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EP0407275B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0407275B1
EP0407275B1 EP90401879A EP90401879A EP0407275B1 EP 0407275 B1 EP0407275 B1 EP 0407275B1 EP 90401879 A EP90401879 A EP 90401879A EP 90401879 A EP90401879 A EP 90401879A EP 0407275 B1 EP0407275 B1 EP 0407275B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
work pieces
accordance
carried out
steel
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90401879A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0407275A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Gautier
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0407275B1 publication Critical patent/EP0407275B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing elastic function parts with high mechanical characteristics from untreated spring steel, comprising a succession of heat treatment and forming operations.
  • this known method still has a certain number of drawbacks.
  • it involves two temperature rise operations (austenitization heating before quenching, tempering after quenching).
  • tempering after quenching the fact that the parts undergo cold forming or at least preforming, before any heating, it is impossible to carry out this heating on continuous material, for example strip.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method of manufacturing parts with an elastic function in treated spring steel making it possible to produce parts of equivalent quality or even better than that obtained by the usual methods at a lower cost.
  • the austenitization heating can advantageously be carried out in a fluidized bed bath or by induction, on continuous products (strips, crowns) or on blanks or pieces. It is also possible, within the framework of the invention, to carry out a cold preforming, before heating of austenitization, to give the parts a shape different from their final shape, in which case the warm forming carried out after heating of austenitization and isothermal quenching is intended above all to give the parts a more precise geometry and higher mechanical characteristics (thermomechanical treatment with lukewarm such as blocking in the case of springs).
  • the conventional method of hot forming before quenching requires heating of the parts as a whole at a temperature markedly above the transformation point to take account of the cooling that the parts undergo during the hot forming operation and during transfers.
  • the quenching operation (which gives the steel a bainitic structure) immediately follows the austenitization heating operation, the heat losses are very low and the lower heating temperature, since it is only used for quenching.
  • the untreated part of the metal plays a complementary role for quenching and the rest of the operations, by heat diffusion.
  • the replacement of the two quenching and tempering operations of the usual processes with isothermal quenching allows other significant energy savings.
  • the energy to bring the part to the tempering temperature is removed.
  • the holding time at the isothermal quenching temperature represents less than half of the holding time at the tempering temperature according to the usual methods.
  • Most of the energy induced during austenitization is returned to the fluidized quench bath isothermal, which allows this energy to be reused, for example for heating buildings.
  • the parts with bainitic structure are at a temperature higher than the martensite point, that is to say at a temperature of the order of 280-350 ° C. depending on the steel grades, and the residual energy that they contain can be used as and when the following operations are carried out warm (forming, blocking, prestressing, shot blasting, protection).
  • the process according to the invention thus makes it possible to recover the major part of the energy provided during austenitization.
  • Warm forming gives parts better precision and increases the mechanical characteristics of the finished product, notably promoting the blocking of dislocations induced during forming, due in particular to the increase in mobility of carbon atoms linked to temperature. Rapid heating followed by isothermal quenching eliminates any risk of decarburization.
  • the successive operations of the process according to the invention are carried out in a precise order making it possible to make the most of the energy stored in the material.
  • the choice of temperature for each operation aims to optimize the beneficial effects, in particular on a metallurgical level for shot peening and pre-forming (or blocking), and on the electrochemical level for anti-corrosion protection.
  • the method according to the invention does not require the formation of a so-called bonding layer generally obtained by chemical combination (phosphating) with the metal to be protected, the formation of this bonding layer resulting in a decrease in the surface mechanical characteristics of the parts.
  • the method according to the invention reduces the number of operations, in particular temperature rise and the temperature maintenance times.
  • the installations necessary for the implementation of the method are therefore of reduced dimensions.
  • the investments and the surface area required for an installation using the method according to the invention are divided by a factor of approximately five.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the work in progress.
  • the outstanding amount is only 40 springs for the process according to the invention, while it is 1,200 in the conventional process.
  • a few minutes are sufficient to empty the installation of its parts for implementing the process according to the invention.
  • the process according to the invention eliminates all harmful fumes and vapors and makes work much less arduous.
  • the process according to the invention eliminates all the releases (fumes, vapors, detergents, etc.) from the usual hot forming and oil quenching process.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Herstellungsverfahren für Werkstücke mit elastischer Funktion aus nichtbehandeltem Federstahl, bestehend aus den nachstehenden Schritten in der angeführten Reihenfolge:
    - Erwärmung auf eine bestimmte Temperatur und während einer hinreichenden Zeitspanne zur Austenitisierung, um dem Stahl eine totale Austenitstruktur zu geben;
    - isothermes Härten in einem Wirbelschichtbad bei einer bestimmten Temperatur und während einer bestimmten Zeit, um die Austenitstruktur des Stahls vollkommen in eine Bainitstruktur umzuwandeln; und
    - sobald die vollkommene Bainitstruktur erreicht ist, eine mechanische Formgebung, um den Stahl in die definitive Form des Werkstücks unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke zu überführen.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es, noch vor der Erwärmung zur Austenitisierung, eine Kalt-Vorverformung des Stahls beinhaltet, um den Federteilen eine Form zu geben, die sich von der endgültigen Form unterscheidet.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erwärmung zur Austenitisierung im Wirbelschichtbad durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erwärmung zur Austenitisierung durch Induktion bewirkt wird.
  5. Verfahren gemäß einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner eine Hemmung der mechanischen Vorspannung umfaßt, die im Anschluß an die mechanische Formgebung unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke durchgeführt wird.
  6. Verfahren gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner ein Kugelstrahlen zur mechanischen Vorspannung umfaßt, das an den Werkstücken im Anschluß an die Formgebung unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke ausgeführt wird.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner ein Kugelstrahlen zur mechanischen Vorspannung umfaßt, das an den Werkstücken nach der Hemmung der mechanischen Vorspannung unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke ausgeführt wird.
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner einen Arbeitsgang (Anstrich, Kunststoffbeschichtung) zum Schutz der Werkstücke umfaßt, der im Anschluß an die Formgebung unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke ausgeführt wird.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner einen Arbeitsgang (Anstrich, Kunststoffbeschichtung) zum Schutz der Werkstücke umfaßt, der im Anschluß an die Hemmung der mechanischen Vorspannung unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke ausgeführt wird.
  10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ferner einen Arbeitsgang (Anstrich, Kunststoffbeschichtung) zum Schutz der Werkstücke umfaßt, der im Anschluß an das Kugelstrahlen zur mechanischen Vorspannung unter Benutzung der thermischen Restenergie der Werkstücke ausgeführt wird.
EP90401879A 1989-07-07 1990-06-29 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl Expired - Lifetime EP0407275B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8909189 1989-07-07
FR8909189A FR2649415B1 (fr) 1989-07-07 1989-07-07 Procede de fabrication de pieces a hautes caracteristiques mecaniques a partir d'acier non traite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0407275A1 EP0407275A1 (de) 1991-01-09
EP0407275B1 true EP0407275B1 (de) 1994-12-14

Family

ID=9383594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90401879A Expired - Lifetime EP0407275B1 (de) 1989-07-07 1990-06-29 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0407275B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0353018A (de)
AT (1) ATE115638T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2020595C (de)
DE (1) DE69015028T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2068354T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2649415B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0593225A (ja) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 鋳鉄歯車の製造方法
CA2804707C (en) * 2010-06-24 2016-05-10 Magna International Inc. Tailored properties by post hot forming processing
DE102010027179B3 (de) * 2010-07-14 2011-11-10 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Fertigungsanlage zur Herstellung von Kraftfahrzeugbauteilen
JP5662903B2 (ja) 2010-11-18 2015-02-04 株式会社神戸製鋼所 成形性に優れた高強度鋼板、温間加工方法、および温間加工された自動車部品

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240634A (en) * 1964-07-23 1966-03-15 Lasalle Steel Co Steels and improved method of manufacture

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1543101A (fr) * 1967-10-30 1968-10-18 British Iron And Steel Traitement thermo-mécanique de l'acier
US4088511A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-05-09 Lasalle Steel Company Steels combining toughness and machinability
FR2391789A1 (fr) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-22 Renault Procede de fabrication de pieces formees a partir de bandes metalliques
FR2448573A1 (fr) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-05 Physique Appliquee Ind Installation automatique de trempe isotherme en lit fluidise

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240634A (en) * 1964-07-23 1966-03-15 Lasalle Steel Co Steels and improved method of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2068354T3 (es) 1995-04-16
JPH0353018A (ja) 1991-03-07
FR2649415A1 (fr) 1991-01-11
ATE115638T1 (de) 1994-12-15
CA2020595C (fr) 2001-07-03
DE69015028D1 (de) 1995-01-26
EP0407275A1 (de) 1991-01-09
CA2020595A1 (fr) 1991-01-08
DE69015028T2 (de) 1995-07-20
FR2649415B1 (fr) 1991-10-31

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