EP0033901B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le moulage sous pression de métaux en fusion - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour le moulage sous pression de métaux en fusion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0033901B1 EP0033901B1 EP81100594A EP81100594A EP0033901B1 EP 0033901 B1 EP0033901 B1 EP 0033901B1 EP 81100594 A EP81100594 A EP 81100594A EP 81100594 A EP81100594 A EP 81100594A EP 0033901 B1 EP0033901 B1 EP 0033901B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- cooling
- shell
- thin
- evaporation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
- B22D17/2218—Cooling or heating equipment for dies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for die-casting molten metal into a die, which has at least one mold cavity which is enclosed by a thin-walled molded shell made of a metallic material with high thermal conductivity and the casting to be molded therein with the aid of at least one of the two Mold cavity adjacent cooling space of the die is cooled to the demolding temperature on the thin-walled mold shell, which evaporates, the coolant fills the cooling space if necessary and to a pressure exceeding the atmospheric pressure! is biased.
- the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method on a die casting machine with a die, which has at least one mold cavity enclosed by thin walls made of a metallic material with high thermal conductivity and at a distance from the heatable thin-walled mold shell, with the same via at least one axially compressible load Support body connected outer mold plates and devices for cooling the mold shell by evaporation of a cooling liquid on the outer surface.
- Fig. 1 discloses a method and a device of the type mentioned, which are intended for thermoplastic foam casting.
- the mold is heated by means of steam to a temperature before each mold filling process, which is above the melting point of the thermoplastics to be processed.
- the heat required for this must be dissipated again during the cooling process, which requires additional installations in addition to an increased energy requirement.
- the US-PS 3760864 further describes a process for the production of castings with extremely thin wall cross-sections and low porosity.
- the casting mold proposed for this purpose according to US Pat. No. 3,858,641 consists of two half-shell-like, thin-walled mold halves made of a good heat-conducting metal alloy.
- the sprue opens into the mold cavity from above with a very thin gate and is connected to a crucible from which the melt is pressed into the mold cavity at low pressure.
- the closed mold is heated by the heating elements to at least half the melting temperature of the cast metal before the start of the casting process.
- the chambers of the cooling jacket are filled with a cooling liquid, increasing from bottom to top, whereby progressive directional cooling of the casting takes place in the direction of the cutout via the thin wall of the mold cavity.
- a disadvantage of the method carried out with this device is that the heating of the mold halves with external heating requires time and energy.
- Another major disadvantage is that the melt supplied in the uppermost region of the mold cavity dissolves into drops when it falls, which leads to considerable porosity and oxidation of the cast metal.
- directional cooling results in thermal stresses in the mold wall, which are extremely detrimental to the life of the die.
- the die casting mold proposed for carrying out this method initially has main channels into which mold heating elements are immersed and which are connected via inlet and outlet valves to a pump and a water tank in a closed cooling circuit. Secondary channels leading from the main channels into the vicinity of the wall surface of the mold cavity are branched off.
- the cooling water temperature is constantly set at 200 ° C. So that there is no evaporation of the cooling water before the start of the casting process, it is kept under a pressure which is correspondingly increased above atmospheric pressure.
- the evaporation then begins during the mold filling process by locally overheating the cooling water at the thin cross-sectional locations of the mold wall, the locally evaporating cooling water escaping through the outlet valve being continuously replaced by the pump.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method which avoids the said disadvantages and enables the production of castings with improved quality features.
- the castings, with good dimensional stability should have an increased surface quality and a fine crystalline structure with significantly reduced porosity, so that their thermal aftertreatment is possible. It should also be possible to achieve a cycle time at most equal to that in known methods.
- this object is achieved in that the molten metal is heated to above its melting temperature and fed to the mold cavity, the mold shell being heated only by the metal to a temperature close to the solidification temperature of the metal, and in one of the completed mold filling processes subsequent cooling phase, the evaporation of the liquid coolant is triggered on the outer surface of the thin-walled molded shell.
- the mold is heated up only during the mold filling process and the casting is cooled from the solidification temperature to the demolding temperature only after the mold filling process.
- the energy required for the manufacturing process is reduced and the time for preheating the die can also be saved.
- the melt is overheated to such an extent that it can cool down in the mold cavity during the mold filling process only to a temperature close to the solidification temperature of the cast metal, whereby the mold warms up to about this temperature at the same time. Further cooling takes place after the mold filling process.
- the longer liquid keeping of the melt due to the low heat capacity of the thin-walled molded shell, allows a considerably reduced filling speed in comparison to the press-in speeds customary in pressure casting and thus, in the interest of a substantially reduced porosity of the cast part to be molded, a longer lasting, better ventilation of the mold cavity. Since the cooling from the solidification temperature to the demolding temperature takes place rapidly by removing the heat of vaporization of the coolant, the duration of the cooling phase can be shortened considerably.
- the mold filling process takes place with evacuation of the mold cavity, which largely prevents the absorption of air and gases by the melt during the mold filling process.
- the hereby increased suppression of the formation of gas inclusions in the cast part further contributes to the possibility of a thermal aftertreatment of the cast part which is already given by the invention.
- the same advantages result if the mold filling process takes place against a gas pressure.
- the gas back pressure causes a denser casting structure and at the same time improves the surface quality of the casting.
- the evaporation of the cooling liquid in the cooling phase is preferably triggered by spraying the outer surface of the thin-walled molded shell.
- the coolant consumption can be kept low if the coolant evaporates completely by correct dosing. In this case, there is no need to remove non-evaporating coolant. If water is used as a coolant, the water vapor generated can be released into the atmosphere without special equipment.
- the evaporation of the cooling liquid on the outer surface of the thin-walled molded shell can be carried out in a targeted manner with a locally variable intensity, depending on the local heat accumulation, by spraying the molded shell. This can force the shrinkage cavities to be moved to places where they do not have any disadvantages, provided that one does not want to or cannot completely suppress them.
- the evaporation is triggered by depressurization of a cooling liquid filling the cooling space of the die, which was prevented from evaporating by excess pressure during the previous mold filling process.
- the molded shell can in turn be initially intensively cooled at those points on its outer surface where the greatest heating occurs during the mold filling phase.
- the molded shell can be cooled to a greater or lesser extent over its entire outer surface in accordance with the local heat build-up and the cooling rate can be selected so that a stress-free solidification of the cast part is ensured.
- the mold filling process is preferably carried out at a low speed of 5 to 20 cm / s.
- the liquid metal is subject to significantly less turbulence during the mold filling phase than in conventional die casting.
- the metal does not spatter in the mold cavity, which means that considerably less air and gases are whirled into the melt.
- the cast structure becomes correspondingly denser and more suitable for later heat treatment.
- the wear of the die-casting mold, in particular that of the gate can also be markedly reduced. It will also protect the mold half sprayed release agent possible, so that several casting cycles can be carried out after a spraying process.
- the device according to the invention is characterized in that, instead of a mold heating device, the cast metal is provided as a heat donor for heating the thin-walled mold shell supported against the outer mold plates; -_ t and that means for regulating the intensity of the evaporation of the cooling liquid are arranged.
- a coherent cooling space can be formed between the mold shell and the outer mold plates, which is in constant communication with the free atmosphere, so that the evaporating cooling liquid can escape directly into the atmosphere. Installations for the return and condensation of the evaporated coolant are not necessary.
- the thin wall thereof can expediently be supported against the outer molded plates by means of support rods penetrating the cooling space.
- the cooling space between the mold shell and the outer mold plates can also be divided into two self-contained halves, which are constantly filled with a cooling liquid. Both measures make it possible to produce the molded shell with a small wall thickness, if necessary also from a material of low strength, since the already low pressure half to be transmitted between the outer molded plates and the molded shell is either by the support rods or partly by the stop faces of the outer molded plates along the circumference the molded shell and partially absorbed by the incompressible coolant.
- support rods When using support rods, these are particularly advantageously formed from a material with low thermal conductivity and with a large ratio to the diameter. As a result, the support rods dissipate only a small amount of heat and do not influence the cooling process in the mold cavity.
- a number of spray nozzles each aligned with the opposite wall surface of the molded shell are preferably arranged in the outer mold plates, so that the two-sided wall surfaces of the molded shell can be sprayed simultaneously and without gaps in the cooling phase.
- the storage of the spray nozzles is expediently provided in such a way that the distance of the nozzles from the molded shell is adjustable. This enables uniform cooling of the entire outer surface of the mold or a part thereof, or individual points can be cooled more or less intensively by adjusting the nozzle spacing.
- a liquid can advantageously be provided as the coolant, the evaporation temperature of which is higher than that of the water at atmospheric pressure.
- cooling spaces per mold shell half are preferably each assigned an inlet valve and a common outlet valve, which serve to adjust the pressure of the cooling liquid. This allows cooling to be carried out in a targeted manner and the cooling rate to be set using simple, commercially available components.
- the molded shell is expediently made from a high-temperature resistant material. This allows the construction of a warp-resistant, thin-walled shape with little tendency to surface cracks and therefore a long service life.
- castings can be produced with the properties required at the outset with regard to surface quality, structure and dimensional accuracy.
- the reference numerals 1 and 2 designate two outer mold plates, of which the mold plate 1 is fastened to the fixed platen F and the mold plate 2 to the movable platen B.
- a plurality of support rods 3 are fastened, which carry a fixed or a movable mold shell half 4 or 5 at their mutually facing other ends.
- the support rods 3 have a small diameter in relation to their length, so that they are flexible and their heat-dissipating effect is low.
- the support rods 3 are screwed at their ends to the mold shell halves 3, 4 or the outer mold plates 1, 2.
- a sheet metal jacket 6 is also attached to the fixed platen F, which overlaps a second sheet metal jacket 7 when closed, which is attached to the movable platen B.
- B coolant lines 10 are arranged, in the mouths of which a spray nozzle 11 is screwed with a threaded shaft 12. The nozzle openings are directed against the opposite wall surface of the mold shell halves 4 and 5.
- the ends of the coolant lines 10 are preferably at the intersection of a network-shaped grid and are designed so that they can be optionally closed or provided with a spray nozzle 11 as required.
- the two mold shell halves 4, 5 are very thin-walled in comparison to conventional die casting molds and are made of a heat-resistant material with a significantly higher thermal conductivity than that of mold steels.
- the wall thickness and / or the material of the mold shell halves 4, 5 are to be coordinated so that during the mold filling process, the melt filled into the mold cavity 16 heats the wall of the mold shell halves 4 and 5 at least to a temperature close to the solidification temperature of the casting metal.
- the melt must be overheated noticeably above the solidification temperature so that the mold shell and the melt reach approximately the same temperature at the end of the mold filling process. The desired course of the solidification process can then be forced in the subsequent cooling phase.
- the heat content of the melt between the overheating temperature and the lower temperature present at the end of the mold filling process should be sufficient for heating the mold shell 4, 5 to approximately the same temperature that the melt has at the end of the mold filling process. This temperature should be close to the solidification temperature of the metal alloy to be cast.
- the poured casting metal is at least still in the viscous state in the mold cavity 16.
- the coolant which can be water or a liquid with a higher evaporation temperature, is sprayed against the outer surfaces of the mold shell halves 4 and 5 by means of the spray nozzles 11, and a rapid cooling of the mold shell 4, 5, including the solidification therein, is carried out by evaporation thereon Casting causes.
- Fig. 2 shows in principle the temperature profile in the mold shell 4, 5 on the one hand and in the melt on the other hand during a casting cycle. It can be seen from this illustration that the melt in the mold cools from the superheating temperature to a temperature close to the solidification temperature during the mold filling phase, the mold temperature heating up to an at least approximately the same temperature due to the heat emitted by the melt.
- the evaporation of the cooling liquid on the outer surfaces of the mold shell 4, 5, which is triggered according to the invention after the mold filling process has been completed, causes the latter to cool down steeply and, because of its high thermal conductivity, also that of the cast part, as can be seen from the curves in the cooling phase which descend closely to one another until the demolding temperature is. By doing this, the duration of the cooling phase can be shortened considerably and thus the total cycle time can be reduced, since there is no need to heat the mold shell 4, 5 before the mold filling process.
- the figure shows a second exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention. Parts which are the same as or equivalent to those in the first exemplary embodiment are marked with corresponding reference numbers.
- the outer mold plates 1 'and 2' with the associated mold shell halves 4 'and 5' each form a pressure-resistant cooling space 8 'which is permanently provided with a cooling liquid, which can be the same as in the first embodiment according to FIG. 1, are filled.
- Each of the cooling rooms 8 ' is connected via a feed line 18 or 19 to the pressure side of a continuously operating pump 20, a check valve 21, 22 being arranged in each of the feed lines 18, 19.
- a return line 23 with a pressure relief valve 24, an electromagnetically actuated shut-off valve 25 and a safety valve 31 is provided, which opens into a storage container 26 3 .
- a steam discharge line 27 or 28 leads from the upper end of each cooling space 8 'to a collecting line 29 with an electromagnetically actuated discharge valve 30, which returns the steam formed in the cooling spaces 8' to the storage container 26.
- the shut-off valve 25 is closed and the drain valve 30 is opened.
- the pump 20 fills the cooling spaces 8 ′ with the cooling liquid through the feed line 18 and 19, the air displaced from the cooling spaces 8 ′ flowing out via the steam discharge lines 27 and 28 and the collecting line 29.
- the shut-off valve 25 is opened and the drain valve 30 is closed. Since the pump 20 operates continuously, the pressure relief valve 24 now determines the pressure prevailing in the cold rooms 8 '.
- the cooling liquid in the cooling spaces 8 ' is pressurized by a corresponding setting of the pressure relief valve 24 so that it does not evaporate when the mold cavity 16 is filled with liquid metal. If, after the mold filling process has been completed, the pressure of the cooling liquid in the cooling spaces 8 'is lowered by initially opening the drain valve 30 slightly, the cooling liquid first begins to evaporate at the hottest points on the outer surface of the mold shell halves 4' and 5 '.
- the casting which is formed in the mold cavity 16 ' has a hub in its center which has a larger material accumulation than the peripheral regions of the casting.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH82680A CH646355A5 (de) | 1980-02-01 | 1980-02-01 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum druckgiessen von schmelzfluessigem metall. |
| CH826/80 | 1980-02-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0033901A1 EP0033901A1 (fr) | 1981-08-19 |
| EP0033901B1 true EP0033901B1 (fr) | 1983-12-21 |
Family
ID=4196096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81100594A Expired EP0033901B1 (fr) | 1980-02-01 | 1981-01-28 | Procédé et dispositif pour le moulage sous pression de métaux en fusion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0033901B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS57500055A (fr) |
| CH (1) | CH646355A5 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3161668D1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES508852A0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1981002124A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1220608A (fr) * | 1984-02-02 | 1987-04-21 | Guido Perrella | Moule de coulee en coquille |
| CA1315955C (fr) * | 1987-01-12 | 1993-04-13 | Masatoshi Kawaguchi | Procede et appareil de moulage par coulee et methode de production de pieces mecaniques |
| DE102015118901A1 (de) | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-04 | Uwe Richter | Verfahren der konturnahen flächenhaften Temperierung von segmentierten schalenförmigen Formwerkzeugen |
| CN112059116B (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2025-07-18 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | 一种控制熔模铸造高铁箱体变形和凝固的装置和方法 |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1278679A (fr) * | 1960-11-02 | 1961-12-15 | Perfectionnements aux coquilles destinées au moulage des pièces métalliques coulées par gravité | |
| NL6603844A (fr) * | 1966-03-24 | 1967-09-25 | ||
| US3858641A (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1975-01-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Metal casting in thin walled molds |
| FR2266562A1 (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1975-10-31 | Killion Leonard | Metal parts forming method - involves cooling pressurized molten metal in a forging die |
| FR2289314A1 (fr) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-05-28 | Montedison Spa | Moule perfectionne pour le moulage par injection de matieres plastiques expansibles |
| FR2329011A1 (fr) * | 1975-10-24 | 1977-05-20 | Vihorlat Np | Installation pour le reglage automatique de la temperature de moule |
| GB2005168A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1979-04-19 | Toshiba Machine Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing stainless steel die cast products having low melting point |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4248289A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1981-02-03 | Dbm Industries Limited | Die casting machine |
-
1980
- 1980-02-01 CH CH82680A patent/CH646355A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1981
- 1981-01-23 JP JP56500388A patent/JPS57500055A/ja active Pending
- 1981-01-23 WO PCT/CH1981/000007 patent/WO1981002124A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1981-01-28 EP EP81100594A patent/EP0033901B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-01-28 DE DE8181100594T patent/DE3161668D1/de not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-01-19 ES ES508852A patent/ES508852A0/es active Granted
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1278679A (fr) * | 1960-11-02 | 1961-12-15 | Perfectionnements aux coquilles destinées au moulage des pièces métalliques coulées par gravité | |
| NL6603844A (fr) * | 1966-03-24 | 1967-09-25 | ||
| US3858641A (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1975-01-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Metal casting in thin walled molds |
| FR2266562A1 (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1975-10-31 | Killion Leonard | Metal parts forming method - involves cooling pressurized molten metal in a forging die |
| FR2289314A1 (fr) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-05-28 | Montedison Spa | Moule perfectionne pour le moulage par injection de matieres plastiques expansibles |
| FR2329011A1 (fr) * | 1975-10-24 | 1977-05-20 | Vihorlat Np | Installation pour le reglage automatique de la temperature de moule |
| GB2005168A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1979-04-19 | Toshiba Machine Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing stainless steel die cast products having low melting point |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8302499A1 (es) | 1983-02-01 |
| ES508852A0 (es) | 1983-02-01 |
| CH646355A5 (de) | 1984-11-30 |
| WO1981002124A1 (fr) | 1981-08-06 |
| EP0033901A1 (fr) | 1981-08-19 |
| DE3161668D1 (en) | 1984-01-26 |
| JPS57500055A (fr) | 1982-01-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19820107 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT |
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