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EP0588179A1 - Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande - Google Patents

Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588179A1
EP0588179A1 EP93114114A EP93114114A EP0588179A1 EP 0588179 A1 EP0588179 A1 EP 0588179A1 EP 93114114 A EP93114114 A EP 93114114A EP 93114114 A EP93114114 A EP 93114114A EP 0588179 A1 EP0588179 A1 EP 0588179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit arrangement
antenna
oscillator
mixer
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93114114A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0588179B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig
Bernhard Dipl.-Ing. Schweizer
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Reber
Heinz-Peter Dr. Feldle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Aerospace AG
Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Aerospace AG, Daimler Benz Aerospace AG filed Critical Deutsche Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0588179A1 publication Critical patent/EP0588179A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0588179B1 publication Critical patent/EP0588179B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/42—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means using frequency-mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating a broadband phase-controlled group antenna according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a phase-controlled group antenna consists of a plurality of individual antennas, generally arranged in a matrix, which are designed as transmitting and / or receiving antennas. If, for example, a common transmission signal is now applied to these individual antennas, the direction of the transmission signal (transmission lobe) emitted by the group antenna depends on the electrical phase differences set between the individual antennas. The same applies to the so-called receiving lobe of the group antenna when receiving electromagnetic signals.
  • the transmitting and / or receiving lobe pivotable In some applications, e.g. in directional radio and / or radar technology, it is necessary to make the transmitting and / or receiving lobe pivotable. The necessary change in the phase differences is carried out with adjustable phase actuators. Furthermore, it is often necessary to design the group antenna as broadband as possible so that transmission and / or reception band can be transmitted and / or received in the broadest possible range.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a generic circuit arrangement which makes it possible to use a phase actuator which is inexpensive to produce and precisely adjustable to produce the widest possible group antenna with a transmitting and / or receiving lobe which can be pivoted with high precision.
  • a first advantage of the invention is that a phase actuator is used which is essentially tuned to a frequency.
  • Such a phase actuator can be produced inexpensively and reliably, especially in industrial mass production, and has a high phase and amplitude accuracy in a reproducible manner.
  • a second advantage consists in the fact that when the phase adjusting element is adjusted, any changes in amplitude that may occur bring about negligible changes in the transmitting and / or receiving lobe.
  • a third advantage is that the transmission and / or reception lobe (directional characteristic) of the group antenna can be set with high precision and with a high main to secondary lobe ratio, and that this setting is retained essentially over the entire swiveling range of the transmission and / or reception lobe.
  • a fourth advantage is that several transmitting and / or receiving lobes can be pivoted independently of one another with a single group antenna.
  • FIG. 1 shows a proposed circuit arrangement which works with a broadband phase actuator, which can be produced using monolithic technology and which is particularly suitable for operating an active (transmitting and / or Receiving) single antenna is suitable.
  • an active individual antenna consists of a passive transmitting and / or receiving individual antenna which is tuned to the frequency band to be transmitted and / or received, for example the frequency range from 11 GHz to 13 GHz.
  • a transmitting and / or receiving amplifier is coupled to these in the immediate vicinity.
  • Such an active individual antenna given as an example, can be connected to the input / output port designated P4 below.
  • a signal to be transmitted in a first intermediate frequency range e.g. has a center frequency of 3 GHz and a bandwidth of 2 GHz.
  • This intermediate frequency signal passes through an adapted bandpass filter BPZF to an input of a first mixer M1, which e.g. as a bidirectional mixer, e.g. is designed as a diode mixer.
  • a first mixer M1 which e.g. as a bidirectional mixer, e.g. is designed as a diode mixer.
  • an oscillator signal generated by an oscillator OSC which e.g. has a frequency of 9 GHz.
  • a so-called upward mixing takes place in the first mixer M1, so that a signal is generated in the first intermediate frequency range already mentioned.
  • This signal arrives at the input / output port P4 already mentioned via a further bandpass filter BPA and a phase actuator PH and can be connected to an active individual antenna.
  • the oscillator signal is made available to further transmission / reception modules via a branch VER, so that phase coherence is ensured. This is shown in FIG. 1 represented by the connecting lines starting from the branch VER.
  • the circuit arrangement can also be used in the reverse direction, that is to say that a received signal present at the input / output port P4 is converted into the first intermediate frequency range by a so-called downmixing in the first mixer M1 and is then at the input / output port P1 for further processing at.
  • phase actuator PH must be very broadband, that is to say it must encompass at least the entire frequency range of the transmission or reception frequency.
  • a high amplitude and phase accuracy should be achieved when adjusting the phase actuator PH.
  • these requirements can only be met at high cost and require a large amount of circuitry and space for the phase actuator PH.
  • a high expenditure for the calibration i.e. the compensation of possible phase and amplitude errors in the individual modules is necessary.
  • phase actuator PH is arranged in the oscillator path.
  • An amplifier V connected downstream of the phase control element PH is only used for impedance matching and / or for decoupling the signals and for generating the power required to control the mixer M1.
  • Phase actuator advantageously only needs to be tuned to one frequency, namely the oscillator frequency.
  • Such a phase actuator PH can be used, for example, as a switchable filter structure according to FIG. 5 be formed.
  • Such a phase actuator necessarily has at least a phase shift of 360 °.
  • any changes in the amplitude of the amplitude of the oscillator signal that may occur during a phase adjustment have a negligible effect at all, since an amplitude limitation is necessarily present in the first mixer M1 during the mixing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement in which no phase actuator PH corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 5 is required in the oscillator path.
  • the oscillator signal supplied to the first mixer M1 is also generated by mixing.
  • a signal is generated in the oscillator OSC, for example with a frequency of 6 GHz.
  • This is fed to a first input of a second mixer M2, which is also a diode mixer, for example.
  • the signal of the oscillator OSC is also made available to all other active transmit / receive modules, so that phase coherence is ensured.
  • the synthesizer DDS generates a signal, for example at a fixed frequency of 3 GHz, which is coupled to the frequency and the phase of a signal emitted by a reference oscillator REF. This signal is common to all S / E modules (coherence).
  • the output signal generated by the synthesizer DDS is applied to a second input of the second mixer M2.
  • the actual oscillator signal is then generated at its output, which has a frequency of 9 GHz, for example. Because of this mixture, this is the actual oscillator signal within a wide range of frequencies, for example from 8 GHz to 10 GHz, as well as in the phase position, can be changed with high precision.
  • This actual oscillator signal is then fed to the first mixer M1 via a bandpass filter BPOS and a (driver) amplifier V.
  • the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 advantageously enables a precisely repeatable and rapid setting of the frequency and phase position of the actual oscillator signal, e.g. with the help of a data processing system (microprocessor), not shown, through which e.g. the synthesizer DDS and the oscillator OSC is adjusted.
  • a data processing system microprocessor
  • a quick change in the frequency of the actual oscillator signal is possible, e.g. a so-called multi-beam operation in time-division multiplex operation is possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary circuit arrangement for driving a single (active) individual antenna EA with, for example, three different intermediate frequency signals ZF1 to ZF3, which differ in their center frequency and which are present at the inputs P1 to P3.
  • These intermediate frequency signals pass via associated bandpass filters BPZF 1 to BPZF 3 to first inputs of the first mixers M11 to M13.
  • Oscillator signals OS 1 to OS 3 which are derived from the output signal of a single oscillator OSC, are now present at their second inputs (oscillator inputs).
  • the oscillator signals OS 1 to OS 3 therefore all have the same frequency, but different phase positions, which can be set by the phase actuators PH 1 to PH 3.
  • the amplifiers V 1 to V 3 serve, according to FIG.
  • the output signals of the first mixers M 11 to M 13 pass via associated bandpasses BPA 1 to BPA 3 to a coupling element KO, for example a branching arrangement consisting of several couplers.
  • the individual antenna EA is connected to its output P4.
  • the circuit arrangement described thus consists of a coupling of several, here three, circuit arrangements according to FIG. 2 to a single antenna EA. If several individual antennas controlled in this way are now combined to form a group antenna mentioned at the outset, this can advantageously be operated simultaneously with three different transmitting and / or receiving lobes. These are advantageously completely independent of one another and can therefore e.g. Send and / or receive in three different directions simultaneously. In this case, it is only necessary to set the phase actuators once.
  • Such a group antenna is e.g. can be used as a directional radio antenna, with which simultaneous transmission and / or reception can take place independently in three different fixed directions, provided the first mixers M 11 to M 13 are designed as bidirectional mixers.
  • the decentralized arrangement that is to say one digital synthesizer per individual antenna, advantageously advantageously simplifies further signal processing, in particular that of the received signal.
  • the existing otherwise very complex signal processor can be replaced by a less expensive version.
  • the exemplary embodiments described enable an advantageous frequency conversion to a lower IF frequency position, for example 3 GHz, in particular in the case of radar systems operating at high frequencies, for example 12 GHz, in the immediate vicinity of a (single) antenna.
  • This greatly simplifies further signal processing, for example processing of transmit and / or receive signals, because disruptive effects of possibly existing phase errors occur at most in a negligible form.
  • the low IF frequency position it is advantageously possible to manufacture the signal processing system mentioned more cost-effectively, since the components and assemblies required are more cost-effective.
  • circuit arrangements can advantageously be integrated monolithically on a chip, so that spatially compact and mechanically robust structural units can be produced which work reliably and reproducibly.
  • FIG. 5 shows exemplary embodiments for a phase actuator PH (FIG. 2, FIG. 4) which is suitable for a frequency of 5 GHz to 6 GHz and a phase shift of 360 ° and which can also be integrated monolithically.
  • the exemplary embodiments show switched filter structures (left part of FIG. 5) which contain field effect transistors and can therefore be used both as high-pass HP and as low-pass LP. The switching is carried out by switching voltages U1, U2. In the right part of FIG. 5 the associated functional principles are shown.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be applied analogously to others.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP93114114A 1992-09-10 1993-09-03 Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande Expired - Lifetime EP0588179B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4230252 1992-09-10
DE4230252A DE4230252A1 (de) 1992-09-10 1992-09-10 Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer breitbandigen phasengesteuerten Gruppenantenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0588179A1 true EP0588179A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
EP0588179B1 EP0588179B1 (fr) 1999-01-27

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EP93114114A Expired - Lifetime EP0588179B1 (fr) 1992-09-10 1993-09-03 Dispositif pour mettre en service un réseau d'antennes à commande de phase à large bande

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EP (1) EP0588179B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4230252A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5142650A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-08-25 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Bottom electrode for a direct current arc furnace
US6198458B1 (en) 1994-11-04 2001-03-06 Deltec Telesystems International Limited Antenna control system
US6573875B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2003-06-03 Andrew Corporation Antenna system
US6677896B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-01-13 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Remote tilt antenna system
US7031751B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2006-04-18 Kathrein-Werke Kg Control device for adjusting a different slope angle, especially of a mobile radio antenna associated with a base station, and corresponding antenna and corresponding method for modifying the slope angle
US7557675B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2009-07-07 Radiacion Y Microondas, S.A. Broad band mechanical phase shifter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10130764C1 (de) * 2001-06-26 2002-11-07 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Integrierte HF-Schaltung zur Amplitudenbeeinflussung von Signalen

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750175A (en) * 1967-12-14 1973-07-31 Texas Instruments Inc Modular electronics communication system
US4749995A (en) * 1985-02-26 1988-06-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Phased array radar antenna system
EP0359238A2 (fr) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-21 Nec Corporation Réseau d'antennes avec des unités à circuits intégrés à conversion de fréquence intermédiaire connectant les éléments d'antenne avec un réunificateur de signaux
US4951060A (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Dual frequency transmit-receive module for an active aperture radar system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750175A (en) * 1967-12-14 1973-07-31 Texas Instruments Inc Modular electronics communication system
US4749995A (en) * 1985-02-26 1988-06-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Phased array radar antenna system
EP0359238A2 (fr) * 1988-09-13 1990-03-21 Nec Corporation Réseau d'antennes avec des unités à circuits intégrés à conversion de fréquence intermédiaire connectant les éléments d'antenne avec un réunificateur de signaux
US4951060A (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Dual frequency transmit-receive module for an active aperture radar system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INAMORI ET AL.: "A 2GHz DOWN CONVERTER IC FABRICATED BY AN ADVANCED Si BIPOLAR PROCESS (DNP-III)", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, vol. 36, no. 3, August 1990 (1990-08-01), NEW YORK US, pages 707 - 711 *
TANG ET AL.: "Array Technology", PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, vol. 80, no. 1, January 1992 (1992-01-01), NEW YORK US, pages 173 - 182 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5142650A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-08-25 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Bottom electrode for a direct current arc furnace
US6590546B2 (en) 1994-11-04 2003-07-08 Andrew Corporation Antenna control system
US6346924B1 (en) 1994-11-04 2002-02-12 Andrew Corporation Antenna control system
US6538619B2 (en) 1994-11-04 2003-03-25 Andrew Corporation Antenna control system
US6567051B2 (en) 1994-11-04 2003-05-20 Andrew Corporation Antenna control system
US6198458B1 (en) 1994-11-04 2001-03-06 Deltec Telesystems International Limited Antenna control system
US6600457B2 (en) 1994-11-04 2003-07-29 Andrew Corporation Antenna control system
US6603436B2 (en) 1994-11-04 2003-08-05 Andrew Corporation Antenna control system
US8558739B2 (en) 1994-11-04 2013-10-15 Andrew Llc Antenna control system
US6677896B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-01-13 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Remote tilt antenna system
US7031751B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2006-04-18 Kathrein-Werke Kg Control device for adjusting a different slope angle, especially of a mobile radio antenna associated with a base station, and corresponding antenna and corresponding method for modifying the slope angle
US6573875B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2003-06-03 Andrew Corporation Antenna system
US6987487B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2006-01-17 Andrew Corporation Antenna system
US7557675B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2009-07-07 Radiacion Y Microondas, S.A. Broad band mechanical phase shifter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0588179B1 (fr) 1999-01-27
DE4230252A1 (de) 1994-03-17
DE59309339D1 (de) 1999-03-11

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