist gemeinsam, daß das die Endlosfilamente bildende, thermoplastische, biologisch abbaubare Material zu mindestens 50 Gew.-% aus Polycaprolacton besteht, welches ein mittleres Molekulargewicht von 35000 bis 70000 aufweist. Dieser Werkstoff erfüllt bereits allein alle in der Aufgabenstellung geforderten Eigenschaften. Die biologische Abbaubarkeit von Polycaprolacton ist seit langem bekannt, jedoch wurde dieser Werkstoff bisher nur zur Herstellung von chirurgischem Nahtmaterial, also relativ groben Garnen, verwendet, wobei der erschmolzene Faden in Wasser abgeschreckt wurde. Dieses Verfahren hat mit der Technologie des Schmelzspinnens nichts gemein.
- Die genannte Polycaprolacton-Type ist an konventionellen Schmelzspinn-Vorrichtungen verarbeitbar zu endlosen Polymerfäden, wobei die Verfahrensschritte des Aufschmelzens, des Pumpens zu den Düsen, des Verstreckens und Abkühlens durch temperierte Luft sowie des Ablegens der fertigen Filamente selbstverständlich im Rahmen handwerklichen Könnens auf die thermischen Eigenschaften des Polymers abgestimmt werden müssen. Es kann jedoch in jedem Falle eine konventionelle Schmelzspinnanlage verwendet werden. Wesentlich ist, daß beim Herstellungsverfahren, nach dem Ablegen, bereits ein fertiger, verfestigter Spinnvliesstoff vorliegt, d.h., es braucht kein nachträglicher Verfestigungsschritt, z.B. durch Prägewalzen oder dergleichen, zu erfolgen. Durch einfache Optimierung der Schmelztemperatur und der Verstreckungsluft-Temperatur kann erreicht werden, daß zum Zeitpunkt des Ablegens der frischgesponnenen Filamente das Polymer sich noch im Zustand nicht abgeschlossener Kristallisation befindet, was zusammen mit der noch genügend hohen Oberflächentemperatur der Filamente zu einer solchen Klebrigkeit führt, daß eine thermoplastische Verschweißung an den Filament-Kreuzungspunkten von selbst auftritt.
- Dies ist deshalb überraschend, weil bei üblichen thermoplastischen Fasern, wie z.B. Polypropylen, Polyethylen, Polyamid oder Polyester, stets ein Verfestigen durch nachträgliches Erhitzen und Prägen notwendig ist; nur das oben spezifizierte Polycaprolacton in einem Mengenanteil von mindestens 50 Gew.-% im filamentbildenden Polymeren erlaubt den Verzicht auf eine nachträgliche thermische Verfestigung.
- Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe sowie den ebengenannten Vorteil erreicht man in einfacher Weise dadurch, daß das Filamentmaterial aus dem genannten Polycaprolacton besteht. Es ist leicht verspinnbar zu einem Endlosfilament bei 150 bis 220 °c, wobei keine Zersetzung eintritt; ferner ist dieser Werkstoff nach dem Ausspinnen aus den Düsen verstreckbar, eine Eigenschaft, die andere biologisch abbaubare Polymere nicht besitzen.
- Die Grenzen des Molekulargewichts sind dadurch gegeben, daß bei kleineren Werten die Masse zu wachsartig ist, um noch verspinnbar zu sein, und bei Molekulargewichten über 70 000 der Werkstoff spröde wird.
- Eine weitere Verbesserung des Spinnverhaltens und des sich Selbstverfestigens während der Ablage wird erreicht, in dem man anstelle des reinen Polycaprolactons dieses in Abmischung mit anderen thermoplastischen Polymeren verarbeitet. Man wird dabei zweikomponentigen Polymermischungen den Vorzug geben, wobei das Polycaprolacton zu mindestens 50 %, auf das Gesamtgewicht bezogen, vorhanden sein muß. Biologisch vollständig abbaubare Zweikomponenten-Systeme im obigen Sinne sind solche, die als zweite Polymerkomponente Polyhydroxybutyrat, Polyhydroxybutyrathydroxyvalerat-Copolymer, ein Polylactid oder Polyesterurethan enthalten. Die Werkstoffe dieser zweiten Komponenten sind zwar biologisch abbaubar, jedoch nicht oder nur mit großem technischen Aufwand als reiner Stoff verspinnbar. Erst die Kombination mit Polycaprolacton macht die Masse für konventionelle Schmelzspinnverfahren geeignet und löst die in der Aufgabenstellung genannten Anforderungen.
- Weiterhin wurde überraschend gefunden, daß konventionelle, spinnbare Polymere, wie Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyamid oder Polyester, in Mischung mit Polycaprolacton nach dem Verspinnen selbstverfestigend sind.
- Auch diese Werkstoffkombination löst damit die gestellte Aufgabe vollständig, insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf die Abbaubarkeit, da das entstehende Polymerengemisch sich überraschenderweise als zum größten Teil biologisch abbaubar erweist, im Gegensatz zu den reinen Polyolefinen, Polyamiden oder Polyestern, die in dieser Hinsicht ein inertes Verhalten zeigen.
- Alle genannten Polymermischungen sowie das reine Polycaprolacton sind leicht anfärbbar, besitzen eine Dehnbarkeit von mindestens 50 % und vermitteln dem Spinnvliesstoff einen textilen Charakter.
- Es ist möglich, die Flächengewichte des fertigen Spinnvliesstoffs nach Wunsch von 10 bis 120 g/m² zu variieren.
- Weitere Vorteile sind eine permanente Hydrophilie und dadurch ein antistatisches Verhalten.
- Als Anwendungsgebiete sind neben Hygiene und Medizin möglich: Abdeckvliese für Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft; haftvermittelndes Klebevlies und Adhäsiv zwischen polaren und unpolaren Polymeren, z.B. zwischen Polyethylen und Polypropylen oder Polyester und Polyamid; aufbügelbare Einlagevliesstoffe im Oberbekleidungsbereich wegen der anisotropen Dehnungseigenschaft; technische Anwendungen, in denen permanent hydrophile Eigenschaften oder antistatische Eigenschaften gefordert sind, z.B. Filtermaterialien.
- Polycaprolacton mit einem Schmelzpunkt um 60°C sowie einem MFI-Wert (melt flow index) von 10 g/10 min bei 130°C/2,16 kg wird bei einer Extrudertemperatur von 185°C aufgeschmolzen. Die Massetemperatur der Polymerschmelze beträgt 203°C. Die zur Verstreckung der aus den Spinndüsen austretenden Polymerschmelze benötigte Luft hat eine Temperatur von 50°C.
- Die verstreckten Endlosfilamente werden auf einem Siebband aufgefangen und ohne weitere Verfestigung aufgewickelt. Das Flächengewicht des Polycaprolacton-Spinnvliesstoffs beträgt 22 g/m².
- Eine Polymermischung aus 90 % Polycaprolacton und 10 % Polyhydroxybutyrat-Hydroxyvalerat-Copolymer mit einem MFI-Wert von 34 g/10 min bei 190°C/2,16 kg wird bei 182°C aufgeschmolzen. Die aus den Spinndüsen austretende Polymerschmelze wird mit Luft vertreckt, deren Temperatur um 40°C liegt. Die verstreckten Endlosfilamente werden auf einem Transportband aufgefangen und der Vliesstoff ohne weitere Verfestigung aufgewickelt. Das Flächengewicht des Vliesstoffs beträgt 23 g/m².
- Eine Polymermischung aus 75 % Polycaprolacton und 25 % Polyethylen wird unter den gleichen Bedingungen, wie in Beispiel 2 beschrieben, zu einem Spinnvliesstoff verarbeitet.
- Alle Spinnvliesstoffe der Beispiele 1 bis 3 eignen sich für Anwendungen in Hygieneprodukten, z.B. als Windelabdeckvliese, in der Landwirtschaft als Mulchfolie, als Klebevlies für die Herstellung von textilen Laminaten oder für technische Anwendungen, wie z.B. Filtermaterialien.
Claims (5)
- Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß deren Werkstoff zu mindestens 50 Gew.-% aus biologisch abbaubarem Polycaprolacton besteht, welches ein mittleres Molekulargewicht von 35000 bis 70000 aufweist, und daß die Einzelfilamente bindemittelfrei an ihren Kreuzungspunkten aneinander haften.
- Spinnvliesstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endlosfilamente zur Gänze aus Polycaprolacton bestehen.
- Spinnvliesstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endlosfilamente aus einer zweikomponentigen Polymerenmischung bestehen, wobei die eine Komponente das Polycaprolacton, die andere biologisch abbaubares Polyhydroxybutyrat, Polyhydroxybutyrat-hydroxyvalerat-Copolymer, ein Polylactid oder ein Polyesterurethan ist.
- Spinnvliesstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endlosfilamente aus einer zweikomponentigen Polymermischung bestehen, deren eine Komponente das Polycaprolacton, deren andere Komponente Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyamid oder ein Polyester ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spinnvliesstoffs nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, wobei das verwendete polymere Material oder die Materialmischung aufgeschmolzen, mittels Pumpen den Düsen zugeführt, durch die Düsen versponnen, durch temperierte Luft verstreckt und abgekühlt sowie als Filamente zu einem Spinnvlies abgelegt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Ablegen keinerlei zusätzlicher Verfestigungsschritt erfolgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4119455 | 1991-06-13 | ||
| DE4119455A DE4119455C1 (de) | 1991-06-13 | 1991-06-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0518003A1 true EP0518003A1 (de) | 1992-12-16 |
| EP0518003B1 EP0518003B1 (de) | 1996-05-08 |
Family
ID=6433825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92104068A Expired - Lifetime EP0518003B1 (de) | 1991-06-13 | 1992-03-10 | Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5466517A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0518003B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2579716B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE137816T1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9202227A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2071133C (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4119455C1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK0518003T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2088513T3 (de) |
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| WO1996008535A1 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
| WO1996021057A1 (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1996-07-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Dispersible compositions and articles and method of disposal for such compositions and articles |
| WO1997034953A1 (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-09-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
| EP0731198A3 (de) * | 1995-03-08 | 1998-12-02 | Unitika Ltd. | Vliesstoffe von biologisch abbaubaren Filamentfaden und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
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| DE69230175T2 (de) * | 1991-06-26 | 2000-04-27 | The Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati | Flüssigkeitsundurchlässige, biologisch abbaubare folien |
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| KR0125494B1 (ko) * | 1993-01-07 | 1997-12-24 | 타구치 케이타 | 바인더섬유 및 이 섬유를 사용한 부직포 |
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| KR101297937B1 (ko) | 2006-07-14 | 2013-08-19 | 킴벌리-클라크 월드와이드, 인크. | 부직 웹에 사용하기 위한 생분해성 지방족 폴리에스테르 |
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| US9091004B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2015-07-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable polylactic acid for use in nonwoven webs |
| WO2008073101A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable polylactic acids for use in forming fibers |
| WO2008073099A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable polyesters for use in forming fibers |
| BRPI0721925B1 (pt) * | 2007-08-22 | 2018-10-16 | Kimberly Clark Co | método para formar filamentos biodegradáveis e método para a formação de uma trama não tecida |
| CN101896649B (zh) * | 2007-12-13 | 2012-07-18 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 由包含聚乳酸和聚醚共聚物的热塑性组合物形成的生物可降解纤维 |
| MX2010013139A (es) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-03-04 | Kimberly Clark Worldwide Incorporated | Fibras de acido polilactico. |
| US8470222B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2013-06-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibers formed from a blend of a modified aliphatic-aromatic copolyester and thermoplastic starch |
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| FR3109162B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-14 | 2022-06-24 | Les Laboratoires Osteal Medical | Procédé de fabrication d’un structure textile non tissée |
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- 1992-03-10 DE DE59206211T patent/DE59206211D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-10 EP EP92104068A patent/EP0518003B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-10 AT AT92104068T patent/ATE137816T1/de active
- 1992-03-10 ES ES92104068T patent/ES2088513T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-12 JP JP4153270A patent/JP2579716B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1992-06-12 CA CA002071133A patent/CA2071133C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995033874A1 (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Degradable multilayer melt blown microfibers |
| WO1996008535A1 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
| WO1996021057A1 (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1996-07-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Dispersible compositions and articles and method of disposal for such compositions and articles |
| EP0731198A3 (de) * | 1995-03-08 | 1998-12-02 | Unitika Ltd. | Vliesstoffe von biologisch abbaubaren Filamentfaden und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| WO1997034953A1 (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-09-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2088513T3 (es) | 1996-08-16 |
| US5466517A (en) | 1995-11-14 |
| DE59206211D1 (de) | 1996-06-13 |
| JP2579716B2 (ja) | 1997-02-12 |
| DK0518003T3 (da) | 1996-09-09 |
| DE4119455C1 (de) | 1992-09-17 |
| EP0518003B1 (de) | 1996-05-08 |
| CA2071133C (en) | 1996-11-05 |
| ATE137816T1 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| BR9202227A (pt) | 1993-02-02 |
| JPH05195407A (ja) | 1993-08-03 |
| CA2071133A1 (en) | 1992-12-14 |
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