EP0114376A1 - Process for limiting interactions between liquid metal and atmosphere - Google Patents
Process for limiting interactions between liquid metal and atmosphere Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0114376A1 EP0114376A1 EP83112961A EP83112961A EP0114376A1 EP 0114376 A1 EP0114376 A1 EP 0114376A1 EP 83112961 A EP83112961 A EP 83112961A EP 83112961 A EP83112961 A EP 83112961A EP 0114376 A1 EP0114376 A1 EP 0114376A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lid
- gas
- atmosphere
- excess pressure
- generated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101150006573 PAN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0081—Treating and handling under pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for avoiding interactions between a metal bath in a pan and the atmosphere. It is common to subject pig iron or molten steel to treatments or alloying operations in pans. To produce steels with special properties, the sulfur content must be reduced as much as possible. Since both the blast furnace and the oxygen blowing converter offer limited desulfurization options, the pig iron or the steel outside the blast furnace or the converter must be desulfurized to produce these steel grades. Furthermore, in a large number of metallurgical processes, substances, e.g. Introduce alloying elements into the molten metal.
- lids It is known to provide the vessels in which the treatments of the melt are carried out with lids.
- the shape of the lid is adapted to the vessels used and is placed on the same by means of a trolley and hoist. It is provided with openings, for example to insert immersion lances, probes or cored wires into the system and to allow the exhaust gases to escape in a controlled manner.
- a lid is recommended to prevent the metal from escaping and splashing during treatment. restrict. In addition, the interaction between the metal bath and the atmosphere is reduced. Unfortunately.; The fit of the lid on the pan mantle deteriorates in the first time due to contamination by metal spraying and due to the highly foaming and splashing slags that arise during the treatment, so that there is no longer an effective separation between the metal bath and the atmosphere. In addition, due to environmental pollution regulations, the Deekel is usually connected directly to an extraction system. The vacuum created under the pan lid by the suction process causes fresh air to be sucked in continuously through the openings in the lid and the unavoidable gaps between the pan jacket and the lid ring. This fresh air naturally results in the bath being oxidized and embroidered.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the device.
- the device essentially comprises a pan 1 provided with a lid 2.
- the metal melt 4 covered with a slag layer 3 is located in the pan 1.
- the inside of the lid 2, which lies as tightly as possible on the pan jacket, is provided with a plurality of segments 5 provided that limit a cylindrical or funnel-shaped space.
- the purpose of this device is to prevent slag and metal from splashing onto the upper pan shell, since splashes would impair the fit of the lid on it (see application LU 84.481, which was filed by the applicant on November 19, 1982).
- the lid is also provided with a central opening 6 through which a Immersion lance 7 is introduced into the melt. Most of the gases formed and introduced in the vessel also escape through this opening 6.
- Blow stones 8 are advantageously arranged in the bottom of the vessel and are connected to a gas source 9. The gas introduced through these stones causes the liquid metal to circulate, promotes the metallurgical reactions and also contributes to the excess pressure required to carry out the invention.
- the hood 10 attached to the Büline 11 engages over the upper pan edge to form an annular gap 15.
- a distributor housing 12 provided with openings 13 is arranged on the upper part of the hood.
- the distributor housing is connected via a pipe 14 to the suction system (not shown).
- the openings 13 in the distributor housing 12 are designed such that a uniform distribution of the gas flow caused by the suction system in the exhaust hood 10 is ensured.
- the procedure is as follows: During the treatment, solids suspended in gas are blown through the lance 7 into the melt 4.
- inert gas is introduced through the blowing stone 8 at the same time.
- the gas causes a slight overpressure in the inside of the lid and escapes with the gases and vapors produced in the melt through the openings in the lid and through the inevitable gaps between the lid ring and the upper part of the pan shell.
- the extraction system removes the released gases with the solids suspended therein and also sucks in fresh air through the annular gap 15.
- the suction effect of the fresh air flow and the associated slight negative pressure in the vicinity of the cover seat can be influenced by adjusting the ring gap dimensions.
- the gas pressures on both sides of the lid are set in such a way that any inflow of fresh air into the pan is avoided can be easily monitored since one can measure the gases introduced through the lance and the blowing stones and those through the gas released with allurgical reactions can be determined empirically. Since the gases introduced by the melt have a cooling effect, additional amounts of inert gas can be introduced into the interior of the vessel through an opening in the lid. This option is also useful to flush the fresh air out of the vessel before the metallurgical treatment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Vermeiden von Wechselwirkungen zwischen einem in einer Pfanne befindlichen Metallbad und der Atmosphäre. Es ist üblich, Roheisen oder Stahlschmelzen reinigenden Behandlungen oder Legierungsvorgängen in Pfannen zu unterwerfen. So muss zur Herstellung von Stählen mit besonderen Eigenschaften der Schwefelgehalt weitestgehend vermindert werden. Da sowohl der Hochofen als auch der Sauerstoffaufblaskonverter begrenzte Entschwefelungsmöglichkeiten bieten, müssen zur Erzeugung dieser Stahlgüten das Roheisen bzw. der Stahl ausserhalb des Hochofens bzw. des Konverters entschwefelt werden. Weiterhin sind in einer grossen Anzahl von metallurgischen Prozessen nachträglich Stoffe, z.B. Legierungselemente in die flüssige Metallschmelze einzubringen.The invention relates to a method for avoiding interactions between a metal bath in a pan and the atmosphere. It is common to subject pig iron or molten steel to treatments or alloying operations in pans. To produce steels with special properties, the sulfur content must be reduced as much as possible. Since both the blast furnace and the oxygen blowing converter offer limited desulfurization options, the pig iron or the steel outside the blast furnace or the converter must be desulfurized to produce these steel grades. Furthermore, in a large number of metallurgical processes, substances, e.g. Introduce alloying elements into the molten metal.
Es ist bekannt, die Gefässe in denen die Behandlungen der Schmelze vorgenommen werden, mit Deckeln zu versehen. Der Deckel ist in seiner Form den verwendeten Gefässen angepasst und wird mittels eines Fahr- und Hubwerkes auf dasselbe abgesetzt. Er ist mit Oeffnungen versehen, um beispielsweise Tauchlanzen, Sonden oder auch Fülldrähte in das System einzuführen, sowie um die Abgase kontrolliert entweichen zu lassen.It is known to provide the vessels in which the treatments of the melt are carried out with lids. The shape of the lid is adapted to the vessels used and is placed on the same by means of a trolley and hoist. It is provided with openings, for example to insert immersion lances, probes or cored wires into the system and to allow the exhaust gases to escape in a controlled manner.
Ein Deckel empfiehlt sich um ein Austreten und Verspritzen des Metalls während der Behandlung zu. beschränken. Ausserdem wird die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Metallbad und der Atmosphäre vermindert. Leider .;verschlechtert sich der Sitz des Deckels auf dem Pfannenmanrel im 1.aufe der Zeit infolge von Verschmutzung durch Metallspritzpr und durch die bei der Behandlung entstehenden, stark schäumenden und spritzenden Schlacken so dass keine wirkungsvolle Trennung zwischen Metallbad und Atmosphäre mehr gegeben ist. Hinzu kommt, dass der Deekel, bedingt durch Umweltverschmutzungs-Vorschriften meistens direkt an eine Absauganlage angeschlossen ist. Der unter dem Pfannendeckel durch den Absaugprozess hervorgerufene Unterdruck bewirkt ein kontinuierliches Einsaugen von Frischluft durch die im Deckel befindlichen Oeffnungen und den unvermeidbaren Spalten zwischen Pfannenmantel und Deckelring. Diese Frischluft hat natürlich ein Oxydieren und Aufsticken des Bades als Folge.A lid is recommended to prevent the metal from escaping and splashing during treatment. restrict. In addition, the interaction between the metal bath and the atmosphere is reduced. Unfortunately.; The fit of the lid on the pan mantle deteriorates in the first time due to contamination by metal spraying and due to the highly foaming and splashing slags that arise during the treatment, so that there is no longer an effective separation between the metal bath and the atmosphere. In addition, due to environmental pollution regulations, the Deekel is usually connected directly to an extraction system. The vacuum created under the pan lid by the suction process causes fresh air to be sucked in continuously through the openings in the lid and the unavoidable gaps between the pan jacket and the lid ring. This fresh air naturally results in the bath being oxidized and embroidered.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, das die oben angegebenen Nachteile vermeidet und es ermöglicht sowohl die durch die metallurgischen Reaktionen hervorgerufenen Gase und Dämpfe abzusaugen, als auch jegliche Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Sauerstoff/ Stickstoff der Atmosphäre und dem Metallbad zu unterbinden.It is the object of the invention to propose a method which avoids the disadvantages indicated above and which makes it possible both to extract the gases and vapors caused by the metallurgical reactions and also to prevent any interaction between the oxygen / nitrogen in the atmosphere and the metal bath.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass man im Deckelinneren einen Ueberdruck erzeugt und um den Deckel herum kontinuierlich Gas absaugt. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen wiedergegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention in that an excess pressure is generated in the interior of the lid and gas is continuously drawn off around the lid. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the subclaims.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Auf der Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung dargestellt.An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the device.
Die Vorrichtung umfasst im wesentlichen eine mit einem Deckel 2 versehene Pfanne 1. In der Pfanne 1 befindet sich die mit einer Schlackenschicht 3 bedeckte Metallschmelze 4. Der Deckel 2 welcher möglichst dicht auf dem Pfannenmantel aufliegt, ist in seiner Innenseite mit einer Mehrzahl von Segmenten 5 versehen, die einen zylinder- bzw. trichterförmigen Raum begrenzen. Zweck dieser Vorrichtung ist es ein Verspritzen von Schlacke und Metall auf den oberen Pfannenmantel zu vermeiden, da Spritzer den Sitz des Deckels auf diesem beeinträchtigen würden (Siehe Anmeldung LU 84.481) welche von der Anmelderin am 19.11.82 eingereicht wurde). Der Deckel ist ausserdem mit einer mittigen Ueffnung 6 versehen durch welche eine , Tauchlanze 7 in die Schmelze eingeführt wird. Durch diese Oeffnung 6 entwelchen auch die meisten im Gefäss gebildeten und eingeführten Gase. Im Gefässboden sind vorteilhafterweise Blassteine 8 angeordnet welche an eine Gasquelle 9 augeschlossen sind. Das durch diese Steine eingeführte Gas bewirkt ein Umwälzen des flüssigen Metalls, fördert die metallurgischen Reaktionen und trägt auch zu dem zur Ausführung der Erfindung benötigten Ueberdruck bei.The device essentially comprises a pan 1 provided with a
Die an der Büline 11 befestigte Abzugshaube 10 greift unter Bildung eines Ringspaltes 15 über den oberen Pfannenrand. Am oberen Teil der Abzugshaube ist ein mit Oeffnungen 13 versehenes Verteilergehäuse 12 angeordnet. Das Verteilergehäuse ist über ein Rohr 14 an die (nicht dargestellte) Absauganlage angeschlossen. Die Oeffnungen 13 im Verteilergehäuse 12 sind derart ausgelegt, dass eine gleichmässige Verteilung des von der Sauganlage hervorgerufenen Gasstromes in der Abzugshaube 10 gewährleistet ist.The
Die Arbeitsweise ist folgende: Während der Behandlung werden in Gas suspendierte Festkörper durch die Lanze 7 in die Schmelze 4 eingeblasen. Vorteilhafterweise wird gleichzeitig Inertgas durch die Blassteine 8 eingeführt. Das Gas bewirkt einen leichten Ueberdruck im Deckelinneren und entweicht mit den in der Schmelze entstehenden Gasen und Dämpfen durch die Oeffnungen im Deckel sowie durch die unvermeidlichen Spalte zwischen Deckelring und Oberteil des Pfannenmantels. Die Absauganlage entfernt die freigesetzten Gase mit den darin suspendierten Festkörpern und saugt ausserdem durch den Ringspalt 15 Frischluft an. Die Sogwirkung des Frischluftstromes und der damit verbundene leichte Unterdruck in Deckelsitz-Nähe kann durch Einstellen der Ringspalt-Abmessungen beeinflusst werden.The procedure is as follows: During the treatment, solids suspended in gas are blown through the
Mittels Einführung von Gas in die Pfanne sowie Absaugung von diesem Gas und Frischluft mit Hilfe einer an eine Absauganlage angeschlossenen Abzugshaube werden die Gasdrücke beidseitig vom Deckel derart eingestellt, dass jegliches Zufliessen von Frischluft in die Pfanne vermieden wird- Die Grössenordnung des im Deckelinneren herrschenden Ueberdrucks kann leicht überwacht werden, da man die durch die Lanze und die Blassteine eingeführten Gase messen kann und die durch die met allurgischen Reaktionen freigesetzten Gas empirisch bestimmt werden können. Da die durch die Schmelze eingeführten Gase einen kühlenden Effekt haben, kann man zusätzliche Mengen an Inertgas durch eine im Deckel vorgeschene Ueffnung in das Gefässinnere einführen. Diese Möglichkeit ist ausserdem von Nutzen um vor der metallurgischen Behandlung die Frischluft aus dem Gefäss herauszuspülen.By introducing gas into the pan and extracting this gas and fresh air with the help of an extractor hood connected to an extraction system, the gas pressures on both sides of the lid are set in such a way that any inflow of fresh air into the pan is avoided can be easily monitored since one can measure the gases introduced through the lance and the blowing stones and those through the gas released with allurgical reactions can be determined empirically. Since the gases introduced by the melt have a cooling effect, additional amounts of inert gas can be introduced into the interior of the vessel through an opening in the lid. This option is also useful to flush the fresh air out of the vessel before the metallurgical treatment.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU84578 | 1983-01-10 | ||
| LU84578A LU84578A1 (en) | 1983-01-10 | 1983-01-10 | METHOD FOR AVOIDING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN METAL BATH AND ATMOSPHERE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0114376A1 true EP0114376A1 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
Family
ID=19730012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83112961A Withdrawn EP0114376A1 (en) | 1983-01-10 | 1983-12-22 | Process for limiting interactions between liquid metal and atmosphere |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0114376A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8400049A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8504952A1 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU84578A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA839581B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0172785A1 (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1986-02-26 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Metallurgical vessel |
| FR2607829A1 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-10 | Cootec Deutschland Gmbh | Process for the treatment of steel in a ladle |
| WO1990013382A1 (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1990-11-15 | Aga Ab | Treatment of melts in a ladle and apparatus for such treatment |
| EP0853130A1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-07-15 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and installation for improving tapping of steel from a melting furnace into a ladle |
| GB2351297A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2000-12-27 | Vacmetal Gmbh | Metallurgical treatment apparatus |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1919053A1 (en) * | 1969-04-15 | 1970-11-05 | Rheinlaender Dr Ing Paul | Controlling the circulation rate in a metal - desulphurisation bath |
| FR2150527A1 (en) * | 1971-08-26 | 1973-04-06 | Nippon Kokan Kk | |
| US4001009A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1977-01-04 | Hannsgeorg Bauer | Process for the manufacture of steels with a high chromium content |
| AT362412B (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1981-05-25 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | METHOD FOR DESULFURING LIQUID, PREFERABLY DEXIDIZED STEEL |
| US4309025A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1982-01-05 | Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for carrying out metallurgical reactions in a ladle |
| EP0092652A1 (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-11-02 | Elkem A/S | Apparatus for treating molten metal and method for refining steel melts |
-
1983
- 1983-01-10 LU LU84578A patent/LU84578A1/en unknown
- 1983-12-22 EP EP83112961A patent/EP0114376A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-12-22 ZA ZA839581A patent/ZA839581B/en unknown
- 1983-12-28 ES ES528501A patent/ES8504952A1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-01-06 BR BR8400049A patent/BR8400049A/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4001009A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1977-01-04 | Hannsgeorg Bauer | Process for the manufacture of steels with a high chromium content |
| DE1919053A1 (en) * | 1969-04-15 | 1970-11-05 | Rheinlaender Dr Ing Paul | Controlling the circulation rate in a metal - desulphurisation bath |
| FR2150527A1 (en) * | 1971-08-26 | 1973-04-06 | Nippon Kokan Kk | |
| AT362412B (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1981-05-25 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | METHOD FOR DESULFURING LIQUID, PREFERABLY DEXIDIZED STEEL |
| US4309025A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1982-01-05 | Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for carrying out metallurgical reactions in a ladle |
| EP0092652A1 (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-11-02 | Elkem A/S | Apparatus for treating molten metal and method for refining steel melts |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0172785A1 (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1986-02-26 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Metallurgical vessel |
| DE3427086C1 (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1986-04-10 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Metallurgical vessel |
| FR2607829A1 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-10 | Cootec Deutschland Gmbh | Process for the treatment of steel in a ladle |
| WO1990013382A1 (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1990-11-15 | Aga Ab | Treatment of melts in a ladle and apparatus for such treatment |
| US5215573A (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1993-06-01 | Mikael Brunner | Treatment of melts in a ladle and apparatus for such treatment |
| EP0853130A1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-07-15 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and installation for improving tapping of steel from a melting furnace into a ladle |
| GB2351297A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2000-12-27 | Vacmetal Gmbh | Metallurgical treatment apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR8400049A (en) | 1984-08-14 |
| ZA839581B (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| ES528501A0 (en) | 1985-05-16 |
| LU84578A1 (en) | 1984-10-24 |
| ES8504952A1 (en) | 1985-05-16 |
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