EP0286701B1 - Method and device for the edge trimming of round wood - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for processing round wood into beams, boards, profiles or the like, which are worked all round, in which the round wood is flattened all round, progressively in the longitudinal direction, in a plurality of operations, characterised in that the round wood is flattened in one operation simultaneously on at least two sides.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for all-round processing of naturally grown tree trunks to form truncated pyramid-like beams. It relates in particular to a method and a device for processing tree trunks into beams, boards, profiles or the like machined on all sides.

Such all-round machining is quite time-consuming and therefore also costly: if you want to save work steps, you can remove or flatten large segments from the surface of the log; but then has a large loss of material. If you want to keep the material loss low, you have to carry out many operations, which is time-consuming and therefore also costly.

EP-A-167 013 discloses a method for flattening tree trunks on all sides in a single operation.

The patent publication EP-A-222 728 (state of the art according to Art 54 (3)) shows a device for processing tree trunks into prismatic or pyramid-shaped beams, which cut the tree by at least two mutually opposing processing tools, which during the trimming transverse to the direction of The longitudinal extent of the tree trunk can be moved along straight lines and inclined to the axis of the tree trunk, in particular converging towards the axis of the tree trunk. This publication also teaches that processing is to be carried out in two steps, for example in forward and reverse, with the tree being turned through 90 ° once between forward and reverse.

The object of the invention is to provide a method for trimming or flattening logs on all sides with little expenditure of time and at low cost.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and also by the features of claim 2.

The flat sides, which are formed by trimming or flattening the tree trunk or the log in one work cycle, can lie opposite one another, be directly adjacent or adjoin a previously formed or later to be formed flats. The selection of the pages to be processed in one operation can be made according to the work tools to be used.

The flattening of the logs is expediently tapered in accordance with the natural growth or carried out according to a chosen taper; this reduces material loss to a minimum.

In the context of the present invention, the log can be flattened on four, six, eight, ten or twelve sides. The more pages are flattened to the waste and thus the loss of material can be kept so small.

According to a preferred development of the invention, three sides are flattened in each of the first and second work steps, two of which each form an angle greater than 90 ° that is adjacent to one another.

This design of the method allows the log to be processed with a few work passes and with relatively simple tools, as will be described further below.

It also has the advantage that it does not specify the number of flattenings or sides, but rather allows different flattenings.

The round timber can be rotated by 180 ° after going through the first work step and processed in mirror image in a second work step. As a result, the same flattening tools, which can be saws of any kind or cutting tools, can be used to form further flattenings.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the round wood is processed simultaneously with a second tool set, which is offset by 180 ° in mirror image with the first tool set and is designed to be controllable or controllable with respect to the round wood, in the same work cycle. Depending on the number of tools in a set, it is possible according to this training to have a log in one work cycle to process on four, six, eight or ten pages at the same time. By controlling individual tools towards or away from the log, the conicity of the log can be taken into account.

It is also possible to carry out both work steps in one pass with a second tool set, which is offset by 180 ° in a mirror image, at least at a distance from the length of the log, in association with a hinged log insert.

If you are working with tool sets with three tools each and if you want to flatten the log to a circumference with eight sides, the remaining two forest edges can be flattened by two opposite sawing or cutting tools or removed in separate work steps.

Flattening on twelve lateral surfaces is also advantageous. This goal can be achieved in the context of the present invention in a number of ways, for example by machining with tool sets with three tools each in four passes, or by machining with mirrored tool sets with three tools each in two passes, or by means of tool sets arranged one behind the other in the direction of passage in one pass.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for trimming or flattening logs on all sides.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that two axially parallel removal tools arranged next to one another are delimited on both sides with one removal tool each, the axes of which form an angle of less than 90 ° to the axis-parallel sawing tools.

The invention has a surprising number of advantages:
First of all, it is obvious that with this device according to the invention, a log can be processed simultaneously on three or more sides in one work cycle. According to the methods described above, a log can be processed on all sides with this device.

This device also makes it possible to process a round log into a four-sided beam. To do this, the log can first be processed on three sides simultaneously in a single pass, and then the remaining rounding or forest edge can be removed on a smooth surface using the axially parallel removal tools. The device according to the invention thus enables the economical processing of logs into four-, six-, eight-, ten- or twelve-sided or even multi-sided beams.

The device according to the invention also has the further advantage that it is suitable for cutting the beams processed on all sides into boards. This is possible because after one more Education of the invention, the axially parallel removal tools are arranged transversely to the direction of the round timber relative to each other adjustable. The area to be cut by both axially parallel tools, which is larger in the middle of the log than in the other layers, can be set to the desired value.

The removal tools mentioned can be of any type, for example circular saws, chain saws, any other saws or cutting tools. Even if one speaks in the claims or the description of saws, other tools, provided that they achieve the desired effect, are also to be considered as disclosed within the scope of the invention.

The removal tools arranged laterally from the axially parallel tools are expediently adjustable in their inclination relative to the axes of the axially parallel tools. The device according to the invention is thus suitable for processing logs into beams or profiles with almost any circumferential shape.

The axially parallel removal tools, for example sawing tools, are offset one behind the other in relation to the way to work and arranged in such a way that their cutting circles overlap slightly. In this way it is ensured that they produce a smooth flattening without leaving a protruding rib. Furthermore, the risk of the two axially parallel sawing tools interfering with one another is thereby eliminated.

The progressive work path is expediently triggered by the longitudinally moving work tools or by the longitudinally moving log. This makes it possible to process the log in accordance with its geometry.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the working path for producing the flats to the axis of the log includes an acute angle corresponding to the natural course of the forest edge.

The work tools are expediently slidably mounted in inclinable guides.

In this context, it is pointed out that the device according to the invention allows the processing of logs in a variable, desired manner. So it can be used to process a log into a pyramid-shaped beam, the surfaces of which are all trapezoidal. But it also allows the processing of logs into beams, some of which are conical or trapezoidal, but which can also have diametrically opposite surfaces that are parallel to each other.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a trolley with an incline-adjustable log holder can be provided, on which the log is fixed and can be moved past stationary tools.

In this embodiment of the invention, the tools are arranged to be controllable or controllable in accordance with the progressive work path to the log.

The tools can advantageously be pivoted and locked by definable angles.

The tools can be swiveled through 180 ° and locked in this position.

According to another development of the invention, the four axes of the sawing or cutting tools are arranged stationary with respect to one another, or can be brought and fixed in a position that is stationary relative to one another. Damait is the geometry of the beam to be formed from the log by processing.

The axes of the sawing or cutting tools, which are inclined on both sides of the axially parallel sawing tools, can be pivoted and can be locked at an angle of 90 ° to the axially parallel sawing tools.

The cutting tools are at least in the 90 ° position the progressive feed in relation to the round timber, or the feed of the round timber compared to the tools, according to the course of the forest edge to the round timber can be controlled or removed. As a result, the inclination of the surfaces machined by these tools can be adjusted in any way relative to the central axis of the log.

According to another further development of the invention, the sawing or cutting tools, which are inclined on both sides to the axially parallel sawing tools, can be moved towards or away from the log at a right angle to the parallel axes of the sawing tools. This development of the invention has the advantage, for example, that the beams created by machining the logs can be processed into boards with the axially parallel sawing tools, unhindered by the side working tools, which can be moved sufficiently far to the side.

The trimming of logs on eight or twelve sides results in particularly low wood waste, since only relatively thin forest edges are cut away. Boards or the like can be cut on the sides from a round wood flattened on eight or twelve sides, and the center piece can be used, for example, as a conical beam, with two or all four sides tapering.

If the entire log is to be processed into boards or smaller profiles, it is also advisable to flatten it on six sides, since this saves one work step.

To cut the boards or the like, the sawing or cutting tools, which are inclined on both sides, are pushed away, and the separation with the axially parallel sawing tools takes place in several passes. After further training in the invention, the guideway of the tools or the support of the feed carriage is set so that the feed path is axially parallel to the axis of the log.

Instead of a feed beam, an adjustable chain hoist can also be used to feed the log. The device can also be designed so that the first two operations are merged.

The configuration of the device, in particular the feed device and the inclination setting of the feed path, can also be designed in any other way.

The main object of the invention is to flatten logs eight- or possibly six-sided and their natural conical shape accordingly and to process at least three sides in one pass in order to keep the waste as low as possible and to obtain profiles machined on all sides.

Fig. 1

eine achtseitige Abflachung und die nachfolgende Verarbeitung zu Brettern und einem konischen Balken an.

Fig. 2

ein sechsseitig abgeflachtes Rundholz und die Weiterverarbeitung zu verschieden starken Brettern.

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung einer verfahrbaren dreiseitigen Bearbeitungseinheit mit Sägewerkzeugen.

Fig. 4

die Vorrichtung der Figur 3 mit auf 90° eingestellten seitlichen Sägewerkzeugen.

Fig. 5

eine ortsfeste Einheit, die mit Säge- und Spanwerkzeugen ausgerüstet ist; das Rundholz ruht auf einstellbaren Transportwagen, die schienengebunden unter den Werkzeugen fortschreitend bewegt werden.

Fig. 6

eine analoge ortsfeste Einrichtung, bei der die Unterseite des Rundholzes bearbeitet wird; das Rundholz wird beiderseits von Hydraulikstempel so nach oben gegen einstellbare Anlagen gedrückt, daß die Unterseite des Rundholzes schienenparallel zu liegen kommt.

Fig. 7

in schematischer Darstellung eine Anlage zur fortlaufenden Bearbeitung der Ober-und Unterseite, als eine weitere Ausführungsmöglichkeit.

Of course, depending on the space available, any other combinations are possible for continuous processing.
The invention is described below with reference to some embodiments and in connection with the drawing. In detail show:

Fig. 1

an eight-sided flattening and the subsequent processing into boards and a conical beam.

Fig. 2

a six-sided flattened log and further processing into boards of different thicknesses.

Fig. 3

is a schematic representation of a movable three-sided processing unit with sawing tools.

Fig. 4

the device of Figure 3 with lateral sawing tools set to 90 °.

Fig. 5

a fixed unit equipped with sawing and cutting tools; the round timber rests on adjustable transport trolleys, which are moved under rails under the tools.

Fig. 6

an analog stationary device in which the underside of the log is processed; the log is pressed on both sides by hydraulic rams against adjustable systems so that the underside of the log comes to lie parallel to the rails.

Fig. 7

a schematic representation of a system for continuous processing of the top and bottom, as a further embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows a body obtained by octagonally flattening a log, the circumferential line 10 of which is indicated. This is processed into boards 12 and a conical bar 14.

FIG. 2 shows a body obtained by flattening round logs on eight sides, the circumferential line 10 of which is indicated, which is sawn into boards 12 of different thicknesses.

FIG. 3 shows a processing unit according to the invention. Two axially parallel circular saws 24 and 25 are fastened to a chassis 20 which can be moved on wheels 22. As the double arrow 26 indicates, these circular saws can be adjusted towards and away from one another essentially transversely to the direction of travel of the processing unit.

To the right and left of the axially parallel circular saws 24 and 25, two sawing tools 28 and 29 are arranged, inclined at an obtuse angle to them.

A round log 32 is arranged on height-adjustable supports 30 within the open cross-section of the chassis 20. As can be seen on the dashed line 34, which represents the circumference of the end of the round wood facing away from the viewer, it is mounted on the stands 30 in such a way that the upper surface of the round wood is aligned horizontally. The log 32 is also arranged at such a height that the axially parallel sawing tools are at the height at which the upper flattening or the upper surface is to be formed.

To process the round timber, the chassis 20 of the processing unit is moved once over the entire length of the round timber with running sawing tools. The log 32 is flattened simultaneously on three sides.

The log is then turned through 180 ° about its longitudinal axis and placed on the stand 30, which are set to the desired height. Then the processing unit is again moved with running sawing tools over the entire length of the round timber 32, again 3 sides of the round timber 32 being flattened at the same time.

FIG. 4 shows the processing unit of FIG. 3, which, however, is set to flatten the remaining two lateral forest edges. For this purpose, the two axially parallel sawing tools 24 and 25 are moved into their upper end position, in which they are arranged at a clear distance above the log. The two side sawing tools 28 and 29 are each placed vertically.

If the processing unit is moved in this position, with running sawing tools 28 and 29, over the entire length of the long timber, which has six flat sides and two forest edge edges, the two forest edges are sawn off.

This embodiment has been described in connection with sawing tools 28 and 29. This example is not to be understood as restricting protection.

If the removal tools 28 and 29 are to be moved toward or away from the long timber while the processing unit is being advanced, then removal tools 28 and 29 are preferably used as cutting tools.

24, 25, 28 and 29 generally refer to abrasive or flattening tools. So instead of circular saws or cutting tools, chainsaws or saws can also be used.

As can be seen from these Figures 3 and 4, the processing unit shown therein allows the round-sided flattening of a log in only three work passes.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. In turn, two axially parallel sawing tools 24, 25 and two oblique removal tools 28 and 29 are mounted on a gate-shaped, fixed stand 36 of a processing unit. The round timber 32 is mounted on height-adjustable stands 34, which in turn can be moved on wheels 36. In this embodiment, the log 32 is moved relative to the processing unit. The axially parallel sawing tools 24 and 25 are in turn mounted in a height-adjustable manner, and the lateral removal tools 28 and 29 are mounted so as to be displaceable both in their inclination and in their height position.

FIG. 6 shows a stationary base frame 38, which is anchored to the floor and carries adjustable axially parallel sawing tools 24 and 25 and the lateral removal tools 28 and 29 on its concave upper side. Hydraulic rams 44 and an adjustable upper system 46 are provided in a carriage 40 which can be moved by means of wheels 42 running on rails. The log 32 is pressed upwards by means of the hydraulic ram 44 against the adjustable system 46 and held in this position while the carriage 40 moves the log 32 in the working direction, with the removal tools 24, 25, 28 and 29 the log 32 simultaneously on three sides flatten.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a system for the continuous processing of the top and bottom sides as a further possible embodiment. In the first section, the upper side is processed according to FIG. 5. In the second section, the right section in FIG. 7, that is to say after passing through the processing unit 36, a luffing carriage 50 takes over the round timber according to the diagram in FIG. 6, the left and middle ones Rollers 53 and 54 rest on rails 58. After return of the transport carriage or mobile stand 34, 36 according to FIG. 5, the seesaw carriage 50 is tilted as shown in FIG. 7. At the time the log is taken over, the top of the log is parallel to the rail, as indicated by the triangle 60 in FIG. By tilting the seesaw carriage 50, the underside of the round timber 32 comes into a position parallel to the rails, so that the lower edge of the round timber 32 is located at the level of the upper edge of the triangle 62. For precise setup, an outer pair of rollers 52 or 56 on the seesaw carriage 50 is designed to be height-adjustable.

Depending on the space available or other conditions, any other combinations are possible for continuous processing.

Claims (18)

1. Method for all-round working of naturally grown trunks to truncated-pyramidal beams,
   in which a relative movement is effected between a tree trunk aligned substantially parallel to a working plane and a tool set,
   the tool set consists of at least three cutting and trimming tools (24, 25, 28, 29),
   of which a first working tool (24, 25) can generate a first cut face parallel to the working plane,
   and two further working tools (28, 29) can generate second and third cutting faces which each adjoin the first cutting face at an obtuse angle,
   the two further working tools are guided on paths which extend perpendicularly to the second and third cut faces and execute a continuous feed movement, the working tools acting during the operation substantially at constant spacing of a respective generatrix of the trunk,
   and a first working operation is carried out in which the trunk is aligned with an upper generatrix parallel to the working plane,
   and after the first working operation a rotation of the trunk about 180° round its axis is effected and an adaptation of the relative spacing between tool set and trunk support carried out,
   and thereafter in a second working operation a relative movement is carried out between the tool set and trunk in the reverse direction.
2. Method for all-round working of naturally grown trunks to truncated-pyramidal beams,
   in which a relative movement is effected between a tree trunk aligned substantially parallel to a working plane and a tool set,
   the tool set consists of at least three cutting and trimming tools (24, 25, 28, 29),
   of which a first working tool (24, 25) can generate a first cut face parallel to the working plane,
   and two further working tools (28, 29) can generate second and third cutting faces which each adjoin the first cutting face at an obtuse angle,
   the two further working tools are guided on paths which extend perpendicularly to the second and third cut faces and execute a continuous feed movement, the working tools acting during the operation substantially at constant spacing of a respective generatrix of the trunk,
   and a first working operation is carried out in which the trunk is aligned with an upper generatrix parallel to the working plane,
   and a second tool set is provided which is similar to the first tool set and follows the first tool set in space relationship in the working longitudinal direction, the first and the second tools sets are accommodated in stationary frames in which the first tool set acts on the upper surface region of the trunk and the second tool set acts on the lower surface region of the trunk,
   a first carriage is provided having vertically adjustable stands (34) for transporting the trunk along the first tool set and
   a second carriage (50) is provided having vertically adjustable stands for transporting the trunk along the second tool set, which is constructed as tilt carriage,
   after completion of the working at the first tool set the trunk is received by the tilt carriage and there tilted into a position in which the lower generatrix lies substantially parallel to the working plane,
   whereupon the working is carried out along the second tool set without changing the direction of movement of the trunk.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the first and in the second working operation three sides are flattened, every two adjacent of which enclose an angle greater than 90°.
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the round wood is flattened corresponding to the natural growth conically or in accordance with a selected conicity.
5. Apparatus for all round working of naturally grown trunks to truncated-pyramidal beams, in which a relative movement is effected between a trunk aligned substantially parallel to a working plane and a tool set and a means is provided for horizontal alignment of the trunk,
   the tool set consists of at least three cutting and flattening tools (24, 25, 28, 29),
   of which a first working tool (24, 25) can generate a first cut face extending parallel to the working plane,
   and two further working tools (28, 29) can generate second and third cut faces which each adjoin the first cut face at an obtuse angle,
   the two further working tools are guided on paths which extend perpendicularly to the second and third cut faces and execute a continuous feed movement, the working tools acting during operation substantially at constant spacing of in each case a generatrix of the trunk,
   and in which the first working tool is made up of two adjacently disposed axis-parallel removing or saw tools (24, 25).
6. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the axis-parallel removing or saw tools (24, 25) are adjustable relatively to each other substantially transversely of the working passage direction.
7. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the tools (28, 29) arranged on both sides of the axis-parallel tools (24, 25) are adjustable in their inclination.
8. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the removing tools (24, 25, 28, 29, 60, 61) are saw tools, cutting tools or other tools trimming the bark and/or rounding of the round wood.
9. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the axis-parallel saw tools (24, 25) are arranged offset one behind the other with respect to the working path and the cutting circles thereof slightly overlap.
10. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the progressive working path is initiated by the longitudinally moved removing tools or by the longitudinally moved round wood (32).
11. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the working path for generating the flattenings forms with the axis of the round wood (32) an acute angle corresponding to the natural path of the rough edge.
12. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the removing tools are displaceably mounted in inclination-adjustable guides.
13. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the round wood (32) is fixed on a carriage (34, 36, 50) with inclination-adjustable round wood receiving means and adapted to be moved past stationary tools (38, 24, 25).
14. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the tools (24, 25, 28, 29) are adapted to be moved towards or away from the round wood (32) corresponding to the progressive working path.
15. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the tools (24, 25, 28, 29) are pivotal through predeterminable angles and lockable.
16. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the tools (24, 25, 28, 29) are pivotal through 180° and lockable in that position.
17. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the four axes of the saw and cutting tools (24, 25, 28, 29) are arranged stationary with respect to each other or can be brought into a position stationary with respect to each other and locked.
18. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims, characterized in that the axes of the saw and cutting tools (28, 29) arranged on both sides of the axis-parallel saw tools (24, 25) are pivotal and lockable at an angle of 90° to the axis-parallel saw tools.

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