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EP0584661B1 - Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584661B1
EP0584661B1 EP19930112919 EP93112919A EP0584661B1 EP 0584661 B1 EP0584661 B1 EP 0584661B1 EP 19930112919 EP19930112919 EP 19930112919 EP 93112919 A EP93112919 A EP 93112919A EP 0584661 B1 EP0584661 B1 EP 0584661B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
heat generator
nozzle
wall
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930112919
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0584661A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dr. Althaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a heat generator for carrying out the method.
  • EP-A-0 244 972 discloses a method for generating a combustible gas stream in a heat generator, which is accomplished by adding fuel to the gas stream flowing through the heat generator.
  • the gas stream is interspersed with a fuel directed at an angle to it, an additional mass being added to the fuel beforehand.
  • Such a configuration is not suitable for controlling the ignition timing, which means that the flame must re-ignite during operation.
  • the object that is achieved with the present invention is to provide a method and a heat generator for carrying out the method in which the distribution of the fuel and the control of the timing of the ignition of the combustible gas stream are improved.
  • a heat generator 12 is located between a high-pressure turbine 10 and a low-pressure turbine 11.
  • This heat generator 12 has a combustion chamber 13 designed as an annular space, which is characterized by an essentially cylindrical, or more precisely frustoconical outer wall 14 and a corresponding inner wall 15 is limited.
  • a number of fuel injectors 16 are fastened evenly distributed around the circumference. These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged essentially radially inwards (FIG. 2) and transversely to the exhaust gas flow (FIG. 1). These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged in two cross-sectional planes 17 and 18, which are at a distance L from one another. The design of these fuel injection nozzles 16 can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • each fuel injector 16 is surrounded by a gas nozzle 19 and an air nozzle 20.
  • the mouth 22 of this fuel injection nozzle 16 is located in the region of the wall of the combustion chamber 13. Since the combustion chamber 13 is designed as an annular space, the surface of the heat generator 12 to be cooled becomes relatively small, and the heat generator 12 is also designed symmetrically.
  • the fuel can be supplied as a transverse jet to the gas stream emerging from the high pressure turbine. The momentum of the fuel mass flow must be large enough to produce a relatively quick and efficient mixing.
  • the fuel-gas mixture ignites automatically after about one millisecond. Flame stabilization is not necessary with this type of combustion.
  • the ignition timing can be controlled by a screen air flow from the air nozzle 20, which is blown in coaxially with the fuel, thereby preventing re-ignition.
  • the fuel can be extended over a length L are added in stages, ie there are a number of fuel injection nozzles 16 distributed uniformly around the circumference in a first cross-sectional plane 17 and a further number of fuel injection nozzles 16 are also arranged uniformly distributed around the circumference in a second cross-sectional plane 18, which are preferably arranged offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction .
  • a number of injection nozzles 21 are preferably arranged on the inner combustion chamber wall 15, which, in contrast to the radially inwardly directed injection nozzles 16 mentioned above, are directed radially outwards is.
  • the gases emerging from the high-pressure turbine 10 flow through the heat generator 12 and then reach the low-pressure turbine 11, as indicated by arrows A.
  • the gases flowing through the heat generator 12 were enriched with fuel with the aid of the fuel injection nozzles 16 and 21. Since the gas-enriched gas stream ignites immediately, its temperature is raised and reaches the low-pressure turbine 11 at the desired temperature and pressure.
  • the screen air flow from the nozzle 20 has an inhibitory effect because the air is cooler, so that the ignition point of the combustible gas flow can be delayed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Sie betrifft auch einen Wärmeerzeuger zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a heat generator for carrying out the method.

Bei bekannten Wärmeerzeugern dieser Art wird der Brennstoff im Zentrum des Gasstromes zugeführt, dabei ragt eine Brennstoffdüse in die Mitte dieses Gasstromes hinein. Durch diese Art der Brennstoff-Zuführung ist der Wirkungsgrad bei der Verbrennung unbefriedigend und es entstehen hohe NOx-Emissionen.In known heat generators of this type, the fuel is supplied in the center of the gas stream, a fuel nozzle protruding into the middle of this gas stream. This type of fuel supply means that combustion efficiency is unsatisfactory and high NOx emissions occur.

Aus EP-A-0 244 972 ist ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines brennbaren Gasstromes in einem Wärmeerzeuger, das durch Beifügen von Brennstoff zu dem durch den Wärmeerzeuger fliessenden Gasstrom bewerkstelligt wird. Der Gasstrom wird dabei mit einem zu diesem schräg gerichteten Brennstoff durchsetzt, wobei dem Brennstoff vorgängig eine Zusatzmasse beigefügt wird. Eine solche Konfiguration ist nicht geeignet, den Zündzeitpunkt zu steuern, womit im Verlauf des Betriebes ständig mit einer Rückzündung der Flamme gerechnet werden muss.EP-A-0 244 972 discloses a method for generating a combustible gas stream in a heat generator, which is accomplished by adding fuel to the gas stream flowing through the heat generator. The gas stream is interspersed with a fuel directed at an angle to it, an additional mass being added to the fuel beforehand. Such a configuration is not suitable for controlling the ignition timing, which means that the flame must re-ignite during operation.

Die Aufgabe, die mit der vorliegende Erfindung gelöst wird, besteht in der Schaffung eines Verfahrens und eines Wärmeerzeugers zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, bei welchen die Verteilung des Brennstoffes und die Steuerung des Zeitpunktes der Zündung des brennbaren Gasstromes verbessert werden.The object that is achieved with the present invention is to provide a method and a heat generator for carrying out the method in which the distribution of the fuel and the control of the timing of the ignition of the combustible gas stream are improved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss daurch gelöst, dass

  • a) das Verfahren ausser den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 auch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen desselben enthält.
  • b) der Wärmeerzeuger ausser den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 2 auch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Anspruches 2 enthält.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that
  • a) in addition to the features in the preamble of claim 1, the method also contains the features in the identifier thereof.
  • b) the heat generator contains, in addition to the features in the preamble of claim 2, the features in the characterizing part of claim 2.

Durch das Einbringen des Brennstoff-Stromes und durch die Querstellung der Einspritzdüse, wird eine wesentlich bessere Verteilung des Brennstoffes im Gasstrom erreicht.The introduction of the fuel flow and the transverse position of the injection nozzle result in a significantly better distribution of the fuel in the gas flow.

Durch das Beifügen eines Zusatzstromes zum Brennstoff-Strom und durch die Stützdüse mit der dieser Zusatzstrom beigefügt wird, ist der Zeitpunkt der Zündung des brennbaren Gasstromes besser steuerbar.By adding an additional flow to the fuel flow and through the support nozzle with which this additional flow is added, the timing of the ignition of the combustible gas flow is more controllable.

Diese Massnahmen haben den Vorteil, dass sich eine Zwischenüberhitzung des Gasstromes im Wärmeerzeuger besser auf die gewünschten Werte steuern lässt, ausserdem wird durch eine effizientere Vermischung des Brennstoffes mit dem Gasstrom der Wirkungsgrad des Wärmeerzeugers verbessert und die NOx Emission des Wärmeerzeugers minimiert.These measures have the advantage that an intermediate overheating of the gas flow in the heat generator can be better controlled to the desired values, moreover the more efficient mixing of the fuel with the gas flow improves the efficiency of the heat generator and minimizes the NO x emission of the heat generator.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmeerzeugers ist im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben.
Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch den Wärmeerzeuger mit einer Hochdruck- und einer Niederdruck-Turbine;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Wärmeerzeuger gemäss Linie II-II
Fig. 3
eine Einzelheit aus Fig. 1 in vergrössertem Massstab.
An embodiment of the heat generator is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through the heat generator with a high-pressure and a low-pressure turbine;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the heat generator shown in Fig. 1 according to line II-II
Fig. 3
a detail of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.

Gemäss Fig. 1 und 2 befindet sich zwischen einer Hochdruck-Turbine 10 und einer Niederdruck-Turbine 11 ein Wärmeerzeuger 12. Dieser Wärmeerzeuger 12 weist eine als Ringraum ausgebildete Brennkammer 13 auf, die durch eine im wesentlichen zylinderförmige, oder präziser kegelstumpfförmige Aussenwand 14 und eine entsprechende Innenwand 15 begrenzt ist. In der Aussenwand 15 sind gleichmässig am Umfang verteilt eine Anzahl Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 befestigt. Diese Brennstoffdüsen 16 sind im wesentlichen radial nach innen (Fig. 2) und quer zu Abgasstrom angeordnet (Fig. 1). Diese Brennstoffdüsen 16 sind in zwei Querschnittsebenen 17 und 18 angeordnet, die in einem Abstand L voneinander entfernt sind. Die Ausbildung dieser Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 ist aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich.1 and 2, a heat generator 12 is located between a high-pressure turbine 10 and a low-pressure turbine 11. This heat generator 12 has a combustion chamber 13 designed as an annular space, which is characterized by an essentially cylindrical, or more precisely frustoconical outer wall 14 and a corresponding inner wall 15 is limited. In the outer wall 15, a number of fuel injectors 16 are fastened evenly distributed around the circumference. These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged essentially radially inwards (FIG. 2) and transversely to the exhaust gas flow (FIG. 1). These fuel nozzles 16 are arranged in two cross-sectional planes 17 and 18, which are at a distance L from one another. The design of these fuel injection nozzles 16 can be seen in FIG. 3.

Gemäss Fig. 3 ist jede Brennstoff-Einspritzdüse 16 von einer Gasdüse 19 und von einer Luftdüse 20 umgeben. Die Mündung 22 dieser Brennstoff-Einspritzdüse 16 befindet sich im Bereich der Wand der Brennkammer 13. Da die Brennkammer 13 als Ringraum ausgebildet ist, wird die zu kühlende Oberfläche des Wärmeerzeugers 12 relativ klein, ausserdem ergibt sich eine symmetrische Ausbildung des Wärmeerzeugers 12. Der Brennstoff kann als ein transversaler Strahl dem aus der Hochdruckturbine austretenden Gasstrom zugeführt werden. Der Impuls des Brennstoffmassenstromes muss genügend gross sein, um eine relativ schnelle und effiziente Vermischung zu erzeugen. Das Brennstoff-Gas-Gemisch entzündet sich nach ca. einer Millisekunde von selbst. Eine Flammstabilisierung ist bei dieser Art der Verbrennung nicht nötig. Durch einen Schirmluftstrom aus der Luftdüse 20, der koaxial zum Brennstoff eingeblasen wird, kann der Zündzeitpunkt gesteuert werden, wodurch eine Rückzündung verhindert wird. Zur Stabilisierung des Schwingungsverhaltens kann der Brennstoff über eine Länge L gestuft beigemischt werden, d.h. es sind in einer ersten Querschnittsebene 17 gleichmässig am Umfang verteilt eine Anzahl Brennstoffeinspritzdüsen 16 angeordnet und in einer zweiten Querschnittsebene 18 sind ebenfalls gleichmässig am Umfang verteilt eine weitere Anzahl Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 angeordnet, die vorzugsweise in Umfangsrichtung versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.3, each fuel injector 16 is surrounded by a gas nozzle 19 and an air nozzle 20. The mouth 22 of this fuel injection nozzle 16 is located in the region of the wall of the combustion chamber 13. Since the combustion chamber 13 is designed as an annular space, the surface of the heat generator 12 to be cooled becomes relatively small, and the heat generator 12 is also designed symmetrically. The fuel can be supplied as a transverse jet to the gas stream emerging from the high pressure turbine. The momentum of the fuel mass flow must be large enough to produce a relatively quick and efficient mixing. The fuel-gas mixture ignites automatically after about one millisecond. Flame stabilization is not necessary with this type of combustion. The ignition timing can be controlled by a screen air flow from the air nozzle 20, which is blown in coaxially with the fuel, thereby preventing re-ignition. To stabilize the vibration behavior, the fuel can be extended over a length L are added in stages, ie there are a number of fuel injection nozzles 16 distributed uniformly around the circumference in a first cross-sectional plane 17 and a further number of fuel injection nozzles 16 are also arranged uniformly distributed around the circumference in a second cross-sectional plane 18, which are preferably arranged offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction .

Wenn der Abstand h zwischen der äusseren Brennkammerwannd 14 und der inneren Brennkammerwand 15 relativ gross ist, wird vorzugsweise eine Anzahl Einspritzdüsen 21 an der inneren Brennkammerwand 15 angeordnet, die im Gegensatz zu den oben erwähnten, radial nach innen gerichteten Einspritzdüsen 16, radial nach aussen gerichtet ist.If the distance h between the outer combustion chamber wall 14 and the inner combustion chamber wall 15 is relatively large, a number of injection nozzles 21 are preferably arranged on the inner combustion chamber wall 15, which, in contrast to the radially inwardly directed injection nozzles 16 mentioned above, are directed radially outwards is.

Die aus der Hochdruckturbine 10 austretenden Gase strömen durch den Wärmeerzeuger 12 und gelangen dann in die Niederdruckturbine 11, wie durch Pfeile A angedeutet ist.The gases emerging from the high-pressure turbine 10 flow through the heat generator 12 and then reach the low-pressure turbine 11, as indicated by arrows A.

Die durch den Wärmeerzeuger 12 strömenden Gase wurden mit Hilfe der Brennstoff-Einspritzdüsen 16 bzw. 21 mit Brennstoff angereichert. Da sich der mit Brennstoff angereicherte Gasstrom sofort entzündet, wird seine Temperatur erhöht und erreicht die Niederdruckturbine 11 mit der gewünschten Temperatur und dem gewünschten Druck.The gases flowing through the heat generator 12 were enriched with fuel with the aid of the fuel injection nozzles 16 and 21. Since the gas-enriched gas stream ignites immediately, its temperature is raised and reaches the low-pressure turbine 11 at the desired temperature and pressure.

Der Schirmluftstrom aus der Düse 20 hat eine Inhibitorwirkung da die Luft kühler ist, sodass der Zündzeitpunkt des brennbaren Gasstromes verzögert werden kann.The screen air flow from the nozzle 20 has an inhibitory effect because the air is cooler, so that the ignition point of the combustible gas flow can be delayed.

Mit den beschriebenen Düsen 16, 19 und 20 kann wahlweise

  • a) ein flüssiger Brennstoff-Strom und ein umhüllender Luftstrom
  • b) ein Gasstrom und ein umhüllender Luftstrom und
  • c) ein flüssiger Brennstoff-Strom, ein Gasstrom und ein umhüllender Luftstrom
erzeugt werden. Dies führt zu einer Durchmischungsintensivierung.With the described nozzles 16, 19 and 20 can optionally
  • a) a liquid fuel stream and an enveloping air stream
  • (b) a gas stream and an enveloping air stream; and
  • c) a liquid fuel stream, a gas stream and an enveloping air stream
be generated. This leads to an intensification of mixing.

Bezugsziffernliste:List of reference numbers:

1010th
Hochdruck-TurbineHigh pressure turbine
1111
Niederdruck-TurbineLow pressure turbine
1212th
WärmeerzeugerHeat generator
1313
BrennkammerCombustion chamber
1414
AussenwandOuter wall
1515
InnenwandInterior wall
1616
Brennstoff-EinspritzdüsenFuel injectors
1717th
QuerschnittsebeneCross-sectional level
1818th
QuerschnittsebeneCross-sectional level
1919th
GasdüseGas nozzle
2020th
LuftdüseAir nozzle
2121
Brennstoff-EinspritzdüseFuel injector
2222
Mündungmuzzle

Claims (7)

  1. Method for generating a combustible gas flow in a heat generator by the addition of fuel to the gas flowing through the heat generator, the gas flow being at least partially penetrated by a fuel flow directed transversely to this gas flow, and an additional mass being previously added to the fuel flow, characterized in that the time when ignition occurs is controlled by an airflow screen from at least one air nozzle (19, 20), which is injected from a fuel nozzle (16, 21) coaxially with the fuel flow.
  2. Heat generator for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, comprising a combustion chamber for guiding an exhaust gas stemming from a hydrodynamic machine acting upstream, and at least one fuel nozzle, which is directed transversely to the wall of the combustion chamber, characterized in that the fuel nozzle (16, 21) is surrounded by at least one air nozzle (19, 20).
  3. Heat generator according to Claim 2, characterized in that the combustion chamber (13) is of annular configuration and has a number of fuel nozzles (16, 21) evenly distributed around the periphery.
  4. Heat generator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the annular combustion chamber (13) has an outer wall (14) and an inner wall (15) and in that the fuel nozzles (16) is [sic] directed radially inwards at the outer wall (14).
  5. Heat generator according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in addition to the fuel nozzles (16) directed radially inwards, further fuel nozzles (21) directed radially outwards are arranged on the inner wall.
  6. Heat generator according to Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the fuel nozzles (16, 21) are arranged stepped in the axial direction of the fuel chamber (13), and in that the fuel nozzles (16, 21) in the individual planes are offset relative to one another out of the stepped arrangement.
  7. Heat generator according to Claim 2, characterized in that a gas-conducting nozzle (19) is arranged annularly around the fuel nozzle (16, 21), and in that an air-conducting nozzle (20) is arranged annularly around the gas-conducting nozzle.
EP19930112919 1992-08-28 1993-08-12 Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process Expired - Lifetime EP0584661B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2681/92 1992-08-28
CH268192 1992-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584661A1 EP0584661A1 (en) 1994-03-02
EP0584661B1 true EP0584661B1 (en) 1997-05-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930112919 Expired - Lifetime EP0584661B1 (en) 1992-08-28 1993-08-12 Process for producing a combustible gas flow in a heat generator and generator for carrying out the process

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EP (1) EP0584661B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3452610B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59306570D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6289666B1 (en) * 1992-10-27 2001-09-18 Ginter Vast Corporation High efficiency low pollution hybrid Brayton cycle combustor
USRE43252E1 (en) 1992-10-27 2012-03-20 Vast Power Portfolio, Llc High efficiency low pollution hybrid Brayton cycle combustor

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1800611A1 (en) * 1968-10-02 1970-05-27 Hertel Dr Ing Heinrich Arrangement for injecting fuel into an air stream flowing past an injection nozzle at supersonic speed
FR2081220A1 (en) * 1970-03-19 1971-12-03 Hertel Heinrich
EP0244972B1 (en) * 1986-05-03 1990-09-19 LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company Liquid fuel combustor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06185730A (en) 1994-07-08
EP0584661A1 (en) 1994-03-02
JP3452610B2 (en) 2003-09-29
DE59306570D1 (en) 1997-07-03

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