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EP0379061B1 - Ausstattungsteil für eine Uhr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents

Ausstattungsteil für eine Uhr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0379061B1
EP0379061B1 EP19900100499 EP90100499A EP0379061B1 EP 0379061 B1 EP0379061 B1 EP 0379061B1 EP 19900100499 EP19900100499 EP 19900100499 EP 90100499 A EP90100499 A EP 90100499A EP 0379061 B1 EP0379061 B1 EP 0379061B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
less
exterior part
part according
chromium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900100499
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0379061A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Loth
Pierre-Alain Walder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Original Assignee
Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches filed Critical Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches
Publication of EP0379061A1 publication Critical patent/EP0379061A1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an outer piece of clothing for a watch made of stainless steel, such as for example a case or case, as well as a method of manufacturing such a piece.
  • the external steel parts for a watch such as the cases or middle parts, are made of austenitic stainless steel.
  • austenitic stainless steel One of the main reasons for this choice is that this type of steel can be easily stamped or stamped.
  • austenitic steels contain a significant proportion of nickel (around 10%), which constitutes a major drawback for a watch case.
  • nickel is a highly allergenic constituent so that to avoid any contamination by the wearer's skin, many countries have set up strict standards, thereby prohibiting the sale on their territory of timepieces that do not satisfy not to these standards. What is more, nickel is on the world markets subject to significant price increases, which increases the cost of timepieces accordingly.
  • this steel has a high magnetic permeability.
  • the box which advantageously forms a screen protects the movement against magnetic fields liable to disturb its operation
  • nickel is only present in this composition in a trace state so that, on the one hand, the allergenic character is thereby eliminated and, on the other hand, the cost of the box. and the timepiece fitted with it can be considerably reduced.
  • ferritic steel has so far never been generalized in the production of clothing for watches. This is because manufacturers and metallurgists in the watch industry have always rejected ferritic steels because of their strong propensity for grain enlargement during heat treatments.
  • the box is considered fragile and even small impacts (falls) can cause it to break.
  • the box has an appearance qualified as "orange peel", that is to say as hammered or bumpy.
  • the invention aims to overcome all these difficulties by providing a piece of clothing made of stainless steel forming a magnetic screen, at the lowest possible cost and having no allergenic character, but it also aims to provide a piece of clothing sufficiently solid and of an aspect allowing its commercial exploitation successfully.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method which is characterized in that, in order to manufacture a piece of clothing as defined above, the steel used is in the form of a rolled strip, from which blanks are cut by a stamping operation, then formed by cold stamping operations, with a recrystallization heat treatment between each of the operations, and in that the parts obtained are then finished with finishing operations.
  • Stainless steels are metallic alloys based on iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr), and also comprising other materials such as nickel (Ni), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) , manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), silicon (Si) and niobium (Nb).
  • Ni, C, N, Mn nickel-C
  • Ni, C, N, Mn manganese
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Si silicon
  • Nb niobium
  • Ni, C, N, Mn tend to favor a crystalline structure of cubic type, centered faces, also called gamma type. They are called gammagens.
  • Ni * Ni% + 30 (C + N)% + 0.5 Mn%.
  • Martensitic steels are characterized by a low content of alphagenic and gammagenic compounds. They behave similar to carbon steels. They therefore allow themselves to be soaked and machined well. However, because of their low chromium content, they unfortunately have insufficient resistance to oxidation to be able to be used in the manufacture of clothing parts for watches. This type of steel will therefore not be examined further.
  • Austenitic steel has a face-centered cubic type structure, that is to say of gamma type. Its composition is therefore particularly rich in gammagenic compounds, in particular nickel, but also in alphagenic compounds.
  • Ferritic steel has a centered cubic type structure, that is to say an alpha type structure. Its composition is therefore particularly rich in alphagenic compounds.
  • certain alloys comprise both zones of two or even each of the three types of stainless steel.
  • the first values, (elastic limits Re) represented a first obstacle to the use of ferritic steels since, on the one hand, the tools for stamping have pressure limits in use and that, on the other hand, need of energy automatically leads to an increase in machining costs which must be passed on to the cost price of the box.
  • the ferritic stainless steel used has a composition which meets the following conditions: concentration in chromium equivalent of between 17.5 and 22%; nickel equivalent concentration less than or equal to 2%; and chromium concentration less than 18.5%.
  • the concentration of gamma compounds is substantially defined by the carbon and nitrogen content.
  • An increase in this content causes an increase in the sensitivity to oxidation and a decrease in the sensitivity to grain enlargement.
  • the proportion of chromium or chromium equivalent must be increased, which has the effect of reducing the deformability. Applicant's practical tests have shown that it is advantageous to choose a steel with a low carbon and nitrogen content, despite the increased sensitivity to grain enlargement, since the number of stamping operations can be greatly reduced.
  • the ferritic steel used must therefore have a chromium equivalent value of between 17.5% and 22%.
  • the steel oxidizes too easily, above, it becomes difficult to deform.
  • the increase in the chromium concentration contributes to reducing the deformability which is why this concentration should not exceed 18.5%.
  • the steels chosen will have a composition comprised within the following limits:
  • a piece of watch clothing for example a middle part
  • a steel strip 1802 laminated to a thickness close to that of the finished middle part.
  • the blanks are then cut by a stamping operation, then formed by cold stamping, using a die and a punch.
  • the latter together define a housing having the final shape of the middle part.
  • three stampings are enough to obtain the final shape.
  • the middle parts thus obtained are then finished with conventional finishing operations. It is very clear that after each stamping and work hardening operation, the material undergoes a recrystallization heat treatment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Außenbekleidungsstück für Uhr, bestehend aus einem ausschließlich ferritischem Stahl, der gammastrukturbildende Elemente umfaßt, gewählt unter Nickel (Ni), Kohlenstoff (C), Stickstoff (N) und Mangan (Mn), deren Konzentration im Nickeläquivalent Ni* durch die Formel ausgedrückt ist:

            Ni* = Ni % + 30 (C + N) % + 0,5 Mn %

    sowie alphastrukturbildende Elemente umfaßt, gewählt unter Chrom (Cr), Molybdän (Mo), Silizium (Si), Niob (Nb), deren Konzentration im Chromäquivalent Cr* gegeben ist, ausgedrückt durch die Formel:

            Cr* = Cr % + Mo % + 1,5 Si % + 0,5 Nb %

    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl eine nominale Zusammensetzung hat, die den folgenden Bedingungen genügt:
       Cr* liegt zwischen 17,5 % und 22 % ;
       Ni* ist kleiner oder gleich 2 % ; und
       die Konzentration an Cr ist kleiner oder gleich 18,5 %.
  2. Bekleidungsstück nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl die folgende nominale Zusammensetzung aufweist : Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff gemeinsam : weniger als 0,07 % ; Silizium : weniger als 0,8 % ; Chrom : zwischen 17 und 18,5 % ; Molybdän : zwischen 1 und 4 % ; Niob und Titan gemeinsam : weniger als 1 % ; Mangan : weniger als 1,2 % ; Schwefel : weniger als 0,5 % ; und Nickel : weniger als 1 %, wobei der Rest Eisen und unvermeidliche Verunreinigungen sind.
  3. Bekleidungsstück nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl eine nominale Zusammensetzung mit Schwefel zwischen 0,3 und 0,5 % aufweist.
  4. Bekleidungsstück nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl 0,3 % Schwefel enthält.
  5. Bekleidungsstück nach Anspruch 1, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl mindestens 1 % Molybdän enthält.
  6. Bekleidungsstück nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl 2,3 % Molybdän enthält.
  7. Bekleidungsstück nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl eine nominale Zusammensetzung aufweist, die den folgenden Bedingungen genügt:
          Cr* = 21,05 %
          Ni* = 0,9 %
  8. Bekleidungsstück nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl zwischen 0,1 und 0,4 % Niob umfaßt.
  9. Bekleidungsstück nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stahl im wesentlichen die folgende nominale Zusammensetzung aufweist : Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff gemeinsam : weniger als 0,03 % ; Silizium : 0,5 % ; Mangan : 0,5 % ; Schwefel : 0,3 % ; Chrom : 18 % ; Molybdän : 2,3 % ; Titan : 0,6 % ; der Rest bestehend aus Eisen und unvermeidlichen Verunreinigungen.
  10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stückes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der verwendete Stahl sich in Form eines Laminatbandes darstellt, daß man einen Rohling aus dem Band durch einen Stanzvorgang austrennt, danach durch Kaltverformungsarbeitsgänge formt mit einer thermischen Rekristallisationsbehandlung zwischen jedem dieser Arbeitsgänge, und daß das Ausgehen von den Rohlingen erhaltene Teil danach durch Endbearbeitungsarbeitsgänge fertiggestellt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl der Stampf- und Verformarbeitsgänge kleiner oder gleich 5 ist.
EP19900100499 1989-01-18 1990-01-11 Ausstattungsteil für eine Uhr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0379061B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH14789 1989-01-18
CH147/89 1989-01-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0379061A1 EP0379061A1 (de) 1990-07-25
EP0379061B1 true EP0379061B1 (de) 1992-12-23

Family

ID=4180321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900100499 Expired - Lifetime EP0379061B1 (de) 1989-01-18 1990-01-11 Ausstattungsteil für eine Uhr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0379061B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03111542A (de)
DE (1) DE69000614T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0964071A1 (de) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 Asulab S.A. Ferritischer rostfreier Stahl und Aussenteil für eine Uhr aus diesem Stahl
US20060130938A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2006-06-22 Firth Ag Ferritic steel alloy
EP3176653B1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2018-09-26 Cartier International AG Uhrkomponente, die eine magnetische abschirmfunktion hat und eine stahllegierung umfasst

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1140573A (fr) * 1956-01-25 1957-07-29 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Aciers ferritiques au chrome
FR2055782B1 (de) * 1969-08-18 1973-11-16 Uebelhardt Roger
BE805253A (en) * 1973-09-25 1974-01-16 Nyby Bruk Ab Welded constructions - of corrosion resistant chrome steel sheets, eg vess-els, pipes heat-exchangers for hot water
US4360381A (en) * 1980-04-11 1982-11-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Ferritic stainless steel having good corrosion resistance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69000614T2 (de) 1993-07-08
JPH03111542A (ja) 1991-05-13
EP0379061A1 (de) 1990-07-25
DE69000614D1 (de) 1993-02-04

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