EP0110271B1 - Crocheting tool for manufacturing ribbons on a galloon crocheting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Crochet tools for producing bands on a crochet galloon machine. For the production of thin bands on ten or more crochet needles (10, 10') per centimeter of width, the stems of the crochet needles (10,10') are clamped over more than half the length of the needle. A knocking-over bar (20) fastened to the machine has a free straight edge (66) which adjoins closely but without play those parts of the crochet needles (10,10') which project out of the clamp device. The crochet needles are clamped with adequate security against lateral bending. There is no friction between the crochet needles at the knocking-over bar (20). The crochet needles can be clamped in groups, so that they stiffen one another. For the feeding of elastic threads use is made of combs (6) which are displaced laterally to-and-fro relative to the crochet needles in the working rhythm, but which are disposed at a uniform height relative to the crochet needles.

Description

The invention relates to crochet tools for producing ribbons on a crochet gallon machine.

Known crochet gallon machines can be used to produce tapes on up to six crochet hooks per centimeter of working width. At most, individual patterns can still be made on eight crochet hooks per centimeter, but not large amounts of tape in continuous operation.

It is possible to produce tapes on eight or more crochet hooks per centimeter working width on Raschel machines. Raschel machines have six to eight times the purchase price of a crochet gallon machine. They also have a minimum working width of 2 to 3 m. For an efficient production, a larger number of belts must be produced side by side so that the entire working width is used. This means a relatively long upgrade time. Raschel machines can therefore only be used efficiently for the production of large quantities of strips. For smaller quantities, the use of a crochet galloon machine is economically preferable. It also has a working width of 35 to 80 cm.

It is also possible to produce tapes with eight or more threads per centimeter width on braiding machines. However, only about a sixth of the output on tapes per unit of time is achieved on braiding machines, compared to the production on crochet gallon machines.

A single crochet galloon machine can replace 20 braiding machines with two braiding points each or four weaving machines with four weaving points each, which shows the economic importance of using crochet galloon machines.

While on crochet galloon machines in the production of elastic tapes, the elastic threads are crocheted directly during the ribbon production itself, a braiding machine has to be supplied with elastic threads already wound. Furthermore, a braiding machine requires relatively small bobbins for its bobbins, which necessitate constant rewinding.

Also by a weaving process, inexpensive elastic bands cannot be obtained, because the weaving machine must also be supplied with elastic threads that have already been wound.

Known crochet gallon machines, however, are not suitable for producing larger quantities of tapes on more than six crochet hooks, i.e. H. with more than six elastic threads per centimeter width. Neither the arrangement and guidance of the crochet hooks are suitable for this, nor are the known perforated needles for feeding elastic threads.

In known crochet gallon machines, the ends of the shafts of the crochet hooks are firmly clamped in a clamping device of the needle bar. The relatively far protruding free ends of the crochet hook are moved back and forth in the comb of a knock-off rail which is connected to the needle bar.

The needle shafts necessarily have play between the teeth of the needle comb. Since the needle heads sometimes have to protrude relatively far from the needle comb during the crochet process, the crochet hooks can also bend laterally. This means that occasionally warp threads are not placed in the correct but in adjacent needle heads, as well as in the fact that elastic threads to be acted on are not inserted into the correct gap between crochet hooks but next to them. In such cases it is no longer possible to form perfect mascne sticks.

The crochet hooks wear out due to the continuous back and forth movement within the needle comb. For a machine that works in two shifts on working days and 800 revolutions per minute, i. H. The crochet needles must be exchanged approximately every two months. It is also uncomfortable that the crochet hooks are roughened by the friction of steel on steel, which leads to an uneven stitch pattern of the tapes produced.

The present invention is intended to design the crochet tools of a crochet gallon machine in such a way that tapes can be produced on more crochet hooks per cm working width than according to the prior art, in particular on at least ten crochet hooks per centimeter width. Nevertheless, the crochet hooks should be suitable for processing elastic threads. The crochet hooks should also be protected against wear.

This object is achieved by the invention according to claim 1. (Reference is made below to the wording of the claims.)

In contrast to the prior art, the shafts of the crochet hooks are no longer guided in a comb of the tapping rail.

Rather, they move back and forth just above a free edge of the tee. The crochet hooks are housed in a clamping device that is moved back and forth with the needle bar. The needle shafts are clamped up to a relatively large extent against the needle head so that their non-working areas can no longer bend laterally to a disruptive extent. Any game, such as between the prongs of the known needle combs, is switched off. (The “working area” of a needle is to be understood as the area on which loops of the stitches to be formed have to move back and forth.)

The fact that the working areas of the crochet hooks no longer move back and forth between the teeth of a comb of the tee rail, but move freely above the free edge of the tee rail, eliminates any friction on the tee rail. The crochet hooks have a much longer lifespan, namely more than a year compared to two months in the example above. In addition, there is the pleasing effect that the crochet hooks are not only not roughened but also polished by the threads to be processed. It can be seen that the stitch pattern of the tapes produced becomes more uniform and cleaner in the course of the first few weeks after new crochet hooks have been inserted.

Developments of the invention

According to claim 2, the shafts of the crochet hooks individually with a press fit, d. H. can be accommodated without play in the grooves of the clamping device. Instead of this, crochet hooks can also be pressed against one another in the clamping device with the interposition of spacer plates.

As stated in claim 4, it is known in crochet galloon machines to clamp the shanks of crochet hooks in the clamping device in that a clamping slide is accommodated in a groove of the clamping device and has the same needle pitch as the lower part of the clamping device. It can be moved across the shafts of the crochet hooks and is used to clamp the crochet hooks against the lower part. By developing the invention, groups of crochet hooks can be clamped instead of individual crochet hooks, for which purpose the recesses in the lower part and in the clamping slide are made correspondingly wide. This ensures particularly reliably that any lateral play between the crochet hooks is avoided, and the shafts of the hook needles mutually stiffen each other so that no shaft can bend. A bend is only possible in the work areas. But this is so small that it does not prevent reliable insertion of warp threads and possibly elastic threads.

Crochet hooks, which are suitable for such a clamping device, only require straight shafts, that is, no hook at the shaft end, which simplifies and reduces the cost of producing the crochet hooks.

The crochet hooks can be inserted individually within each group. If the clamping slide is moved within the trough after inserting needle groups and clamped against the needle shafts, the crochet hooks are held together in groups.

In the production of elastic tapes, the arrangement of ten or more crochet hooks per centimeter of working width requires a different supply of the elastic threads than according to the prior art. Individual perforated needles, through the eyelets of which the elastic threads are guided, are customary for this purpose. With a division of ten and more elastic threads per centimeter, only a thickness of approx. 0.3 mm would be available for the individual piercing needle, since there still has to be room for the elastic threads, which are S-shaped through the eyelets Needles need to move.

According to a development of the invention according to claim 5, for which independent protection is also claimed, a packet of needles can be replaced by a comb, in the slots of which the elastic threads are guided. This avoids lateral bending of individual thin needles. Furthermore, there is no need to laboriously thread the elastic threads into the eyelets of the needles. Finally, one avoids the S-shaped deflection of the elastic threads on the eyelets and the resulting friction. As is known, this friction leads to the roughening of the elastic threads and thus to a reduction in their breaking strength.

The known perforated needles, which are used to insert the elastic threads, are moved up and down together with the inserts for the weft threads (weft thread guides) according to the prior art. However, this up and down movement is only necessary for the weft thread insert itself, but not for the feed elements for the elastic threads. According to claim 6, the combs can therefore be arranged at a constant height relative to the tee rail, so that they perform a lateral reciprocating movement only according to claim 5. This reduces the friction on the elastic threads.

More importantly, since elastic threads are not endless, they have to be knotted. The known perforated needles move up and down relatively quickly, while the elastic threads are fed in much more slowly. If the combs also moved up and down, each knot would have to move up and down within a comb 20 to 30 times until it is crocheted, and above all would run over its upper and lower edge. Knots can tear open, resulting in machine downtime and loss of production. In addition, the abruptly increasing friction when a knot enters a comb would suddenly increase the tension of the elastic thread, which would lead to an uneven stitch pattern.

According to claim 7, several combs can be arranged in series and be adjustable with respect to the crochet hooks, so that the grooves of the combs can be properly adjusted with respect to the crochet hooks clamped in the clamping device.

• Figur 1 ist eine Prinzipdarstellung von nach der Erfindung vorgesehenen Häketwerkzeugen einer Häkelgalonmaschine, teils im Querschnitt, teils in Seitenansicht.
• Figur 2 zeigt entsprechend einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung Häkelnadeln mit ihrer Haltevorrichtung und eine zugehörige Abschlagvorrichtung im Querschnitt.
• Figur 3 zeigt für die gleiche Ausführungsform eine Klemmvorrichtung für Gruppen von Häkelnadeln bei abgehobenem Klemmdeckel, wobei nur eine Gruppe von Häkelnadeln dargestellt ist.
• Figur 4 und 5 zeigen die vorderen Teile einer Gruppe von vier Häkelnadeln und ihre Arbeitsbereiche in Seitenansicht bzw. Draufsicht.
• Figur 6 zeigt in Seitenansicht mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete Kämme.
• Figur 7 zeigt die Kämme in Stirnansicht, sowie eine Führung elastischer Fäden und eines elastischen Bandes.
• Figur 8 zeigt im Querschnitt entsprechend Figur 2 eine andere Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einer abweichenden Klemmvorrichtung.
• Figur 9 ist eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt des Unterteils der Klemmvorrichtung nach Figur 8.

- Exemplary embodiments with further features of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing.

• FIG. 1 is a basic illustration of crochet tools of a crochet galloon machine provided according to the invention, partly in cross section, partly in side view.
• According to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 shows cross-section of crochet hooks with their holding device and an associated knock-off device.
• FIG. 3 shows, for the same embodiment, a clamping device for groups of crochet hooks when the clamping cover is lifted off, only one group of crochet hooks being shown.
• Figures 4 and 5 show the front parts of a group of four crochet hooks and their working areas in side view and plan view.
• Figure 6 shows a side view of several combs arranged side by side.
• Figure 7 shows the combs in front view, as well as a guide of elastic threads and an elastic band.
• Figure 8 shows in cross section corresponding to Figure 2 another embodiment of the invention with a different clamping device.
• FIG. 9 is a plan view of a section of the lower part of the clamping device according to FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 1, the following known crochet tools are provided: groups of perforated needles 2 for feeding warp threads 4; a front tubular weft guide 14 for feeding the front weft 17 and a rear tubular weft guide 15 for feeding the rear weft 18.

In accordance with the details of the present invention, groups of crochet hooks 10 or individual crochet hooks are clamped in a clamping device 12 or 12 according to the invention. If desired, elastic threads 8 are fed through combs 6.

When producing a plurality of elastic bands, which are produced side by side at several work stations, 6 groups of elastic threads 8 are fed to the work station through the combs. The front and rear weft guides 14 and 15 place one weft across each of a group of elastic threads 8 by shifting from front to back in the drawing. The groups of needles 2 each place a group of warp threads 4 alternately from the right and from left into the heads of the crochet hooks 10. Together with the reciprocating movement of the crochet hooks, a knitting rail 20 is used to form a group of stitches side by side, which enclose the elastic threads and connect them to the weft threads. The finished elastic bands 22 are pulled down between the tee rail 20 and a retaining rail 24 in the direction of an arrow 26.

Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of a clamping device through which groups of crochet hooks can be clamped. The clamping device 12 has a plate-like lower part 28 and a clamping cover 30. In the plan view of FIG. 3, four mutually parallel needle beds 32 can be seen in the lower part, which have a flat bottom 3 and side walls 36 running at right angles thereto. All four needle beds run parallel to each other. Each has a sufficient width to accommodate a group of crochet hooks 10. Only in one of the needle beds has a group of only six crochet hooks 10 been shown. However, each needle bed can also hold more crochet hooks.

If several individual crochet hooks 10 are to be inserted tightly next to one another into the needle beds, the clamping device is also equipped with a clamping slide 38 which has a rectangular cross section and is displaceably accommodated in a rectangular groove 40 in the lower part transversely to the crochet hooks 10. The clamping slide also has wide needle beds, which are denoted here by 42 and also have a flat bottom and side walls arranged at right angles thereto. The needle beds 34 and 42 of the lower part and the clamping slide are milled in one and the same operation, so that both groups of needle beds have the same widths and the same spacing. The clamping slide 38 can be pulled with the aid of a clamping screw 44 against a plate 45 fastened to the lower part. As a result, the groups of crochet hooks 10 are pressed by the upper edge of the needle beds 42 of the clamping slide 38 in FIG. 3 against the lower edges of the needle beds 32 of the lower part in FIG. 3 and are thus firmly clamped in place. Finally, the clamping cover 30 is screwed onto the lower part 28 and the shafts 50 of the crochet hooks 10 with the aid of screw bolts 46. The stems of the crochet hooks 10 are thus fixed both sideways and from top to bottom. It is no longer possible to move any kind of shafts against each other, such as bending the shafts.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the crochet hooks 10 each have a shaft 50, only the right part of which is shown, and a work area 52 which receives the loops of the stitches to be formed. This working area can have a smaller width than the shaft 50.

Instead of crochet hooks of this embodiment, crochet hooks can also be used, the working areas of which have the same width as the shafts. In this case, spacer plates must be inserted between the shafts on the left (in Figure 2) in front of the work areas.

If one does not want to insert individual crochet hooks into the needle beds (32) clamping device, then crochet hooks can be grouped together, which can be done by soldering or pouring into a later solidifying mass. The mass can be a lead alloy or made of plastic. If needle packets produced in this way, that is to say groups of already firmly combined crochet hooks, are used, the clamping device (12) can be designed more simply than described. There is no need for the clamping slide 38, the channel 40 and the clamping screw 44.

As FIG. 2 shows, the clamping device is on the needle bar 60 of the crochet galloon machine strengthens and is moved back and forth with this in the direction of the double arrow 62. The tee-off rail 20 is fastened to the machine-fixed main traverse 64 of the crochet galloon machine. It extends up to just below the crochet hooks 10 and ends there with a straight edge 66.

Figures 6 and 7 show in detail the arrangement for feeding the elastic threads. Each comb 6 has a plate-like part 70 which, at its lower edge in the figures, has an approximately triangular bead-like thickening 72 in cross section. Slits 74 are milled into this thickening, the base 75 of which runs parallel to the surface 76 of the plate-like part 70 at a distance a. The division of the slits is the same as that of the clamped chickens. When dividing ten, ten slots are milled into each centimeter. Both the slots and the webs 78 remaining between them then have a width of approximately 0.5 mm.

Several combs 6 are arranged side by side. Each has as many slots as a band should accommodate elastic threads 8. The combs can be adjusted against each other and are aligned with the pinched crochet hooks.

The elastic threads 8 are fed by feed rollers 80 and 82, the rotational speeds of which have a ratio of approximately 1: 3, so that the elastic threads are tensioned. The threads then run around a deflection roller 84 and run through the slots 74. Elastic bands 87 are formed at the work station 86 and are then drawn off by take-off rollers 88. The speeds of the feed rollers 82 and the take-off rollers 88 behave approximately as 3: 4. The elastic threads 8 and the elastic bands 87 thus receive an additional tension, whereby the elastic threads are held on the base 75 of the slits 74.

The combs 6 are attached to a guide rail of the crochet galloon machine so that they can be adjusted sideways and are moved back and forth with the guide rail by one needle pitch each. The elastic threads are deflected only slightly, and the combs do not move in the longitudinal direction of the elastic threads, so that the friction is greatly reduced. Knots within the supplied elastic threads need only go through each comb from top to bottom once. The thread guides 14 and 15 (FIG. 1) are moved in a known manner in the longitudinal direction of the combs and up and down.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the clamping device and the crochet hooks 10 'have a rear bent end 90. Accordingly, the clamping cover 30' is less wide than that according to FIG. 2. The rear end of the clamping cover 30 'holds the needle end 90 in place. As is known per se, the clamping cover only presses against the needle shafts with its front and rear edges (right and left in FIG. 8). The same applies to the clamping cover 30 according to FIG. 2.

As FIG. 9 shows, the lower part 28 'has a needle bed with narrow grooves 92, the width of which is so dimensioned that the crochet hooks require only a certain amount of force, i. H. can be inserted into the grooves under interference fit. Two grooves 92 are separated from one another by a web 94 of the same width. With ten needles per centimeter width, the needle shafts 50 'have the grooves 92 and the webs 94 widths of approximately 0.5 mm each. The exact dimensions result from the requirement that an interference fit must be achieved. The working areas 52 'of the crochet hooks here have the same width as the shafts 50'.

It is important for all embodiments of the invention that the shafts 50 'of the crochet hooks are clamped over a length that is greater than half the length of the needles. If a crochet hook has a length of 77 mm, 47 to 49 mm will be clamped.

The grooves 92 shown in FIG. 9 extend in the same division over the entire length of the lower part 28 'of the clamping device, with the exception of those points which must remain free for the insertion of the screw bolts 46 (FIG. 2). Depending on the width of the desired tapes and the number of their elastic threads, more or fewer crochet hooks are grouped together. Each of these groups is then assigned one of the combs 6 shown in FIG. 6 and a group of needles 2 (FIG. 1). Both the combs and the groups of piercing needles are adjusted sideways with respect to the clamped crochet hooks. H. in the longitudinal direction of the clamping device 28 or 28 '.

Reference numerals

Claims (10)

1. Crochet tools for producing bands on a crochet galloon machine, characterised by the following features :

a) The needle bar (60) of the crochet galloon machine has a clamp device (12.12') in which the stems (50, 50') of the crochet needles (10, 10') are clamped over more than half the length of the needle ;

b) instead of a knocking-over comb there is provided a knocking-over bar (20) which is fastened to the machine and has a free straight edge (66) which adjoins closely but without play those parts of the crochet needles which project out of the clamp device.

2. Crochet tools according to Claim 1, characterised in that the stems (50') of the crochet needles (10') are fitted individually with a press fit in slots (92) in the clamp device (12'). (Figures 8 and 9).

3. Crochet tools according to Claim 1, characterised in that the stems of the crochet needles are inserted into the clamp device without play, with the interposition of spacers.

4. Crochet tools according to Claim 1, with the following features :

a) The clamp device has a plate-like bottom part (28) with at least one needle bed and one clamp cover (30) which is adapted to be clamped fast against the crochet needles and the bottom part (28) ;

b) In the bottom part (28) of the clamp device a channel (40) extending at right angles to the needle beds is provided ;

c) A clamp slide (38), the cross-section of which fits into the channel, has needle beds (42) which are disposed with the same spacing as the needle beds (32) provided in the bottom part ;

d) A clamp device is provided which serves to move the clamp slide (38) in the longitudinal direction of the channel (40) and thus to clamp the crochet needles,

characterised in that for the clamping of at least one group of crochet needles (10) the needle beds (32) in the bottom part (28) and in the clamp slide (38) each have the form of a shallow recess which has a flat bottom and which is wider than at least three stems (50).

5. Crochet tools for producing bands in a crochet galloon machine, particularly in accordance with one of the preceding claims, with a device for feeding elastic threads, characterised by the following features :

a) The device has at least one comb-like part (comb 6) having slits (74) parallel to one another for the elastic threads ;

b) The pitch of the slits in the comb is the same' as the pitch of the clamped crochet needles (10) ;

c) An operating device for the comb is so constructed that it imparts to the latter, in the working rhythm of the crochet galloon machine, a lateral displacement by one needle division at a time, alternately to the left and to the right.

6. Crochet tools according to Claim 5, characterised in that the comb is disposed at a uniform height relative to the knocking-over bar.

7. Crochet tools according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that a plurality of combs (6) are disposed serially and are adjustable relative to the clamped crochet needles (10, 10').

8. Crochet tools according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the comb (6) is in the form of a substantially plate-like part (70) which on one longitudinal edge has a bead-like thickening (72), and that the slits (74) are provided in the thickening and extend transversely to the latter.

9. Crochet tools according to Claim 8, characterised in that the bead-like thickening (72) has a substantially triangular cross-section, in such a manner that the thickening increases in the direction of the longitudinal edge of the plate-like part (70).

10. Crochet tools according to Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the bottom (75) of the slits is at a distance (a) from a surface (76) of the plate-like part.

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