EP0509195B1 - Acoustic irradiation installation of an automobile - Google Patents
Acoustic irradiation installation of an automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0509195B1 EP0509195B1 EP92101688A EP92101688A EP0509195B1 EP 0509195 B1 EP0509195 B1 EP 0509195B1 EP 92101688 A EP92101688 A EP 92101688A EP 92101688 A EP92101688 A EP 92101688A EP 0509195 B1 EP0509195 B1 EP 0509195B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- loudspeakers
- area
- seats
- delay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation
- H04S5/02—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation of the pseudo four-channel type, e.g. in which rear channel signals are derived from two-channel stereo signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
- H04R2499/10—General applications
- H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sound system for a passenger car according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a stereophonic reproduction system for passenger compartments of motor vehicles with several loudspeakers is known from the document AT-B-379 275.
- At least two spaced-apart front loudspeakers are provided for the front seats, one of which serves to reproduce the left signal and the other to reproduce the right signal.
- a third front speaker is located approximately in the middle of the car, which is fed with a sum signal from the right and left channels.
- loudspeakers which are fed with an electrical difference signal which is formed from the signals of the right and left channel.
- the rear speakers are used to improve the spatial sound impression electronic delay units, e.g. B. bucket chain circuits upstream.
- the delay times are chosen so that the localization of the sound sources in the rear with the difference signals compared to the direct sound from the front speakers is apparently offset by 1.7 m to 7 m in depth.
- the reproduction of the low frequencies can be emitted either only from the front side loudspeakers, from the front middle loudspeaker or from a further middle rear loudspeaker.
- the emission of the low frequencies from the two rear speakers for the differential signal is disadvantageous. In this way, this known solution requires a great deal of effort in order to achieve sufficient streophonic sound with a complete signal in all places in the motor vehicle.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to set up a sound system according to the aforementioned principle so that the seats in the back seat of a car are not excessively loud when the sound of the front seats of the car is set to a comfortable volume for a person sitting there.
- the invention is based on the finding of the inventor that when the sound signals for sound reproduction in the area of the front seats of the passenger car are delayed by a certain amount of time, which is not yet perceptibly changing, compared to the corresponding sound signals reproduced by the loudspeakers in the area of the rear seats the level of sound radiation from the rear speakers can be reduced significantly, namely by about half. As a result, the listening experience in the rear seats also reaches a comfortable area for the people sitting there, without the hearing experience in the area of the front seats being reduced.
- These significant advantages achieved with the delay measures according to the invention require only an insignificant additional outlay in the sound system.
- a delay in the sound signals in the area of the front seats is required for a period of 3 to 15 milliseconds. In this time range of the delay, the greatest reduction in the sound radiation of the rear speakers can be set without reducing the sound reproduction.
- the outline 1 schematically denotes the outline of a car, which includes the front seats 2 and 3 for the driver of the car and the passenger and a rear seat 4.
- a sound system 5 is shown schematically with its essential circuit blocks.
- This sound system contains a sound reproduction device 6 as a sound source, to whose sound signal outputs 7R and 7L sound transmission lines 8 to 11 are connected to two loudspeakers 12 and 13 arranged in the area of the front seats and to two loudspeaker groups 14 and 15 arranged in the area of the rear seat 4.
- the sound reproduction device 6 can contain a tuner, not shown, which receives programs from a station to which the tuner is tuned and transmits them to the sound transmission lines.
- a cassette recorder 16 is also connected to the sound reproduction device 6, and the reproduced programs thereof can also be transmitted to the sound transmission lines 8 to 11.
- the sound transmission lines 9 and 11 to the loudspeakers 12 and 13 in the area of the front seats 2 and 3 each contain a sound amplifier 17 connected upstream of the loudspeaker and a delay arrangement 18 in the course of their line.
- a sound amplifier 19 is switched on, the gain factor of which is adjustable.
- the volume of the sound reproduction, in particular at the driver's seat 2 can be adjusted to a volume desired by the driver of the car by means of a volume control 20.
- the delay time Tv of the delay arrangements 18 is, for example, on an adjusting device 21
- Time amounts Tv of the audio signal delay can be set from 3 to 8 milliseconds.
- the delay arrangements 18 are set to such a time amount of the delay of the sound signals for the area of the front seats that the level of the radiation of the sound signals for the area of the rear seat 4 can be set to the lowest possible amount without the sound image of the sound reproduction in the interior of the car is diminished.
- a level can be set on the sound amplifiers 19 in the sound transmission lines 8 and 10 to the rear loudspeaker groups 14 and 15, which level is, for example, 10 to 15 dB below the output level of the amplifiers 17 in the sound transmission lines 9 and 11 to the loudspeakers 12 and 13 lies in the area of the front seats 2 and 3.
- the amplification of the sound amplifiers 19 in the transmission channels to the loudspeaker groups 14 and 15 in the area of the rear seat are set in the aforementioned case on the actuating devices 22 such that the level of sound radiation from the loudspeaker groups 14 and 15 in the area of the rear seat is a for the people in the back seat
- pleasant sound results when the driver of the car in the driver's seat 2 adjusts himself to a comfortable volume of sound reproduction in the car.
- a car equipped with such a sound system if the sound system is set accordingly, receives a balanced sound reproduction of a sound signal on all seats.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Stereophonic System (AREA)
- Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Beschallungsanordnung eines PKW nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a sound system for a passenger car according to the preamble of claim 1.
Es ist üblich, in Personenkraftwagen Beschallungsanordnungen zu installieren, die sowohl Lautsprecher im Bereich der Vordersitze als auch Lautsprecher im Bereich der Rücksitze des PKW enthalten, um damit für die Tonwiedergabe in dem PKW einen Raumeindruck zu erzielen. Um diesen Raumeindruck insbesondere im Bereich des Fahrers des PKW herzustellen, ist es erforderlich, den Abstrahlungspegel der Lautsprecher im Bereich der Rücksitze gegenüber dem Abstrahlungspegel der Lautsprecher im Bereich der vorderen Sitze des PKW anzuheben (beispielsweise um 3dB). Stellt der Fahrer des PKW die Lautstärke der Tonwiedergabe auf ein ihm angenehmes Maß ein, ist vielfach die Lautstärke der Tonwiedergabe aus den rückwärtigen Lautsprechern für Personen auf den Rücksitzen unangenehm laut und störend.It is customary to install public address systems in passenger cars which contain both loudspeakers in the area of the front seats and loudspeakers in the area of the rear seats of the car in order to achieve a spatial impression for the sound reproduction in the car. In order to create this spatial impression, particularly in the area of the driver of the car, it is necessary to raise the radiation level of the speakers in the area of the rear seats compared to the radiation level of the speakers in the area of the front seats of the car (for example by 3dB). If the driver of the car sets the volume of the sound reproduction to a comfortable level, the volume of the sound reproduction from the rear speakers is often uncomfortably loud and annoying for people in the rear seats.
Aus der Druckschrift AT-B-379 275 ist eine stereophone Wiedergabeanlage für Fahrgasträume von Kraftfahrzeugen mit mehreren Lautsprechern bekannt. Für die Vordersitze sind mindestens zwei voneinander distanzierte Frontlautsprecher vorgesehen, von welchen der eine Lautsprecher zum wiedergeben des linken Signals und der andere zum Wiedergeben des rechten Signals dient. Zwischen den beiden Frontlautsprechern ist etwa in der Mitte des Wagens ein dritter Frontlautsprecher angeordnet, der mit einem Summensignal aus dem rechten und linken Kanal gespeist wird. Im Heckbereich des Fahrgastraumes sind Lautsprecher angeordnet, die mit einem elektrischen Differenzsignal, das aus den Signalen des rechten und linken Kanals gebildet wird, gespeist werden. Zum Verbessern des räumlichen Schalleindrucks werden den Hecklautsprechern elektronische Verzögerungseinheiten, z. B. Eimerkettenschaltungen, vorgeschaltet. Die Verzögerungszeiten sind so gewählt, daß die Lokalisation der Schallquellen im Heck mit den Differenzsignalen gegenüber dem Direktschall von den Frontlautsprecher scheinbar um 1,7 m bis 7 m in die Tiefe versetzt wird. In der Beschreibung wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, daß die Wiedergabe der tiefen Frequenzen entweder nur von den vorderen seitlichen Lautsprechern, vom vorderen mittleren Lautsprecher oder von einem weiteren mittleren rückwärtigen Lautsprecher abgestrahlt werden kann. Die Abstrahlung der tiefen Frequenzen von den zwei seitlichen Hecklautsprechern für das Differenzsignal sei unvorteilhaft. Auf diese Weise benötigt diese bekannte Lösung einen sehr großen Aufwand, um auf allen Plätzen im Kraftfahrzeug eine hinreichende streophone Beschallung mit einem vollständigen Signal zu erzielen.A stereophonic reproduction system for passenger compartments of motor vehicles with several loudspeakers is known from the document AT-B-379 275. At least two spaced-apart front loudspeakers are provided for the front seats, one of which serves to reproduce the left signal and the other to reproduce the right signal. Between the two front speakers, a third front speaker is located approximately in the middle of the car, which is fed with a sum signal from the right and left channels. In the rear area of the passenger compartment there are loudspeakers which are fed with an electrical difference signal which is formed from the signals of the right and left channel. The rear speakers are used to improve the spatial sound impression electronic delay units, e.g. B. bucket chain circuits upstream. The delay times are chosen so that the localization of the sound sources in the rear with the difference signals compared to the direct sound from the front speakers is apparently offset by 1.7 m to 7 m in depth. In the description it is expressly pointed out that the reproduction of the low frequencies can be emitted either only from the front side loudspeakers, from the front middle loudspeaker or from a further middle rear loudspeaker. The emission of the low frequencies from the two rear speakers for the differential signal is disadvantageous. In this way, this known solution requires a great deal of effort in order to achieve sufficient streophonic sound with a complete signal in all places in the motor vehicle.
Von Nachteil ist, daß für entscheidende Schallkomponenten die Beschallung des Heckbereichs des Fahrgastraumes entweder über die Frontlautsprecher oder über einen weiteren mittleren Hecklautsprecher erfolgt. Damit werden bei dieser Lösung entweder die Sitzplätze der Vordersitze des Fahrgastraumes übermäßig laut beschallt oder es ist ein zusätzlicher Lautsprecheraufwand erforderlich, um eine für alle im Fahrgastraum sitzenden Personen angenehme Lautstärke einzustellen.It is disadvantageous that, for critical sound components, the rear area of the passenger compartment is sounded either via the front loudspeakers or via a further central rear loudspeaker. With this solution, either the seats in the front seats of the passenger compartment are sounded excessively loudly or additional loudspeaker expenditure is required in order to set a volume that is pleasant for all persons sitting in the passenger compartment.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Beschallungsanordnung nach dem eingangs genannten Prinzip so einzurichten, daß die Sitzplätze des Rücksitzes eines PKW nicht übermäßig laut beschallt werden, wenn die Beschallung der Vordersitze des PKW auf eine für eine dort sitzende Person angenehme Lautstärke eingestellt wird.The invention is therefore based on the object to set up a sound system according to the aforementioned principle so that the seats in the back seat of a car are not excessively loud when the sound of the front seats of the car is set to a comfortable volume for a person sitting there.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Der Erfindung liegt die Feststellung des Erfinders zugrunde, daß dann, wenn die Tonsignale für die Tonwiedergabe im Bereich der vorderen Sitze des PKW um einen bestimmten, das Klangbild noch nicht wahrnehmbar ändernden Zeitbetrag gegenüber den entsprechenden, mit den Lautsprechern im Bereich der Rücksitze wiedergegebenen Tonsignalen verzögert wird, der Pegel der Schallabstrahlung der rückwärtigen Lautsprecher wesentlich, nämlich etwa auf die Hälfte gesenkt werden kann. Dadurch gelangt das Hörerlebnis auf den Rücksitzen ebenfalls in einen angenehmen Bereich für die dort sitzenden Personen, ohne daß das Hörerlebnis im Bereich der Vordersitze geschmälert wird. Diese mit den Verzögerungsmaßnahmen gemaß der Erfindung erreichten wesentlichen Vorteile erfordern einen nur unwesentlichen zusätzlichen Aufwand in der Beschallungsanordnung. Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Verzögerung der Tonsignale im Bereich der Vordersitze für einen Zeitbetrag von 3 bis 15 Millisekunden erforderlich. In diesem Zeitbereich der Verzögerung kann ohne Minderung der Tonwiedergabe die größte Absenkung der Schallabstrahlung der rückwärtigen Lautsprecher eingestellt werden.The invention is based on the finding of the inventor that when the sound signals for sound reproduction in the area of the front seats of the passenger car are delayed by a certain amount of time, which is not yet perceptibly changing, compared to the corresponding sound signals reproduced by the loudspeakers in the area of the rear seats the level of sound radiation from the rear speakers can be reduced significantly, namely by about half. As a result, the listening experience in the rear seats also reaches a comfortable area for the people sitting there, without the hearing experience in the area of the front seats being reduced. These significant advantages achieved with the delay measures according to the invention require only an insignificant additional outlay in the sound system. According to the invention, a delay in the sound signals in the area of the front seats is required for a period of 3 to 15 milliseconds. In this time range of the delay, the greatest reduction in the sound radiation of the rear speakers can be set without reducing the sound reproduction.
Der Unteranspruch kennzeichnet eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung.The sub-claim characterizes an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert, das in der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung dargestellt ist.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an advantageous exemplary embodiment which is shown in the single figure of the drawing.
In der Zeichnung kennzeichnet die Umrißlinie 1 schematisch den Umriß eines PKW, der die Vordersitze 2 und 3 für den Lenker des PKW und den Beifahrer und einen Rücksitz 4 umfaßt. In diesen Umriß ist schematisch die installierte Anordnung einer Beschallungsanordnung 5 mit deren wesentlichen Schaltungsblöcken dargestellt. Diese Beschallungsanordnung enthält ein Tonwiedergabegerät 6 als Tonquelle, an dessen Tonsignalausgänge 7R und 7L Tonübertragungsleitungen 8 bis 11 an zwei im Bereich der Vordersitze angeordnete Lautsprecher 12 und 13 und an zwei im Bereich des Rücksitzes 4 angeordnete Lautsprechergruppen 14 und 15 angeschlossen sind. Das Tonwiedergabegerät 6 kann einen nicht näher dargestellten Tuner enthalten, der Sendungen eines Senders empfängt, auf den der Tuner eingestellt ist, und an die Tonübertragungsleitungen überträgt. An das Tonwiedergabegerät 6 ist außerdem ein Kassettenrecorder 16 angeschlossen, dessen wiedergegebene Sendungen ebenfalls auf die Tonübertragungsleitungen 8 bis 11 übertragen werden können. Die Tonübertragungsleitungen 9 und 11 zu den Lautsprechern 12 und 13 im Bereich der vorderen Sitze 2 und 3 enthalten je einen dem Lautsprecher vorgeschalteten Tonverstärker 17 und eine Verzögerungsanordnung 18 im Verlauf ihrer Leitung. In die Tonübertragungsleitungen 8 und 10 zu den Lautsprechergruppen 14 und 15 im Bereich des Rücksitzes 4 ist je ein Tonverstärker 19 eingeschaltet, dessen Verstärkungsfaktor einstellbar ist. Die Lautstärke der Tonwiedergabe, insbesondere am Fahrersitz 2 kann mittels eines Lautstärkestellers 20 auf eine vom Fahrer des PKW gewünschte Lautstärke eingestellt werden.In the drawing, the outline 1 schematically denotes the outline of a car, which includes the
Die Verzögerungszeit Tv der Verzögerungsanordnungen 18 ist an einer Stelleinrichtung 21 beispielsweise auf Zeitbeträge Tv der Tonsignalverzögerung von 3 bis 8 Millisekunden einstellbar. Die Verzögerungsanordnungen 18 sind auf einen derartigen Zeitbetrag der Verzögerung der Tonsignale für den Bereich der Vordersitze eingestellt, daß der Pegel der Abstrahlung der Tonsignale für den Bereich des Rücksitzes 4 auf einen geringstmöglichen Betrag eingestellt werden kann, ohne daß das Klangbild der Schallwiedergabe im Innenraum des PKW dadurch gemindert wird. Mit einer Stelleinrichtung 22 kann an den Tonverstärkern 19 in den Tonübertragungsleitungen 8 und 10 zu den rückwärtigen Lautsprechergruppen 14 und 15 ein Pegel eingestellt werden, der beispielsweise 10 bis 15 dB unter dem Ausgangspegel der Verstarker 17 in den Tonübertragungsleitungen 9 und 11 zu den Lautsprechern 12 und 13 im Bereich der Vordersitze 2 und 3 liegt. Die Verstärkung der Tonverstärker 19 in den Übertragungskanälen zu den Lautsprechergruppen 14 und 15 im Bereich des Rücksitzes sind im genannten Fall an den Stelleinrichtungen 22 derart eingestellt, daß der Pegel der Schallabstrahlung der Lautsprechergruppen 14 und 15 im Bereich des Rücksitzes ein für die Personen auf dem Rücksitz angenehmes Klangbild ergibt, wenn der Fahrer des PKW auf dem Fahrersitz 2 sich eine ihm genehme Lautstärke der Schallwiedergabe im PKW einstellt. Damit erhält ein mit einer derartigen Beschallungsanordnung ausgerüsteter PKW, wenn die Beschallungsanordnung dementsprechend eingestellt ist, eine auf allen Sitzen ausgewogene Schallwiedergabe eines Tonsignales.The delay time Tv of the
Claims (2)
- Acoustic system (5) for an automobile with:- loudspeakers (12, 13) arranged in the region of the front seats (2, 3) of the automobile- loudspeakers (14, 15) arranged in the region of the rear seats (4) of the automobile and- a sound-reproduction device (6) supplying the loudspeakers (12, 13, 14, 15) with sound signals and serving as sound source, whereby sound-transmission lines (8-11) leading to the loudspeakers (12, 13, 14, 15) arranged in the region of the front seats and in the region of the rear seats are connected to the two sound-signal outputs (7R, 7L) of said sound-reproduction device,whereby sound signals pertaining either to the right or to the left sound-signal output (7R, 7L) are supplied to one set of loudspeakers directly and to the other set via signal-delaying arrangements (18),
characterised in that each of the signal-delaying arrangements (18) is connected to one of the sound-signal transmission lines (9, 11) leading to the loudspeakers (12, 13) arranged in the region of the front seats (2, 3), whereby said signal-delaying arrangements delay the sound signals for reproduction in the region of the front seats (2, 3) of the automobile by a time (Tv) of 3 to 15 ms in relation to the corresponding sound signals reproduced directly by the loudspeakers (14, 15) in the region of the rear seats (4). - Acoustic system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the signal-delaying arrangement (18) is capable of being adjusted and/or switched off.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4105303A DE4105303A1 (en) | 1991-02-20 | 1991-02-20 | SOUND ARRANGEMENT OF A CAR |
| DE4105303 | 1991-02-20 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0509195A2 EP0509195A2 (en) | 1992-10-21 |
| EP0509195A3 EP0509195A3 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
| EP0509195B1 true EP0509195B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
Family
ID=6425496
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92101688A Expired - Lifetime EP0509195B1 (en) | 1991-02-20 | 1992-02-01 | Acoustic irradiation installation of an automobile |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0509195B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE116090T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4105303A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4447269C1 (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1996-02-01 | Stefan Dipl Ing Richt | Frequency filter for multi-path loudspeaker systems with enhanced phase characteristic |
| JP6984559B2 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-12-22 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Sound collecting loudspeaker, its method, and program |
| CN121284445A (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2026-01-06 | 深圳引望智能技术有限公司 | Sound generating device, headrest system, seat and vehicle |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH620036A5 (en) * | 1978-01-26 | 1980-10-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Liquid-crystal display device and use of the device as an oscillograph |
| DE2937011A1 (en) * | 1979-09-13 | 1981-04-02 | Blaupunkt-Werke Gmbh, 3200 Hildesheim | Separate volume control for loudspeakers in vehicle - has parallel load resistor and double wiper potentiometer across each speaker unit for constant impedance non-interacting adjustment |
| DD145985A1 (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1981-01-14 | Frank Steffen | ARRANGEMENT FOR CENTRALIZED SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION BY A LARGE SPEAKER SYSTEM |
| AT379275B (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1985-12-10 | Neutrik Ag | STEREOPHONE PLAYBACK IN VEHICLE ROOMS OF MOTOR VEHICLES |
| JPS61210800A (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1986-09-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Sound reproducing device |
| US4764960A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-08-16 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Stereo reproduction system |
-
1991
- 1991-02-20 DE DE4105303A patent/DE4105303A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-02-01 EP EP92101688A patent/EP0509195B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-01 AT AT92101688T patent/ATE116090T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-02-01 DE DE59201002T patent/DE59201002D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0509195A3 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
| ATE116090T1 (en) | 1995-01-15 |
| DE59201002D1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
| EP0509195A2 (en) | 1992-10-21 |
| DE4105303A1 (en) | 1992-08-27 |
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