EP0119118A1 - Modular stairway - Google Patents
Modular stairway Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0119118A1 EP0119118A1 EP84400279A EP84400279A EP0119118A1 EP 0119118 A1 EP0119118 A1 EP 0119118A1 EP 84400279 A EP84400279 A EP 84400279A EP 84400279 A EP84400279 A EP 84400279A EP 0119118 A1 EP0119118 A1 EP 0119118A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intended
- stringers
- straight
- staircase according
- posts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
- E04F11/025—Stairways having stringers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
- E04F11/035—Stairways consisting of a plurality of assembled modular parts without further support
Definitions
- the invention relates to a modular staircase made up of elementary parts compatible with each other and the assembly of which lends itself to a number of combinations which covers practically all the cases of figures encountered in practice.
- Modular staircases already exist on the market, but the module, in the known examples, comprises a certain number of integrated elements, which makes it bulky, limits its application and implies an adaptation of the layout according to the module. There are also problems with the presentation on site and the installation of these elements pre-integrated at the origin, which therefore have a considerable size.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks and relates to a staircase which can be delivered completely in separate parts, which the user assembles according to his need. He no longer has to adapt the layout according to the staircase, but on the contrary, he builds this staircase on demand and whatever this layout.
- each elementary piece constituting the staircase is available in separate parts in the form of straight steps of constant width, of straight stringers provided with housings for embedding intended to receive the ends of each straight step.
- revolving stringers fitted with recess housings intended to receive the wide ends of the revolving quarter steps, and of a support post comprising recess recesses intended to receive the narrow ends of these steps , the terminal sections of all these elements being standardized to ensure their assembly together regardless of the combination chosen.
- a staircase according to the invention is first constituted by the combination of two stringers 1 and 2 carrying notches 100 in which straight steps md 1 , md 2 ... md n are recessed.
- stringers 1 and 2 carrying notches 100 in which straight steps md 1 , md 2 ... md n are recessed.
- There are two types of stringers, some such as 2 are intended to be made integral with a wall or a partition by any known connecting means symbolized in the figures by the orifices 10, 11 into which can be precisely introduced these means (screws for example).
- the first and the last straight step of each of these pre-elements or modules constructed from elementary parts, available in spare parts that are the stringers 1, 2 and the steps md 1 ...
- each stringer has a section terminal T standardized with respect to the sections of the other ends of the elementary parts in accordance with the invention, and which will be described below.
- This characteristic allows these parts to be assembled together using screws 14 and pin 15, whatever choice is made of the various elementary parts to be assembled. It is possible to provide covers 16 which embellish the staircase at the level of the terminal sections T which remain visible when the assembly of the staircase is finished.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 now represent two other modules constituting two revolving quarters 22 and 23 rotating respectively to the right and to the left.
- Each of these neighborhoods is made up of so-called “rotating neighborhood stringers” referenced 24 and 25.
- the latter include housings in which the wide side (L) of the rotating neighborhood steps mt 1 to mt n is embedded while the side narrow (1) of these same steps is embedded in housings provided for this purpose in a support post 26. This has four sides and is shown schematically on la.figure 5 from different angles.
- the stringers of rotating neighborhoods have end sections T standardized with respect to the end sections of the other elementary parts in accordance with the invention, which makes all these parts compatible with one another.
- the revolving quarter stringers may have a slightly rounded profile, which, while ensuring the function of step support, gives them a more aesthetic appearance.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a support post 26 seen from different angles along its sides (a, b) for Figure 5a, (b, c) for Figure 5b, (c, d) for Figure 5c.
- a support post 26 essentially consists of two parts, a main body 32 of square section and an extension 33 to this body 32 of rectangular section.
- angle-fitting housing 30 interesting the sides b and c, situated practically at the junction of the body 32 and the extension 33.
- a right recess housing 31 on the side b and finally an angle recess housing 300 located at the lower part of the post 26 on the faces a and b.
- the heights h between the mounting housings meet the standards in force.
- Side d does not carry any mounting housing.
- a right recess 35 is provided in the face c of the extension 33.
- the support posts 26 have sections T equipped with screws and journals compatible with the terminal sections T of the rotating quarter stringers described above.
- Figures 6 and 7 show by way of nonlimiting example of staircase arrangements. There are all the elementary parts, described above with, in addition, body guards and a set of intermediate posts.
- the user therefore orders the elementary parts in accordance with the invention which are delivered to him in spare parts. He assembles them on site and can thus obtain on request any staircase he wishes, perfectly adaptable to all locations.
- FIG. 6 it may be a staircase comprising a first straight part 20 assembled with a first turning quarter 22 then a second turning quarter 23 followed by a new straight part 21.
- a set of intermediate posts complete the set.
- These intermediate posts have, in accordance with the invention, sections T equipped with pins and screws which allow their assembly between themselves and with the other spare parts, as has been described above.
- these intermediate posts have profiles suitable for covering the extension 33 of a support post 26. This is the case, for example, of the intermediate post 75 which has a slot 76 capable of performing this function. That's also the case for the intermediate posts77 intended to cooperate with a stringer and which have a profile 78, with a partially split profile, allowing its connection precisely with a stringer 1 or 2.
- connection posts 90 can also be provided ensuring the junction between a first body guard such as 8 5 corresponding to a straight module 20 or 21 and a second body guard 95 corresponding to a revolving neighborhood 22.
- FIG. 7 Another nonlimiting example of assembling elementary parts in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG. 7. It is a staircase made up of two straight modules 20 and 21, a rotating quarter 23 with its support post. 26. As in the previous example, a set of intermediate posts, one 75 with a split profile 76, the other 77 with a partially split profile 78 completes the assembly and allows the connection of the bodyguards 85.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un escalier modulaire constitué de pièces élémentaires compatibles les unes avec les autres et dont l'assemblage se prête à un nombre de combinaisons qui couvre pratiquement tous les cas de figures rencontrés concrètement dans la pratique.The invention relates to a modular staircase made up of elementary parts compatible with each other and the assembly of which lends itself to a number of combinations which covers practically all the cases of figures encountered in practice.
Il existe déjà dans le commerce des escaliers modulaires mais le module,dans les exemples connus,comporte un certain nombre d'éléments intégrés, ce qui le rend encombrant , limite son application et implique une adaptation de l'implantation en fonction du module. On rencontre également des problèmes au niveau de la présentation sur place et de la pose de ces éléments pré-intégrés à l'origine, qui présentent donc un encombrement non négligeable.Modular staircases already exist on the market, but the module, in the known examples, comprises a certain number of integrated elements, which makes it bulky, limits its application and implies an adaptation of the layout according to the module. There are also problems with the presentation on site and the installation of these elements pre-integrated at the origin, which therefore have a considerable size.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier ces inconvénients et concerne un escalier livrable totalement en pièces détachées, que l'utilisateur assemble en fonction de son besoin. Il n'a plus à adapter l'implantation en fonction de l'escalier, mais au contraire, il construit cet escalier à la demande et quelque soit cette implantation.The purpose of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks and relates to a staircase which can be delivered completely in separate parts, which the user assembles according to his need. He no longer has to adapt the layout according to the staircase, but on the contrary, he builds this staircase on demand and whatever this layout.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un escalier modulaire, caractérisé en ce que chaque pièce élémentaire constitutive de l'escalier est livrable en pièces détachées sous la forme de marches droites de largeur constante, de limons droits munis de logementsd'encastrements destinés à recevoir les extrémités de chaque marche droite., de limons dits de quartier tournant, munis de logements d'encastrements destinés à recevoir les extrémités larges des marches de quartier tournant, et d'un poteau support comportant des logements d'encastrement destinés à recevoir les extrémités étroites de ces marches, les sections terminales de tous ces éléments étant normalisées pour assurer leur assemblage entre elles quelque soit la combinaison choisie.It relates more particularly to a modular staircase, characterized in that each elementary piece constituting the staircase is available in separate parts in the form of straight steps of constant width, of straight stringers provided with housings for embedding intended to receive the ends of each straight step., of so-called revolving stringers, fitted with recess housings intended to receive the wide ends of the revolving quarter steps, and of a support post comprising recess recesses intended to receive the narrow ends of these steps , the terminal sections of all these elements being standardized to ensure their assembly together regardless of the combination chosen.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des explications qui vont suivre et des figures jointes parmi lesquelles :
- Les figures 1 à 5 représentent schématiquement des pièces élémentaires conformes à l'invention.
- Les figures 6 et 7 représentent schématiquement des exemples d'escaliers réalisés au moyen de ces pièces élémentaires.
- Figures 1 to 5 schematically represent elementary parts according to the invention.
- Figures 6 and 7 schematically represent examples of stairs made using these elementary parts.
Pour plus de clarté, les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références dans toutes les figures.For the sake of clarity, the same elements are given the same references in all the figures.
Comme le montrent les figures 1 et 2, un escalier conforme à l'invention est d'abord constitué par la combinaison de deux limons 1 et 2 portant des encoches 100 dans lesquelles des marches droites md1, md2... mdn sont encastrées. Il existe deux types de limons, les uns tels que 2 sont destinés à être rendus solidaires d'un mur ou d'une cloison par tout moyen de liaison connu symbolisé sur les figures par les orifices 10, 11 dans lesquels peuvent être précisément introduits ces moyens (des vis par exemple).Pour assurer la rigidité de l'ensemble et garantir sa bonne tenue mécanique, la première et la dernière marche droite de chacun de ces pré- éléments ou modules construits à partir des pièces élémentaires, livrables en pièces détachées, que sont les limons 1, 2 et les marches md1...mdn, sont rendues solidaires, notamment, des limons par un système de vis 12 et 13. Conformément à l'invention, les extrémités de chaque limon présentent une section terminale T normalisée par rapport aux sections des autres extrémités des pièces élémentaires conformes à l'invention, et qui seront décrites ci-dessous. Cette caractéristique permet l'assemblage entre elles de ces pièces par vis 14 et tourillon 15, quelque soit le choix que l'on fait des différentes pièces élémentaires à assembler. On peut prévoir des caches 16 qui viennent enjoliver l'escalier au niveau des sections terminales T qui restent visibles lorsque le montage de l'escalier est terminé.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a staircase according to the invention is first constituted by the combination of two
On a décrit là deux'types de parties droites d'escalier ou ma- dules 20 et 21. Les figures 2 et 3 représentent maintenant deux autres modules constituant deux quartiers tournants22 et 23 tournant respectivement à droite et à gauche. Chacun de ces quartiers est constitué de limons dits "limons de quartier tournant" référencés 24 et 25. Ces derniers comportent des logements dans lesquels s'encastre le côté large(L)des marches de quartier tournant mt1 à mtn tandis que le côté étroit (1) de ces mêmes marches est encastré dans des logements prévus à cet effet dans un poteau support 26. Celui-ci a quatre côtés et il est représenté schématiquement sur la.figure 5 sous différents angles. Comme dans le cas des limons droits décrits précédemment, les limons de quartierstournantsprésentent des sections terminales T normalisées par rapport aux sections terminales des autres pièces élémentaires conformes à l'invention, ce qui rend toutes ces pièces compatibles entre elles. Les limons de quartiers tournants peuvent présenter un profil légèrement arrondi, ce qui, tout en assurant la fonction de support de marches, leur confère une allure plus esthétique.Two types of straight staircase or
La figure 5 représente schématiquement un poteau support 26 vu sous différents angles selon ses côtés (a, b) pour la figure 5a, (b, c) pour la figure 5b, (c, d) pour la figure 5c. Un tel poteau support 26 est essentiellement constitué de deux parties,un corps principal 32 à section carré et un prolongement 33 à ce corps 32 de section rectangulaire.Figure 5 schematically shows a
On peut définir donc quatre côtés a, b, c, d, et sur trois de ces côtés, à l'exclusion du côté d, on trouve des logements d'encastrement dans lesquels viennent s'encastrer les côtés étroits(1)des marches mt1, mt2, mtn.We can therefore define four sides a, b, c, d, and on three of these sides, excluding side d, there are recessing housings in which the narrow sides (1) of the steps are fitted. mt 1 , mt 2 , mt n .
On trouve un logement d'encastrement en angle 30 in- teressant les côtés b et c, situé pratiquement à la jonction du corps 32 et du prolongement 33. On trouve ensuite un un logement d'encastrement droit 31 sur le côté b et enfin un logement d'encastrement en angle 300 situé à la partie inférieur du poteau 26 sur les faces a et b.There is an angle-
Les hauteurs h entre les logements d'encastrement répondent aux normes en vigueur. La face d ne porte aucun logement d'encastrement. Un logement d'encastrement droit 35 est prévu dans la face c du prolongement 33.The heights h between the mounting housings meet the standards in force. Side d does not carry any mounting housing. A
Conformément à l'invention, les poteaux supports 26 présentent des sections T équipées de vis et tourillons compatibles avec les sections terminales T des limons de quartier tournant décrits précédemment.In accordance with the invention, the
Les figures 6 et 7 représentent à titre d'exemple non limitatif des montages d'escalier. On y retrouve toutes les pièces élémentaires, décrites précédemment avec, en plus, des gardes corps et un jeu de poteaux intermédiaires.Figures 6 and 7 show by way of nonlimiting example of staircase arrangements. There are all the elementary parts, described above with, in addition, body guards and a set of intermediate posts.
En fonction de ses besoins, l'utilisateur commande donc les pièces élémentaires conformes à l'invention qui lui sont livrées en pièces détachées. Il les assemble sur place et peut ainsi obtenir à la demande tout escalier qu'il souhaite, parfaitement adaptable à toutes les implantations.Depending on his needs, the user therefore orders the elementary parts in accordance with the invention which are delivered to him in spare parts. He assembles them on site and can thus obtain on request any staircase he wishes, perfectly adaptable to all locations.
Par exemple, comme le montre la figure 6, il peut s'agir d'un escalier comportant une première partie droite 20 assemblée avec un premier quartier tournant 22 puis un second quartier tournant 23 suivi d'une nouvelle partie droite 21. Un jeu de poteaux intermédiaires complète l'ensemble. Ces poteaux intermédiaires comportent, conformément à l'invention, des sections T équipées de tourillons et de vis qui permettent leur assemblage entre eux-et avec les autres pièces détachées, comme cela a été décrit précédemment. De plus ces poteaux intermédiaires ont des profils adaptés pour venir coiffer le prolongement 33 d'un poteau support 26. C'est le cas, par exemple, du poteau intermédiaire 75 qui présente une fente 76 capable d'assurer cette fonction. C'est également le cas pour les poteauxintermédiaires77 destinés à coopérer avec un limon et qui comportent un profil 78, à profil partiellement fendu, permettant sa liaison précisément avec un limon 1 ou 2. On rencontre également un fourreau de décoration 79 et un support 80 de gardes-corps 85 destinés à être assembléssur un module droit 20 ou 21. Enfin peuvent également être prévus des poteaux de liaison 90 assurant la jonction entre un premier garde corps tels que 85 correspondant à un module droit 20 ou 21 et un second garde corps 95 correspondant à un quartier tournant 22.For example, as shown in FIG. 6, it may be a staircase comprising a first
Un autre exemple non limitatif d'assemblage de pièces élémentaires conformes à l'invention est représenté sur la figure 7. Il s'agit d'un escalier constitué de deux modules droits 20 et 21, d'un quartier tournant 23 avec son poteau support 26. Comme dans l'exemple précédent, un jeu de poteaux intermédiairesl'un 75 à profil fendu 76, l'autre 77 à profil partiellement fendu 78 complète l'ensemble et permet la liaison des gardes corps 85.Another nonlimiting example of assembling elementary parts in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG. 7. It is a staircase made up of two
On a seulement représenté deux exemplesd'assemblage mais on conçoit aisément qu'une grande variété de réalisations peut être obtenue en mettant en oeuvre un jeu de pièces élémentaires pour constituer des modules également assemblés entre eux pour aboutir à un escalier qui s'adapte parfaitement à toutes implantations.Une caractéristique importante doit être notée, caractéristique qui contribue précisément au caractère universel des escaliers modulaires conformes à l'invention. Ceux-ci comportent uniquement une combinaison de modules droits mettant en oeuvre des marches de largeur (L) constante et de quartier tournant mettant en oeuvre des marches d'angle sans qu'intervienne un module d'interface liant l'un à l'autre, en effet les quartiers tournants conformes à l'invention, vu en plan sont inscriptibles dans un carré.Only two examples of assembly have been shown, but it is easily understood that a large variety of embodiments can be obtained by implementing a set of elementary parts to form modules also assembled together to lead to a staircase which adapts perfectly to An important characteristic must be noted, a characteristic which contributes precisely to the universal character of the modular staircases in accordance with the invention. These only comprise a combination of straight modules implementing steps of constant width (L) and turning quarter implementing corner steps without the intervention of an interface module linking to each other. , in fact the revolving quarters according to the invention, seen in plan are writable in a square.
Les avantages présentés par l'invention sont nombreux. La réalisation des pièces élémentaires conforme à l'invention se prête parfaitement à une fabrication en série. Ensuite leur stockage et leur transport sont simplifiés. L'utilisateur, à partir de la nomenclature des pièces,peut construire lui-même son schéma d'escalier et commander les pièces élémentaires nécessaires à sa réalisation. Il en résulte pour chaque poste, un gain de temps et un gain d'argent, ceci en sauvegardant néanmoins un caractère personnalisé à l'ensemble et une allure agréable à l'oeil.The advantages presented by the invention are numerous. The production of the elementary parts in accordance with the invention lends itself perfectly to mass production. Then their storage and transport are simplified. The user, from the parts nomenclature, can build his own staircase diagram and order the basic parts necessary for its realization. The result for each position is a saving of time and a saving of money, this nevertheless retaining a personalized character to the whole and a look pleasing to the eye.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8302727A FR2540923A1 (en) | 1983-02-11 | 1983-02-11 | MODULAR STAIRCASE |
| FR8302727 | 1983-02-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0119118A1 true EP0119118A1 (en) | 1984-09-19 |
Family
ID=9286078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84400279A Ceased EP0119118A1 (en) | 1983-02-11 | 1984-02-10 | Modular stairway |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0119118A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2540923A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE9106940U1 (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1991-07-25 | RK Rose + Krieger GmbH & Co KG Verbindungs- und Positioniersysteme, 4952 Porta Westfalica | Side rail made of light metal for a staircase |
| DE4038722A1 (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1992-06-11 | Neucon Masch Bausystem | METHOD FOR CREATING A CHAIR STAIR AND CHAIR STAIRS AFTER THE METHOD |
| DE29602493U1 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1996-04-18 | Rubner, Günter, 35716 Dietzhölztal | Banisters |
| EP1122379A3 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2002-11-13 | Sweden House Co. Ltd. | Curved staircase and stair tread for curved staircase |
| WO2013130019A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-06 | Bodlaj Zdravko | Prefabricated modules for assembling modular staircase and a staircase consisting of such modules |
| JP2015209693A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 株式会社デイエムウッドラボ | Vertical string material for spiral stairway |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2573796B1 (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1990-04-13 | Est Ste Indle Menuiserie | PREFABRICATED STAIRS |
| US5617697A (en) * | 1996-01-03 | 1997-04-08 | Erwin Industries, Inc. | Composite deck post |
| US5862642A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-01-26 | Erwin Industries, Inc. | Reinforced composite deck post |
| FR2951209B1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-11-25 | Entpr Reux Freres | STAIRCASE |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1174913A (en) * | 1966-07-08 | 1969-12-17 | Jack Turner | Connecting Member |
| FR2332396A1 (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1977-06-17 | Emery Alexandre | Prefabricated staircase in two sections - has each section supplied with banister and vertical and horizontal step components slotted and bolted into position |
| FR2480334A1 (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-10-16 | France Menuisiers | Prefabricated staircase assembled on site - has side plates fixing treads into lateral support recesses on side rails |
-
1983
- 1983-02-11 FR FR8302727A patent/FR2540923A1/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-02-10 EP EP84400279A patent/EP0119118A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1174913A (en) * | 1966-07-08 | 1969-12-17 | Jack Turner | Connecting Member |
| FR2332396A1 (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1977-06-17 | Emery Alexandre | Prefabricated staircase in two sections - has each section supplied with banister and vertical and horizontal step components slotted and bolted into position |
| FR2480334A1 (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-10-16 | France Menuisiers | Prefabricated staircase assembled on site - has side plates fixing treads into lateral support recesses on side rails |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4038722A1 (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1992-06-11 | Neucon Masch Bausystem | METHOD FOR CREATING A CHAIR STAIR AND CHAIR STAIRS AFTER THE METHOD |
| DE9106940U1 (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1991-07-25 | RK Rose + Krieger GmbH & Co KG Verbindungs- und Positioniersysteme, 4952 Porta Westfalica | Side rail made of light metal for a staircase |
| DE29602493U1 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1996-04-18 | Rubner, Günter, 35716 Dietzhölztal | Banisters |
| EP1122379A3 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2002-11-13 | Sweden House Co. Ltd. | Curved staircase and stair tread for curved staircase |
| WO2013130019A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-06 | Bodlaj Zdravko | Prefabricated modules for assembling modular staircase and a staircase consisting of such modules |
| JP2015209693A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 株式会社デイエムウッドラボ | Vertical string material for spiral stairway |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2540923A1 (en) | 1984-08-17 |
| FR2540923B1 (en) | 1985-04-26 |
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