EP0110835B1 - Lock cylinder with integrated electromagnetic locking - Google Patents

Abstract

A lock cylinder with mechanical and electromagnetic locking mechanisms, comprising a lock cylinder stator having a mechanical locking mechanism, a bolt movably mounted in a groove in the stator, and a lock cylinder rotor rotatably coupled to the stator and engaged by the mechanical locking mechanism. An electrical control mechanism controls movement of the bolt. A retaining mechanism coupled to the rotor releasably engages the bolt to permit and prevent movement between the stator and the rotor depending on the position of the bolt.

Description

Combinations are known, as will be explained below, in which a mechanical lock, which is actuated by mechanical means, interacts with a mechanical lock, which is actuated by electromagnetic means. It is customary to use the mechanical means to open a lock on site, for example by means of a door knob, door latch, but also a key, etc., and to actuate the same lock from a remote location using the electromagnetic means.

The independence of the position of the operating location for manipulating electromagnetic means allows, for example, central monitoring of partially remote closings, this monitoring being able to be carried out fully automatically, for example, depending on the time, by intervention of an operator, also by imposing condition specifications, etc.

As a rule, it is an additional closing means, ie an additional closing means to the mechanical means, which is used in a conjunctive or disjunctive manner. These AND and OR options expand the use of locks, especially in an organizational way. This is shown, for example, by the truth table to be applied using the example of a door:

The two alternative options, key or central, expand the organizational option. The conjunctive possibility, keys and headquarters increase security.

The advantages of such combined closures are described and used, for example, in DE-OS-2 325 566. The mechanical means for actuating the lock, which is a door lock, are rotary knobs arranged on the door for pushing a bolt. The electromagnetic means actuate an additional bolt which, depending on the position, blocks or releases the main bolt. Furthermore, a security cylinder is associated with the actuation or triggering of the electromagnetically actuated additional bolt, and this in turn has a query device. The electromagnetic part is housed in the door frame, as is the security cylinder that triggers the electromagnetics. The security cylinder only actuates the electromagnetic lock, this with the help of a specially crafted serrated key, which contains the information for the reader arranged in the back of the key. The electromagnetic triggering can also take place disjunctively, that is, in a key OR central form.

Another solution for combined locking is known from the magazine "Baubeschlag Magazin", number 10/80 (October 1980). Again, an additional bolt that can be actuated by electromagnetic means blocks the main bolt. The additional mechanical locking system, which is manipulated via a security cylinder using a key, is housed together with the electromagnetic means in the door lock case, i.e. not separately in the door and frame. The lock bolt is not blocked in the front bolt part, but in the rear bolt part.

The blocking of a bolt acting, for example, between the door and the door frame, either by a device in the door frame or a device in the door, requires a special configuration of the lock. In order, for example, to provide an additional electromagnetic lock in existing locks of any kind, but in particular doors, intervening changes in the mechanical part of the lock, or even preferably, the replacement of an existing lock with one that is intended for the additional electromagnetic lock, or with one such is already provided in terms of production.

This naturally entails high costs, since otherwise intact locking mechanisms in their entirety and often with additional changes to the existing door or door frame have to be replaced. The additional possible security is often not used for this very reason, especially if a large number of locks have to be converted.

Further combinations are known from US-A-2 475 220 or FR-A-2 428 130, which form the preamble, in which a mechanical lock, which is actuated by mechanical means, with a mechanical lock, which is actuated by electromagnetic means , cooperate. The design of the electromagnetically actuated locking device can, for example, be carried out in a simple manner with a radially incoming locking pin, designed as a tie rod of a solenoid, between the lock rotor and the lock stator, as shown in US Pat. No. 2,475,220, or as described in FR-A -2,428,130 is formed by a locking disk which can be displaced axially on the rotor and which is inserted into and removed from a stator groove by the stroke of the tie rod of a solenoid.

Both arrangements, radial or axial, only show a locking mechanism that when the electromagnetic means are actuated, a blocking element is inserted between the rotor and the stator, thus blocking the rotation until the blocking element is lifted again, for example by actuating it again. Any additional conditions that could increase security are not provided.

It is an object of the invention to provide a unit that is as independent as possible with mechanical and electromagnetic locking, which can be easily exchanged in the same locking system with the standardized dimensions common today. This exchange should be possible without changing the technical environment of the castle.

It is a further object of the invention to provide the said independent unit in such a way that it is on one of the two sides separated by the closure (door sides) or at the same time on both sides separated by the closure (door sides) or with different effects on each of the sides the closure of separate sides (door side) is effective.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide the above-mentioned independent unit in such a way that electromagnetically controllable variations or permutations can also be assigned to the mechanical variation possibility, that is to say the mechanical permutations, in order to maintain the individuality of the largest possible number of individual locks.

The object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

• Fig. 1 eine Ansicht eines Schloßzylinders mit mechanisch betätigbaren Zuhaltungen und mit einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren und dem Schloßzylinder zusammenwirkenden Zuhaltung gemäss Erfindung.
• Fig. 2 Den elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Riegel in längsgeschnittener Darstellung
• Fig. 3 Den Schloßzylinder gemäß Fig. 1 in längsgeschnittener Darstellung und den Eingriff in den Sperring
• Fig. 4a Den Sperring aus der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Betrachtungsrichtung Z
• Fig. 4b Die im Sperring angebrachte Sperrkurve als Abwicklung des Sperringes dargestellt
• Fig. 5 Räumliche Darstellung eines Schloßzylinders mit Schlüssel gemäß Erfindung.

The invention will now be explained in detail with the aid of the drawings listed below:

• Fig. 1 is a view of a lock cylinder with mechanically actuated tumblers and with an electromagnetically actuated and interacting the lock cylinder tumbler according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 The electromagnetically actuated latch in a longitudinal section
• Fig. 3 The lock cylinder of FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section and the engagement in the locking ring
• 4a the locking ring from the viewing direction Z shown in FIG. 3
• Fig. 4b The locking curve attached in the locking ring is shown as the development of the locking ring
• Fig. 5 Spatial representation of a lock cylinder with key according to the invention.

1 now shows the side of a lock cylinder 10 carrying the locking parts, that is, based on the spatial representation of FIG. 5, the rear part of the lock cylinder protruding into the lock mechanism.

The cylinder sleeve 7 delimiting the lock cylinder has an outer circumference corresponding to the standardized dimensions. In this way, a lock cylinder according to the present invention can be used in a conventionally equipped lock; either during an exchange, for example if an existing lock is to be additionally lockable, or when creating new locks in which the additional electromagnetic lock is provided. It is therefore possible to use the customary lock systems which are in widespread use without modification.

The stator 5 is arranged inside the cylinder sleeve 7 and has radial bores for the mechanical tumblers to be actuated with the key. These mechanical tumblers are only indicated by the tumbler levels 4, the tumbler levels, for example 45 ° inclined to the key main level, being designated 4a and 4a ', those with 90 ° inclined 4b and 4b', and furthermore the tumbler level coinciding with the key master level 4c '. Furthermore, the rotor 3 with the key channel end 1 and a locking part 28 is visible. This locking part 28 comes into engagement with a locking ring 37, also shown, attached to the rotor 3, for example, when the armature 21 is brought into one of two intended positions or positions by the magnetic effect. The armature 21 is part of the entire electromagnetic bolt 20, which is accommodated in a groove 6 running axially in the stator 5. The groove for receiving the magnetic bar is covered by the cylinder sleeve 7 and pressed at the same time, so that the magnetic bar 20 is largely secured against rotation and displacement. The position of the magnetic bolt in the stator groove can be secured by various precautions, of which, for example, the partial flange 44 shown in FIG. 5 on the magnetic bolt 20, or the carrier plate 41 for the electrical leads 45 for actuating the magnetic winding of the bolt or both elements together should be mentioned as appropriate. A fixed connection 38 between the rotor 3 and the locking ring 37 has the effect that a link 40, only indicated here, for example with a rounded locking edge 48, can be moved together with the rotor 3 by turning the key on the locking part 28 in a defined position.

The detailed version of the magnetic bar is shown in Fig. 2. One recognizes a housing 25, preferably adapted to the shape of the groove, but in the simplest design cylindrical housing, which encloses the electrical and mechanical locking parts. The coil body 24 carrying the magnetic coil 23 is inserted and fastened in the bolt housing. The soft iron armature 21 running through the inner part of the coil 23 carries a locking washer 27 fastened in approximately a third of its length, which is dimensioned so large that it acts against the stop 29 arranged at the housing end longitudinal movement limitation works. A compression coil spring 26 acting between the coil body 24 and the locking washer 27 brings the armature 21 into a defined position with respect to the housing 25 and thus also with respect to the rotor 3 of the lock cylinder.

The magnetic field generated by the excited winding pulls the armature 21 against the force of the compression coil spring 26 up to the armature stop 22, at the same time a clearance 21 'in the longitudinal direction is released for the dumbbell-shaped locking part 28 which is freely movable on the extension of the active armature part. This forward and backward movement possibility of the locking part 28 is used in order to inhibit or release the rotary movement of the rotor by engagement of the locking part in the locking ring 37 firmly connected to the rotor 3.

The locking part 28 specified here, for example, in the form of a dumbbell, engages with one disk end in a locking ring groove shown below with groove walls designed to form sliding links, wherein the entire locking part can be moved back and forth along its rotational or longitudinal axis by rotating the locking ring. The (other) disk end 28 "and the inside of the housing 25 shown here in a cylindrical shape serve as the sliding seat 47. The" barbell handle "serves as the connecting part 28 '. This constriction is dimensioned such that part of the setting of the locking ring between the one, the sliding seat co-forming disc 28 "and the other disc in engagement with the backdrop of the reciprocating locking part 28 finds the necessary space.

The interaction of the lock cylinder 10 with the magnetic latch 20 or the interaction of the magnetic latch 20 with the rotor 3 can be seen in FIG. 3. The magnetic bar 20 shown in FIG. 2 is fastened in the groove 6 incorporated in the stator 5. The front part of the lock cylinder shown is provided with an input flange 31 for the key channel 1. This page is accessible from the outside for the key. The opposite side, that is to say inside the lock, carries the electrically actuable locking device with the locking ring 37, the link 40 and the link play 42 and the locking part 28. The whole together also forms the rotor end 39 with the connection 38 between the rotor and locking ring. You can still see some of the tumblers 4, which are shown in FIG. 1 with their tumbler levels. In this illustration, the locking part 28 protrudes into the backdrop 40, and the rotor 3 cannot be rotated about its axis after unlocking the mechanical tumblers by means of the key belonging to the lock cylinder because of the backdrop locking; this despite an attempt to actuate with the correct key, that is to say assigned to the security cylinder.

Due to the action of the current-carrying coil 23, the armature 21 is pulled back against the rotor 3 in the axial direction, and the locking part 28 is freely movable around this clearance and can be moved back and forth by the rotating backdrop. The rotor is now no longer locked. In this arrangement, the de-energized rest position blocks the rotor 3, that is to say the magnetic latch must be energized in order to release the lock. This effect can, of course, be reversed accordingly if the sides of the link are exchanged, so that the lock cylinder can only be unlocked with the key and without external actuation. The excitation power to be applied can be reduced by holding the armature 21 in the immediate vicinity of the armature stop 22 in a defined rest or neutral state in order to keep the air gap to be overcome by the flooding as small as possible. This is done by a special design of the backdrop 40, as shown, for example, in FIG. 4b at the location 0 °. This makes it possible to unlock the lock cylinder with a relatively low current and yet a sufficiently large holding force. This is an essential aspect in the specified versions in small signal technology.

FIGS. 4a and 4b show in detail the locking with the locking ring 37 and the locking part 28. In FIG. 4a it is shown again in a schematic representation how the locking part 28, the locking ring 37 and the magnet armature 21 interact in principle. The locking ring 37 is rotatably movable and firmly connected to the cylinder rotor 3 and driven by this in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The locking part 28 is arranged in close contact with the backdrop 40 of the locking ring 37, a type of (backdrop) groove; it moves through the locking ring 37 or its backdrop 40 driven back and forth in the rotational axis direction of the locking ring. In its free mobility, the locking part 28 is only affected by the position of the magnet armature 21. In other words, if the armature 21 is pulled away from the blocking part 28 by an electrical excitation, for example by a voltage pulse, the blocking part can translate freely within the scope that is thereby freed. In the idle state, the locking part 28 in the example shown is pressed against a wall part of the link 40 by the force of the helical compression spring 26. Different states can be created with an ON / OFF function.

A development of the link 40 of the locking ring 37 in connection with the locking part 28 is shown in an exemplary embodiment in Fig. 4b. The blocking part 28 is arranged in a defined neutral or rest position at 0 °. For example, a rotation in the + 180 ° direction closes the lock and a rotation in the - 180 ° direction an opening of the lock. The formation of the backdrop in this example enables the same control process when opening as when closing, which can also be seen in the symmetrical design. If the magnet 20 is now de-energized, the locking part 28 is pressed by the force of the spring 26 against the link wall lying on the right in the drawing. Turning the locking ring 37 in either direction would cause blocking at one of the locking edges 48 _R after about 60 °. However, a 1/6 turn is not sufficient for a closing or opening process. If the magnet was constantly excited, the blocking edges 48 _L on the left side of the backdrop would have the same effect. To release a functionally effective rotation, a certain excitation pulse length is required, which depends entirely on the design of the backdrop. In this sense, extended chicanes, for example, may require two or more specially defined impulses that allow the lock to be opened.

If, in a further embodiment of the link groove, for example, a further control cam 51 ', shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4b, is provided, the locking part 28 can be moved into the locked position, that is to say without the aid of a spring force. Only an excitation pulse of a certain length of time and at a certain time releases the further rotation of the rotor.

If, for example, an attempt is made in the example given to open the lock by turning the key, namely by means of the mechanically correct key, in the - 180 ° direction, the magnet must be excited up to a rotation of approx. 60 °. Before or while a rotation angle of approx. 100 ° is reached, the magnet must be de-energized again to prevent blocking at the locking edge 48 _L. One can view phase R from 0 ° - 60 ° as reading phase and phase D from 60 ° -100 ° as decision phase. In phase R, a functional rotation would be prevented from the outset if the magnet were defective, since a decision is no longer possible if the magnet is defective.

A key to such a lock cylinder should not only be mechanically recognizable for this by means of tumbler bolts, but also electrically. By inserting special ferromagnetic or magnetized parts in specially provided bores in the key, the key is able to "send" its own code. A reading device, i.e. a receiver, reads and recognizes this code and evaluates it accordingly. The electronics to be used for this can be accommodated, for example, in the door or in the frame.

With this device, the locking options are increased considerably. With effective closures, i.e. solid doors or with security doors, security increases to the same extent. This device is particularly suitable to offer greater security against "soft" intrusion methods.

The entire arrangement of magnetic latch 20, lock cylinder 10, rotor end 39 and the corresponding key is shown in a spatial representation in FIG. 5. In this illustration, only one lock cylinder 10 of a lock can be seen from a lock. For example, if the lock can be opened from both sides of a door, for example, a further lock cylinder facing the lock cylinder 10 shown must be arranged. Both are able to operate the common lock and both have mechanical tumblers assigned to a corresponding key.

The mechanical action of the rotor 3 rotating about its longitudinal axes is continued by the engagement of a lock actuator (not shown) into the lever groove 50 located at the rotor end. This lever groove is expediently simply the extension of the key channel 1 in the rotor 3 beyond the rotor end 39.

The carrier plate 41 for the electrical feed lines 45, which is arranged at one end of the magnetic bar 20, is mounted outside the cylinder sleeve 7 only slightly overhanging in its radius. As already mentioned, it can also be used to secure the position of the magnetic bolt 20 in the stator 5. It is even more expedient for the partial flange 44 to fit into the rotor end 39 or for the housing shape of the magnetic bolt housing 25 to be adapted to an axial groove 6 running in the stator 5.

There is now the possibility of equipping only one of the two door sides with a lock cylinder according to the present invention, with the effect that, for example, an authorized person can be admitted via the magnetic latch actuation, which can be carried out from a control center, and at any time through the same door from can get inside. Or vice versa, the person holding the key can get entry at any time, but must get the magnetic bar to get out again. In principle, the following relationship can be established:

This also shows an advantage of the invention: an existing lock can be appropriately conditioned according to the table by simply exchanging one or the other or both lock cylinders and thus upgraded in terms of control and security. The corresponding lines can be easily transferred from the door to the frame via passages in the door hinge. Several such measures are known.

Claims (4)

1. Lock cylinder with associated electromagnetic locking means comprising an electrically operable bolt (20) with solenoid (23) and armature (21) associated with the lock cylinder stator (5) and a retaining mechanism (37, 28) acting between the lock cylinder rotor (3) and the lock cylinder stator (5), comprising a first retaining part (37) fixed to the rotor (3) and a second retaining part (28) cooperating with retaining part (37), characterized in that the first retaining part (37) is constructed as a retaining ring and has a sliding block (40) with a cam (51) and in the same at least one retaining edge (48) and the second retaining part (28) engages with said sliding block (40), said second retaining part, as a function of the position of armature (21), forcibly guided by the cam (51), is reciprocated via the lock cylinder rotor (3) by a given sliding block clearance (42) of sliding block (40).

2. Lock cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining part (28) is so arranged with respect to the electrically operable bolt (20) that, with the latter activated or unactivated, armature (21) prevents the forcible reciprocatability of the second retaining part (28) in order to initiate a blocking action.

3. Lock cylinder according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that with the sliding block (40) in the retaining ring (37) are associated retaining edges (48) in such a way that at least one retaining edge (48_L) acts in the case of an activated, electrically operable bolt (20) and at least one other retaining edge (48_R) acts in the case of an unactivated, electrically operable bolt (20).

4. Lock cylinder according to claims 1 or 3, characterized in that in the sliding block groove (40) at least one portion holds the retaining part (28) in a position such that the armature (21) in operative connection with the retaining part (28) is brought into the immediate vicinity of the armature stop (22).

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