EP0457171B1 - Arrangement at a form for erecting walls - Google Patents
Arrangement at a form for erecting walls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0457171B1 EP0457171B1 EP91107453A EP91107453A EP0457171B1 EP 0457171 B1 EP0457171 B1 EP 0457171B1 EP 91107453 A EP91107453 A EP 91107453A EP 91107453 A EP91107453 A EP 91107453A EP 0457171 B1 EP0457171 B1 EP 0457171B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shuttering
- accordance
- working platform
- rail
- panels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 claims 12
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
- E04G11/28—Climbing forms, i.e. forms which are not in contact with the poured concrete during lifting from layer to layer and which are anchored in the hardened concrete
Definitions
- the invention relates to a formwork for erecting masonry made of castable materials with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a wall to be erected and through the formwork scaffolding used here.
- the wall to be erected or its thickness is indicated by the two vertical lines 1 and 2, the lower, hatched part between the two lines 1 and 2 symbolizing the wall 25 which has already been produced.
- This wall can be flat over its length or can be curved or curved.
- a working platform 3 running along the wall to be erected is arranged with a safety railing 4 and by means of unillustrated but known hoists along the vertical post mentioned in the figure Adjustable height.
- a support frame 6 is connected to the work platform 3 via vertical columns 5, which is constructed in the manner of a truss and which runs correspondingly or parallel to the work platform 3 and which also carries a further work platform 7 with a safety railing 4.
- a gallows-like boom 11 is articulated via hinges 10 with a lower horizontal leg 12, a vertical spar 13 and an oblique tension strut 14, these last-mentioned components forming a rectangular triangle.
- the hinges 10 mentioned are fastened in the upper and lower region of the vertical spar 13.
- a horizontally arranged rail 16, which expediently has an I-shaped cross section, is connected to the lower horizontal leg 12 via connecting straps 15.
- the connecting straps 15 are expediently designed so that the rail 16 is displaceable in its axial direction with respect to the boom 11.
- the horizontal bar forming the carriage 18 can also be slidably mounted with respect to the fitting part having the wire rollers 19.
- This rail 16 is at least twice as long as the leg 12 of the gallows-like boom 11 carrying it.
- End stops 21 on the end faces of the rail 16 limit the displacement path of the carriage 18.
- a vertical anchor 22 is rotatably mounted about its vertical axis, which is aligned with the upper one Edge 23 of the formwork panel 24 visible here is connected.
- each formwork panel 24 can be held at its upper edge by two anchors 22.
- Fig. 1 now shows the formwork panels 24 which have been installed for the reception of the castable material and which are already backfilled.
- the formwork panel 24 hanging on anchors 22 provided in pairs is now detached from the formwork assembly, and it can now be moved away from the wall on these anchors 22, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the formwork panel 24 can be pivoted about any vertical axis due to the pivotability of the boom-like boom 11 and the rotatable mounting of the armature 22, so that the formwork panel 24 can assume any angular positions relative to the plane of the wall, which makes the formwork panel accessible for cleaning extremely relieved.
- FIG. 3 Such an inclination of the formwork panel 24 detached from the formwork assembly is illustrated in a simplified and schematic manner in FIG. 3, only the essential parts being shown here are shown and the points 26 represent the vertical pivot axes of the rails 16 formed by the hinges 10 of the gallows-like boom 11. The mobility of the essential bearing points is symbolized by double arrows.
- This sketch according to FIG. 3 clearly shows that the formwork panel 24 can also assume other angular positions with respect to the wall 25, but the rails 16 together with the formwork panels 24 and the displaceably mounted anchor 22 form, as it were, a modified parallelogram transmission.
- the invention was explained using the drawing on an outer formwork.
- the invention can also be provided on the inner formwork. If the invention was explained above on the basis of flat formwork panels for the erection of a flat masonry, the formwork panels can also be arched if they are used to erect a masonry ring or circular in plan, for example a tower. In such a case, the work platform 3 and the support frame 6 are also ring-shaped or circular.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schalung zur Errichtung eines Mauerwerkes aus gußfähigen Materialien mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a formwork for erecting masonry made of castable materials with the features of the preamble of
Es ist bekannt zum Beispiel aus FR-A-2 318 289 oder DE-A-3 135 418, zur Errichtung von großräumigen Mauerwerken Gleit- oder Kletterschalungen zu verwenden, wobei die hier eingesetzten Schalungstafeln geschoßhoch sind und die Schalungstafeln nach dem Hinterfüllen mit dem gußfähigen Material und nach dessen Abbindung in der Höhe versetzt werden, um so das Mauerwerk fortschreitend herzustellen. In der Höhe des unteren Randes der Schalungstafeln ist dabei eine Arbeitsbühne vorgesehen, von der aus die Schalungstafeln manipuliert werden und welche im Zuge des Baufortschrittes zusammen mit den Schalungstafeln in der Höhe versetzt wird. Werden nach dem Abbinden des hinterfüllten Materials die Schalungstafeln gelöst, um in der Höhe nachgezogen zu werden, so müssen die Tafeln, bevor sie für die Errichtung des nächsten Mauerabschnittes montiert werden, zumindest auf der Mauerseite gereinigt werden. Da die Arbeitsbühne in oft schwindelnder Höhe nur beschränkt Platz bietet, andererseits die hier verwendeten geschoßhohen, großflächigen Schalungstafeln außerordentlich schwer und unhandlich sind, ist diese Reinigung der Schalungstafeln äußerst schwierig zu bewerkstelligen.It is known, for example from FR-A-2 318 289 or DE-A-3 135 418, to use sliding or climbing formwork for the construction of large-scale masonry, the formwork panels used here being storey-high and the formwork panels after being filled with the castable Material and after its setting in height, so that the masonry progressively. At the height of the lower edge of the formwork panels, a work platform is provided, from which the formwork panels are manipulated and which is moved in height as the construction progresses together with the formwork panels. If the formwork panels are loosened after the backfilled material has set in order to be retracted in height, the panels must be cleaned at least on the wall side before they are installed for the construction of the next wall section. Since the working platform is often only a limited space at a dizzying height, and on the other hand, the storey-high, large-area formwork panels used here are extremely heavy and unwieldy, this cleaning of the formwork panels is extremely difficult to accomplish.
Hier setzt nun die Erfindung ein, die darauf abzielt, bei Schalungen der erwähnten Art eine Einrichtung vorzusehen, um die mit der Reinigung von Schalungstafeln notwendigen Manipulationen zu erleichtern, was vorschlagsgemäß durch jene Maßnahmen gelingt, die Inhalt und Gegenstand des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Patentanspruches 1 sind.This is where the invention comes in, which aims to provide a device in formwork of the type mentioned in order to facilitate the manipulations necessary with the cleaning of formwork panels, which, according to the proposal, succeeds through those measures which are the content and subject of the characterizing part of
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 9 angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the
Um die Erfindung zu veranschaulichen, wird sie anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein zu errichtendes Mauerwerk und die dazu eingesetzte Schalung, wobei die Schalungstafeln hinterfüllt sind;
- Fig. 2 eine Darstellung wie Fig. 1, jedoch ist die Schalungstafel für die Reinigung vom abgebundenen Mauerwerk abgehoben;
- Fig. 3 eine schematische Draufsicht auf die hier erfindungswesentlichen Teile.
- 1 shows a vertical section through a masonry to be erected and the formwork used for this purpose, the formwork panels being backfilled;
- Fig. 2 is an illustration like Figure 1, but the formwork panel is lifted for cleaning from the set masonry.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the parts essential to the invention here.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine zu errichtende Mauer und durch das hier verwendete Schalungsgerüst. Die zu errichtende Mauer bzw. deren Stärke ist durch die beiden vertikalen Linien 1 und 2 angedeutet, wobei der untere, schraffierte Teil zwischen den beiden Linien 1 und 2 die bereits hergestellte Mauer 25 versinnbildlicht. Diese Mauer kann über ihre Länge eben sein oder aber gewölbt oder gekrümmt verlaufen. An vertikalen, in horizontaler Richtung voneinander distanzierten Stehern, die hier der Übersichtlichkeit wegen jedoch nicht dargestellt sind, ist eine entlang der zu errichtenden Mauer verlaufende Arbeitsbühne 3 mit einem Sicherheitsgeländer 4 angeordnet und mittels nicht dargestellter, jedoch bekannter Hubwerke entlang der erwähnten vertikalen Steher in der Höhe verstellbar. Mit der Arbeitsbühne 3 über vertikale Säulen 5 verbunden ist ein Tragrahmen 6, der fachwerkartig ausgebildet ist und der korrespondierend bzw. parallel zur Arbeitsbühne 3 verläuft und der hier darüberhinaus eine weitere Arbeitsbühne 7 mit einem Sicherheitsgeländer 4 trägt. Am oberen Gurt 8 und am unteren Gurt 9 des fachwerkartigen Trägers 6 ist über Scharniere 10 ein galgenartiger Ausleger 11 angelenkt mit einem unteren horizontalen Schenkel 12, einem vertikalen Holm 13 und einer schrägen Zugstrebe 14, wobei diese letzterwähnten Bauteile ein rechteckiges Dreieck bilden. Die erwähnten Scharniere 10 sind im oberen und unteren Bereich des vertikalen Holmes 13 befestigt. Mit dem unteren horizontalen Schenkel 12 ist über Verbindungslaschen 15 eine horizontal angeordnete Schiene 16 verbunden, die zweckmäßigerweise einen I-förmigen Querschnitt aufweist. Die Verbindungslaschen 15 sind zweckmäßigerweise so gestaltet, daß die Schiene 16 in ihrer Achsrichtung gegenüber dem Ausleger 11 verschiebbar ist. Am unteren Flansch 17 dieser im Querschnitt I-förmigen Schiene 16 ist ein Wagen 18 mit Tragrollen 19 und Stützrollen 20 gelagert, der entlang der Schiene 16 verfahrbar ist. Der den Wagen 18 bildende Horizontalbalken kann dabei gegenüber dem die Drahtrollen 19 aufweisenden Beschlagteil ebenfalls verschiebbar gelagert sein. Diese Schiene 16 ist mindestens doppelt so lang wie der sie tragende Schenkel 12 des galgenartigen Auslegers 11.Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a wall to be erected and through the formwork scaffolding used here. The wall to be erected or its thickness is indicated by the two
Endanschläge 21 an den Stirnseiten der Schiene 16 begrenzen den Verschiebeweg des Wagens 18. An der Seite des Wagens 18, die der Schalung bzw. der zu errichtenden Mauer zugewandt ist, ist ein vertikaler Anker 22 um seine vertikale Achse verdrehbar gelagert, der mit dem oberen Rand 23 der hier sichtbaren Schalungstafel 24 verbunden ist.End stops 21 on the end faces of the
Am Tragarm 6 sind pro Schalungstafel zweckmäßigerweise zwei galgenartige Ausleger 11 vorgesehen, so daß jede Schalungstafel 24 an ihrem oberen Rand von zwei Ankern 22 gehalten werden kann.On the
Fig. 1 zeigt nun die für die Aufnahme des gußfähigen Materials montierten Schalungstafeln 24, die bereits hinterfüllt sind. Sobald das hinterfüllte Material abgebunden hat, wird nun die an paarweise vorgesehenen Ankern 22 hängende Schalungstafel 24 aus dem Schalungsverbund gelöst, und sie kann nun an diesen Ankern 22 hängend von der Mauer weggefahren werden, wie dies Fig. 2 veranschaulicht. Dabei kann die Schalungstafel 24 aufgrund der Verschwenkbarkeit des galgenartigen Auslegers 11 und der drehbaren Lagerung der Anker 22 um eine beliebige vertikale Achse verschwenkt werden, so daß die Schalungstafel 24 gegenüber der Ebene der Mauer beliebige Winkelstellungen einnehmen kann, was die Zugänglichkeit zur Schalungstafel für deren Reinigung außerordentlich erleichtert.Fig. 1 now shows the
Vereinfacht und schematisch ist eine solche Schrägstellung der aus dem Schalungsverbund gelösten Schalungstafel 24 in Fig. 3 im Grundriß veranschaulicht, wobei hier nur die wesentlichen Teile gezeigt sind und wobei die Punkte 26 die durch die Scharniere 10 des galgenartigen Auslegers 11 gebildeten vertikalen Schwenkachsen der Schienen 16 darstellen. Die Beweglichkeit der hier wesentlichen Lagerpunkte ist durch Doppelpfeile versinnbildlicht. Daß die Schalungstafel 24 gegenüber der Mauer 25 auch andere Winkellagen einnehmen kann, macht diese Skizze nach Fig. 3 deutlich, bilden doch die Schienen 16 zusammen mit den Schalungstafeln 24 und dem verschiebbar gelagerten Anker 22 sozusagen ein beliebig verändertes Parallelogrammgetriebe.Such an inclination of the
Die Erfindung wurde anhand der Zeichnung an einer Außenschalung erläutert. Die Erfindung kann auch an der Innenschalung vorgesehen sein. Wurde vorstehend die Erfindung anhand von ebenen Schalungstafeln für die Errichtung eines ebenen Mauerwerks erläutert, so können die Schalungstafeln auch gewölbt ausgebildet sein, wenn sie dazu dienen, ein im Grundriß ring- oder kreisförmiges Mauerwerk, beispielsweise einen Turm zu errichten. In einem solchen Fall sind auch die Arbeitsbühne 3 und der Tragrahmen 6 ring- bzw. kreisförmig.The invention was explained using the drawing on an outer formwork. The invention can also be provided on the inner formwork. If the invention was explained above on the basis of flat formwork panels for the erection of a flat masonry, the formwork panels can also be arched if they are used to erect a masonry ring or circular in plan, for example a tower. In such a case, the
Dank der Erfindung ist es möglich, die großflächigen, schweren und geschoßhohen Schalungstafeln auf eng begrenztem Raum (Arbeitsbühne) ohne besonderen Aufwand für Reinigungszwecke zu manipulieren. Sie wird auch dort mit Erfolg eingesetzt, wo vergleichsweise kleine Schalungstafeln verwendet werden, die aber ein großes Gewicht haben und/oder unhandlich sind.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to manipulate the large, heavy and storey-high formwork panels in a narrow space (working platform) without any special effort for cleaning purposes. It is also used successfully where comparatively small formwork panels are used, but which are heavy and / or bulky.
- 11
- Linieline
- 22nd
- Linieline
- 33rd
- ArbeitsbühneWorking platform
- 44th
- SicherheitsgeländerSecurity railings
- 55
- Säulepillar
- 66
- TragrahmenSupport frame
- 77
- ArbeitsbühneWorking platform
- 88th
- ObergurtTop chord
- 99
- UntergurtLower chord
- 1010th
- Scharnierhinge
- 1111
- Auslegerboom
- 1212
- Schenkelleg
- 1313
- HolmSpar
- 1414
- ZugstrebeTension strut
- 1515
- VerbindungslaschenConnecting straps
- 1616
- Schienerail
- 1717th
- Flanschflange
- 1818th
- Wagendare
- 1919th
- TragrolleIdler
- 2020th
- StützrolleSupport roller
- 2121
- EndanschlagEnd stop
- 2222
- Ankeranchor
- 2323
- Randedge
- 2424th
- SchalungstafelFormwork panel
- 2525th
- MauerWall
- 2626
- PunktPoint
Claims (9)
- A device on shuttering for erecting walling made of castable materials, for example concrete, the shuttering having at least one working platform and large-surface, preferably one storey in height and/or hard to manipulate shuttering panels and ― for walling erection purposes ― the shuttering panels and the working platform being moved upwards progressively by the height of the shuttering panels, characterized in that horizontal rails (16) ― spaced apart horizontally and pivotable about a vertical axis ― are provided on a supporting frame (6) which is located above the shuttering panels (24) of a shuttering section and extends parallel to the working platform (3) and on each of these rails (16) there is displaceably mounted a slide or carriage (18) bearing ― on its side facing the shuttering panel (24) ― a suspended anchor (22) connectable to the upper edge (23) of a shuttering panel (24).
- A device in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the rail (16) is arranged on a gallows-like cantilever (11) pivotable about a vertical axis.
- A device in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal distance between two rails (16) arranged consecutively along the shuttering is equal to or less than the length of a shuttering panel (24).
- A device in accordance with Claim 2, characterized in that the gallows-like cantilever (11) is articulated in a hinge-like manner on the supporting arm (6) provided above the working platform (3).
- A device in accordance with Claim 2, characterized in that the gallows-like cantilever (11) has a horizontal leg (12) connected to the rail (16), an upwards-directed vertical upright (13) arranged at one end of the leg (12) and a diagonal tie (14) connecting the free ends of leg (12) and upright (13).
- A device in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rail (16) has an I-shaped cross-section.
- A device in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the carriage (18) displaceable along the rail (16) has bearing and support rollers (19, 20).
- A device in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the suspended anchor (22) connectable to the upper edge (23) of a shuttering panel (24) is accommodated by the slide or carriage (18) so as to be pivotable about its vertical axis.
- A device in accordance with Claim 2, characterized in that the rail (16) is held on the cantilever (11) so as to be displaceable in its axial direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT1103/90 | 1990-05-17 | ||
| AT0110390A AT394077B (en) | 1990-05-17 | 1990-05-17 | DEVICE ON A FORMWORK FOR THE INSTALLATION OF A WALL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0457171A1 EP0457171A1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
| EP0457171B1 true EP0457171B1 (en) | 1993-02-03 |
Family
ID=3506660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91107453A Expired - Lifetime EP0457171B1 (en) | 1990-05-17 | 1991-05-08 | Arrangement at a form for erecting walls |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5109953A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0457171B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394077B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59100035D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2039130T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT397404B (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-04-25 | Rund Stahl Bau Gmbh & Co | DEVICE FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WALLS |
| WO2009056898A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Alejandro Cortina-Cordero | Post-tensioned concrete tower for wind turbines |
| US8464996B2 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2013-06-18 | Dayton Superior Corporation | Jump form system |
| DE102008021202A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-10-29 | Marcus Sundermann | Formwork and formwork of concrete construction |
| US8555600B2 (en) | 2008-12-10 | 2013-10-15 | Cortina Innovations, S.A. De C.V. | Method for mounting in sections an annular tower for wind power generator, heliostatic power generator or chimney composed from three concrete segments or more |
| BR112012000484A2 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2019-09-24 | Leonardo Casanova Alfio | system of making in-situ substantially vertical works. |
| CA2770886C (en) | 2009-09-09 | 2014-07-08 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Method and apparatus for wind turbine erection |
| US8801330B2 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2014-08-12 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Windmill installation system and method for using same |
| US8714306B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2014-05-06 | ULMA CyE, S. Coop. | Perimetric protection system for buildings undergoing construction |
| PL3212862T3 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2020-01-31 | Soletanche Freyssinet | Method for manufacturing concrete construction blocks for a wind-turbine tower and associated system |
| US9650840B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2017-05-16 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Method and apparatus for erecting a drilling rig |
| CN106121228B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-05-04 | 福州市第三建筑工程公司 | Coagulation frame suspended support vertical surface formwork structure and use method thereof |
| US11408188B1 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-08-09 | Peri Formwork Systems, Inc. | Suspended translating platform |
| CN114622504B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-04-14 | 江苏省交通工程集团有限公司 | Cast-in-place construction equipment and construction method for concrete outer side retaining wall |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1127369A (en) * | 1914-04-25 | 1915-02-02 | Alexander Q Nash | Apparatus for building circular walls and means for adjusting the apparatus. |
| FR1313216A (en) * | 1961-11-14 | 1962-12-28 | Coignet Construct Edmond | Improvements in the manufacture of concrete elements |
| US4016228A (en) * | 1973-03-07 | 1977-04-05 | Enor Nominees Pty. Limited | Method for progressively constructing a wall of cementitious material |
| FR2318289A1 (en) * | 1975-07-18 | 1977-02-11 | Buffin Clovis | Travelling formwork for concrete walls - has vertical stanchions supporting travelling platform with suspended shuttering and hydraulic jacks |
| DE2814930C2 (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1986-07-03 | Peri-Werk Artur Schwörer GmbH & Co KG, 7912 Weißenhorn | climbing frame |
| DE3117409C2 (en) * | 1981-05-02 | 1983-12-29 | Josef 7611 Steinach Maier | Climbing formwork |
| DE3135418A1 (en) * | 1981-09-07 | 1983-04-07 | Emil Steidle Gmbh & Co, 7480 Sigmaringen | Climbing shuttering |
| US4562989A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-01-07 | Peabody Continental-Heine Co. | Apparatus for construction of concrete walls |
-
1990
- 1990-05-17 AT AT0110390A patent/AT394077B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-05-08 ES ES199191107453T patent/ES2039130T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-08 AT AT91107453T patent/ATE85388T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-08 EP EP91107453A patent/EP0457171B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-08 DE DE9191107453T patent/DE59100035D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-10 US US07/698,132 patent/US5109953A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT394077B (en) | 1992-01-27 |
| ATE85388T1 (en) | 1993-02-15 |
| EP0457171A1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
| US5109953A (en) | 1992-05-05 |
| ATA110390A (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| DE59100035D1 (en) | 1993-03-18 |
| ES2039130T3 (en) | 1993-08-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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