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EP0100481B1 - Device for moving dosing pistons and filling nozzles - Google Patents

Device for moving dosing pistons and filling nozzles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0100481B1
EP0100481B1 EP83107073A EP83107073A EP0100481B1 EP 0100481 B1 EP0100481 B1 EP 0100481B1 EP 83107073 A EP83107073 A EP 83107073A EP 83107073 A EP83107073 A EP 83107073A EP 0100481 B1 EP0100481 B1 EP 0100481B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
spindle
dispensing
piston
pistons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83107073A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0100481A2 (en
EP0100481A3 (en
Inventor
Hugo Schindel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rationator Maschinenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Rationator Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Rationator Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Rationator Maschinenbau GmbH
Publication of EP0100481A2 publication Critical patent/EP0100481A2/en
Publication of EP0100481A3 publication Critical patent/EP0100481A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0100481B1 publication Critical patent/EP0100481B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/26Methods or devices for controlling the quantity of the material fed or filled
    • B65B3/30Methods or devices for controlling the quantity of the material fed or filled by volumetric measurement
    • B65B3/32Methods or devices for controlling the quantity of the material fed or filled by volumetric measurement by pistons co-operating with measuring chambers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B39/00Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers
    • B65B39/12Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers movable towards or away from container or wrapper during filling or depositing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18576Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for moving metering pistons and filling tubes for a bottom or top mirror filling of containers with filling levels changing during filling, in particular shaped bottles in filling machines, the movement being program-controlled.
  • a mixing device is also known (EP-A 19579) in which two piston burettes are driven by two stepper motors, the liquids being ejected from the burettes at constant speeds and in the same time after the desired sample volumes have been drawn up.
  • a constant mixing ratio should be achieved. However, the mixing ratio once set is no longer changed when the sample is taken.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned in such a way that an adaptation to different containers in height, diameter and shape or the type of the filling material, both when looking under and looking for over-mirror filling by combining a simple mechanical drive with an electronic Control is possible.
  • metering piston and the filling tube are each mechanically driven by a screw spindle and in that the continuously variable drives of the spindles can be controlled in a coordinated manner with the aid of a programmable electron computer.
  • a number of metering pistons or filling tubes are arranged on a metering yoke or a filling bridge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Bewegen von Dosierkolben und von Füllrohren für eine Unter- oder Überspiegelfüllung von Behältnissen mit sich während der Füllung verändernden Füllspiegeln insbesondere von Formflaschen in Abfüllmaschinen wobei die Bewegung programmgesteuert erfolgt.The invention relates to a device for moving metering pistons and filling tubes for a bottom or top mirror filling of containers with filling levels changing during filling, in particular shaped bottles in filling machines, the movement being program-controlled.

Beim Dosieren ist es notwendig je nach Füllprodukt die Geschwindigkeit im Ansaug- und auch im Ausstoßbereich zu variieren. Es gibt eine Reihe von Produkten, die ansaug- und strömungsempfindlich sind. In diesem Fall ist beim Ansaugen zu Beginn ein langsamer Hub erforderlich der dann beschleunigt und auch wieder verlangsamt werden kann. Auch beim Auspumpen in eine spezielle Behältnisform kann inähnlicher Weise verfahren werden.When dispensing, it is necessary to vary the speed in the suction and also in the discharge area depending on the filling product. There are a number of products that are sensitive to suction and flow. In this case, a slow stroke is required at the start of suction, which can then be accelerated and slowed down again. A similar procedure can also be used when pumping out into a special container shape.

Beim Ausfahren des Füllrohres ist es ebenfalls wichtig daß die Ausfahrgeschwindigkeit der Geschwindigkeit des steigenden Füllspiegels angepaßt werden kann. Man unterscheidet hierbei eine Unter- oder Überspiegelfullung und zwar unabhängig von der Füllgutart beispielsweise dick- oder dünnflüssig oder schäumend Dabei ist bei Formflaschen zu berücksichtigon daß im Taillenbereich eines Behältnisses der Füllspiegel schneller und im Bauchbereich langsamer steigt. Diese Bewegungssbläufe sind von Behältnis zu Behältnis völlig unterschiedlich.When extending the filling tube, it is also important that the extension speed can be adapted to the speed of the rising filling level. A distinction is made between an under- or over-mirror filling, regardless of the type of filling, for example thick or thin or foaming. In the case of shaped bottles, it should be taken into account that the filling level rises faster in the waist region of a container and slower in the belly region. These movements are completely different from container to container.

Bekannt sind derartige Vorrichtungen (US-PS 37 44 538) bei denen die Kolbenbetötigung mittels Exzenter Kniehebel oder über Kurvenscheiben pneumatisch bzw. hydraulisch erfolgt. Die Gleichesteuerung ist für die Füllrohre vorgesehen. Bei der Verarbeitung von unterschiedlichen Flaschenformen erfolgt eine manuelle Umstellung oder Umrüstung und auch ein eventuelles Austauschen von Teilen oder Kurvenscheiben wobei man für diese Tätigkeiten Fachleute und auch einen großen Zeitaufwand braucht. Derartige Stillstandzeiten sind aber für solche Vorrichtungen äußerst ungünstig de sie einen Produktionsausfall mit sich bringen.Devices of this type are known (US Pat. No. 3,744,538) in which the piston is actuated pneumatically or hydraulically by means of an eccentric toggle lever or by means of cams. The same control is provided for the filling pipes. When processing different bottle shapes, there is a manual changeover or retrofitting and also a possible replacement of parts or cams, which requires specialists and a great deal of time for these activities. Such downtimes are extremely unfavorable for such devices de they bring a production loss with it.

Es ist eine motorgetriebene Dosiervorrichtung für Flüssigkeiten bekannt (DE-B 1 598 903) bei der in einem Zylinder achsial verschiebbar ein Kolben mit Kolbenstange angeordnet ist. Die Kolbenstange besitzt eine Gewindespindel die in einer Spindelmutter eines Zahnrades läuft wobei dieses Zahnrad angetrieben wird. Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung geht es darum die Meßgenauigkeit einer motorisch angetriebenen Dosiervorrichtung mit einer Kolbenbürette speziell beim Abgeben kleiner Volumina zu erhöhen und zugleich die Anzeige eines dosierten Volumens zu verbessern.A motor-driven metering device for liquids is known (DE-B 1 598 903) in which a piston with a piston rod is arranged axially displaceably in a cylinder. The piston rod has a threaded spindle that runs in a spindle nut of a gearwheel, this gearwheel being driven. This known device is about increasing the measuring accuracy of a motor-driven metering device with a piston burette, especially when dispensing small volumes, and at the same time improving the display of a metered volume.

Es ist weiterhin eine Mischvorrichtung bekannt (EP-A 19579) bei der durch zwei Schrittmotoren zwei Kolbenbüretten angetrieben werden wobei die Flüssigkeiten nach dem Aufziehen der gewünschten Probenvolumina mit konstanten Geschwindigkeiten und in der selben Zeit aus den Büretten ausgestoßen werden. Hierbei soll ein konstantes Mischungsverhältnis erzielt werden. Das einmal eingestellte Mischungsverhältnis wird aber bei der Probeentnahme nicht mehr verändert.A mixing device is also known (EP-A 19579) in which two piston burettes are driven by two stepper motors, the liquids being ejected from the burettes at constant speeds and in the same time after the desired sample volumes have been drawn up. A constant mixing ratio should be achieved. However, the mixing ratio once set is no longer changed when the sample is taken.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden daß eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Behältnisse in der Höhe Durchmesser und Formgestaltung oder die Art des Füllgutes sowohl bei Unter- als such bei Überspiegelfüllung durch die Kombination eines einfachen mechanischen Antriebes mit einer elektronischen Steuerung möglich ist.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned in such a way that an adaptation to different containers in height, diameter and shape or the type of the filling material, both when looking under and looking for over-mirror filling by combining a simple mechanical drive with an electronic Control is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst daß der Dosierkolben und das Füllrohr jeweils von einer Schraubspindel mechanisch angetrieben ist und daß die stufenlos regelbaren Antriebe der Spindeln mit Hilfe eines programmierbaren Elektronenrechners aufeinander abgestimmt steuerbar sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the metering piston and the filling tube are each mechanically driven by a screw spindle and in that the continuously variable drives of the spindles can be controlled in a coordinated manner with the aid of a programmable electron computer.

Es ist vorteilhaft, daß eine Anzahl von Dosierkolben bzw. Füllrohren an einem Dosierjoch bzw. einer Füllbrücke angeordnet sind.It is advantageous that a number of metering pistons or filling tubes are arranged on a metering yoke or a filling bridge.

Schließlich wird vorgeschlagen daß in einem Maschinentisch die Motoren angeordnet sind die über Untersetzungsgetriebs Spindelmuttern oder die Spindel entreiben.Finally, it is proposed that the motors are arranged in a machine table which drive spindle nuts or the spindle via a reduction gear.

Die Erfindung bringt den Vorteil daß sowohl die Geschwindigkeit beim Auspumpen und Eintauchen als such das Ausheben des Füllrohres fülr jede Flaschenform auf einfache Art dadurch eingestellt werden können daß das entsprechende vorher einprogrammierte Programm von der Datenverarbeitungsanlage abgerufen wird. Eine derartige Steuerung läßt eich deshalb besonders einfach durchführen, weil Schraubspindelantriebe vorgesehen sind. Es kann somit mit Hilfe des Elektronenrechners für jedes Füllvolumen und Behältnis ein Programm bzw. Bewegungsablauf gespeichert werden.The invention has the advantage that both the speed of pumping out and immersing as well as the lifting of the filling tube for each bottle shape can be adjusted in a simple manner by calling up the corresponding previously programmed program from the data processing system. Such a control can be carried out especially easily because screw drives are provided. With the help of the electronic computer, a program or movement sequence can be saved for each filling volume and container.

Die Erfindung wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand von in den Aeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispeielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

Es zeigen,

  • Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform einer derartigen Antriebsvorrichtung im Schnitt,
  • Figur 2 eine weitere Ausführungsforn dieser Vorrichtung im Schnitt,
  • Figur 3 die Anordnung der Vorrichtung bei gleichzeitiger Betätigung von mehrere Dosierkolben und
  • Figur 4 eine solche Vorrichtung beim Antrieb von mehreren Füllrohren.
Show it,
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of such a drive device in section,
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of this device in section,
  • Figure 3 shows the arrangement of the device with simultaneous actuation of several dosing pistons and
  • Figure 4 shows such a device when driving several filling tubes.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung besitzt ein Maschinengestell 1, auf dem ein Dosierzylinder 2 montiert ist. Auf diesen Dosierzylinder 2 ist ein Vorratsbehälter 3 montiert, wobei dazwischen ein Ventil 4 angeordnet ist. Die Auf- und Ab-Bewegung des in dem Zylinder 2 angeordneten Kolbens 5 mit aeiner Kolbenstange 6 erfolgt über eine an die Kolbenstange angeflanschte Schraubspindel 7, wobei die Schraubspindel 7 in einer Spindelmutter 8 geführt ist. Die Spindelmutter 8 ist an dem Zahnrad 9 eines Untersetzungsgetriebes befestigt, das an einen stufenlos regelbaren Elektromotor 10 angeflanscht ist, so daß damit die Spindelmutter 8 eine feste Position einnimmt und die Spindel 7 und damit der Kolben 6 die Auf- und Ab-Bewegung durchführt.The device shown in Figure 1 has a machine frame 1 on which a metering cylinder 2 is mounted. A storage container 3 is mounted on this metering cylinder 2, a valve 4 being arranged between them. The up and down movement of the piston 5 arranged in the cylinder 2 with a piston rod 6 takes place via a screw spindle 7 flanged to the piston rod, wherein the screw spindle 7 is guided in a spindle nut 8. The spindle nut 8 is attached to the gear 9 of a reduction gear, which is flanged to a continuously variable electric motor 10, so that the spindle nut 8 assumes a fixed position and the spindle 7 and thus the piston 6 perform the up and down movement.

In dem Maschinengestell 1 ist weiterhin eine Spindel 11 angeordnet, die über einen weiteren stufenlos regelbaren Elektromotor 12 mit Untersetzungsgetriebe 13 angetrieben wird, wobei darauf verschiebbar eine Spindelmutter 14 angeordnet ist. Die Spindelmutter 14 trägt seitlich einen in einer Buchse 15 geführten Stab 16, der an einer Querverbindung 17 ein Füllrohr 18 trägt, das über einen Schlauch 19 mit dem Behälter 3 verbunden ist. Unter diesem Füllrohr 18 befindet sich ein Behältnis 20.In the machine frame 1, a spindle 11 is also arranged, which is driven by another continuously variable electric motor 12 with reduction gear 13, a spindle nut 14 being slidably arranged thereon. The spindle nut 14 laterally carries a rod 16 guided in a bushing 15, which carries a filling tube 18 on a cross connection 17, which is connected to the container 3 via a hose 19. A container 20 is located below this filling tube 18.

Durch eine entsprechende Steuerung der Spindeln 7,11 lassen sich die Bewegungen des Kolbens 5 bzw. des Füllrohres 18 entsprechend regeln. Dazu eignen sich besonders Elektronenrechner wobei für Jedes Füllvolumen und Behältnisform ein Programm bzw. Bewegungsablauf gespeichert werden kann.The movements of the piston 5 or the filler tube 18 can be regulated accordingly by controlling the spindles 7, 11 appropriately. Electron computers are particularly suitable for this, whereby a program or movement sequence can be saved for each filling volume and container shape.

Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform dadurch, daß die Spindel 7' in der Höhe unverschiebbar angeordnet ist, wobei auf der Spindel 7' höhenverschiebbar die Mutter 8' angeordnet ist, die eine Halterung 21 trägt, an der der Kolben befestigt ist. Der Antrieb der Spindel 7' erfolgt über den Motor 10 mit Untersetzungsgetriebe 9. Seitlich am Füllrohr 18 sind verschiedene Behältnisse 20 angedeutet, um insbesondere zu demonstrieren, daß die kompliziertesten Behältnisformen mit geringem vorrichtungstechnischem Aufwand in der gewünschten Weise gefüllt werden können.The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the spindle 7 'is arranged so as not to be displaceable in height, the nut 8', which carries a holder 21, being arranged so as to be vertically displaceable on the spindle 7 ' which the piston is attached to. The spindle 7 'is driven by the motor 10 with a reduction gear 9. Various containers 20 are indicated on the side of the filling tube 18, in order to demonstrate in particular that the most complicated container shapes can be filled in the desired manner with little outlay in terms of device technology.

Bei der in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform einer derartigen Vorrichtung sind mehrere Dosiereinheiten 2, 6 vorgesehen, wobei die einzelnen Kolbenstangen 6 an einen gemeinsamen Dosierjoch 22 angebracht sind. Dieses Dosierjoch 22 ist seitlich an Führungssäulen 23 geführt, wobei die Hubbewegung durch die in der Mitte angeordnete Spindel 7 erfolgt. Dazu befindet sich an dem Dosierjoch 22 eine entsprechende Spindelmutter 24, wodurch die Heb- und Senkbewegung vorgenommen wird. Zum gemeinsamen Betatigen der Ventile 4 dient ein Zylinder/Kolbenaggregat 25 mit Schubstange 26.In the embodiment of such a device shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of metering units 2, 6 are provided, the individual piston rods 6 being attached to a common metering yoke 22. This metering yoke 22 is guided laterally on guide columns 23, the lifting movement taking place through the spindle 7 arranged in the middle. For this purpose, there is a corresponding spindle nut 24 on the metering yoke 22, as a result of which the lifting and lowering movement is carried out. A cylinder / piston unit 25 with a push rod 26 serves to actuate the valves 4 together.

Weiterhin ist in Figur 4 der gemeinsame Antrieb für mehrere Füllrohre 18 gezeigt, die an einem gemeinsamen Querträger 27 angeordnet sind. Dieser Querträger 27 ist an der Stange 16 befestigt, die mit der Spindelmutter 14 verbunden ist, die auf der Spindel II lauft. In Verbindung mit der automatische Steuerung durch den Elektronenrechner ergibt dies eine problemlose Verstellung der Gesamtheit der Füllrohre, wobei zum Verstellen dieser Füllbrücken bei den herkömmlichen Anlagen wegen des Gewichts unter Umstanden mehrere Personen notwendig sind.Furthermore, the common drive for a plurality of filling tubes 18, which are arranged on a common cross member 27, is shown in FIG. This cross member 27 is attached to the rod 16 which is connected to the spindle nut 14 which runs on the spindle II. In connection with the automatic control by the electronic computer, this results in a problem-free adjustment of the entirety of the filling tubes, whereby several people may be necessary to adjust these filling bridges in conventional systems due to the weight.

Claims (3)

1. Device for moving dispensing pistons and filling tubes for the filling of containers at an under- or an over-level,with filling levels that vary during the filling, particularly shaped bottles in filling machines whereby the movement is programmed, characterized in that the dispensing piston (5) and the filling tube (18, are each mechanically driven by a screw-threaded spindle (7, 11) and that the infinitely variable drives (10, 12) of the spindles (7, 11) can be controlled, tuned one against the other by means of a programmable electronic computer.
2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of dispensing pistons (5) resp. filling tubes (18) are arranged on a dispensing yoke (22) resp. on a cross beam (27).
3) Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in a machine table (1) electric motors (10,12) are provided as drive, which through reduction gearings (9, 13) drive the spindle nuts (8) or the spindles (11).
EP83107073A 1982-08-03 1983-07-20 Device for moving dosing pistons and filling nozzles Expired EP0100481B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3228935 1982-08-03
DE3228935A DE3228935C2 (en) 1982-08-03 1982-08-03 Device for moving metering pistons and filling tubes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0100481A2 EP0100481A2 (en) 1984-02-15
EP0100481A3 EP0100481A3 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0100481B1 true EP0100481B1 (en) 1987-01-14

Family

ID=6170008

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83107073A Expired EP0100481B1 (en) 1982-08-03 1983-07-20 Device for moving dosing pistons and filling nozzles

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4537230A (en)
EP (1) EP0100481B1 (en)
AT (1) AT386182B (en)
BE (1) BE897374A (en)
CH (1) CH659804A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3228935C2 (en)
ES (1) ES8404268A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2531403B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2124600B (en)
IT (1) IT1175108B (en)

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EP4502556A1 (en) * 2023-08-03 2025-02-05 BelCoPhar BV Dispenser

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US5111857A (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-05-12 Lawarre Precision Technologies, Inc. Center supply tube for a container filling assembly
JP2611117B2 (en) * 1993-04-12 1997-05-21 靜甲株式会社 Filling device for high viscosity liquid
FR2706857B1 (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-10-27 Dussau Distribution Sarl
US5551493A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-09-03 Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc. Filling apparatus with traveling nozzle
US5865226A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-02-02 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance, S.A. Servo motor driven fill system
JP4172830B2 (en) * 1997-01-08 2008-10-29 四国化工機株式会社 High speed liquid filling machine
US7047709B2 (en) * 2002-08-09 2006-05-23 Hamilton Kathryn M Straw-filling device
DE102008023319B4 (en) * 2008-05-13 2014-05-28 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Gmbh & Co. Kg PACKAGING MACHINE WITH A SPINDLE DRIVE LIFT
US20110072984A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Chen Cheng-Feng Automatic bean curd maker
WO2019113401A1 (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-13 Nordson Corporation Flexible package filling technique
CN111703600B (en) * 2020-06-13 2021-12-03 桐乡市恒立化工有限公司 Quantitative discharging method for liquid sodium silicate
CN112125263B (en) * 2020-09-28 2022-03-08 广东欧佩化妆品有限公司 Processing system for preparing moisturizing, oil-controlling and cleansing milk
CN112455746A (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-09 盛春阳 Utilize runner framework to realize intelligent skin lotion conveying equipment of high-efficient instillation

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4502556A1 (en) * 2023-08-03 2025-02-05 BelCoPhar BV Dispenser
BE1031865B1 (en) * 2023-08-03 2025-03-04 Belcophar Bv Dispenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0100481A2 (en) 1984-02-15
GB2124600B (en) 1985-11-20
DE3369102D1 (en) 1987-02-19
DE3228935C2 (en) 1984-10-31
DE3228935A1 (en) 1984-02-09
ES524723A0 (en) 1984-05-01
ES8404268A1 (en) 1984-05-01
US4537230A (en) 1985-08-27
EP0100481A3 (en) 1985-06-19
IT8383431A0 (en) 1983-07-28
FR2531403A1 (en) 1984-02-10
GB8319836D0 (en) 1983-08-24
ATA262283A (en) 1987-12-15
IT1175108B (en) 1987-07-01
FR2531403B1 (en) 1987-02-13
BE897374A (en) 1983-11-14
GB2124600A (en) 1984-02-22
AT386182B (en) 1988-07-11
CH659804A5 (en) 1987-02-27

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