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EP0031919A1 - Annular space tube bundle heat exchanger - Google Patents

Annular space tube bundle heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0031919A1
EP0031919A1 EP80107819A EP80107819A EP0031919A1 EP 0031919 A1 EP0031919 A1 EP 0031919A1 EP 80107819 A EP80107819 A EP 80107819A EP 80107819 A EP80107819 A EP 80107819A EP 0031919 A1 EP0031919 A1 EP 0031919A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
heat exchanger
segment
displacement
tube bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP80107819A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Günter Heck
Erhard Dr. Muthmann
Rudolf Rossmeissl
Heinz Schmidt
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of EP0031919A1 publication Critical patent/EP0031919A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with a greatly increased heat transfer area by using the annular gap principle.
  • annular gap tube heat exchanger in which filler rods are arranged as displacers in the exchanger tubes, so that there are annular gaps between the inner walls of the exchanger tubes and the displacers, in which the medium to be cooled or heated (primary medium) flows (cf. FR-PS 12 49 001).
  • primary medium cf. FR-PS 12 49 001
  • the annular gap principle in this form can only be used with small heat exchangers. With large heat exchangers, the displacers become too heavy and unwieldy with large dimensions.
  • the task was therefore to find a heat exchanger that allows intensive heat exchange with large dimensions.
  • the invention relates to the heat exchanger mentioned in the claims.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention consists of a cylindrical part, which is formed from several segments, and two hoods closing this part.
  • the largest of these segments consists of a cylinder, which is closed on two sides by flat, circular bottoms.
  • a number of parallel tubes are arranged between the two trays. They are largely pressure-tightly fastened in the floors, for example by rolling in or welding in.
  • the number of these outer tubes is 1 to approx. 3000, preferably 1 to 1500, they are preferably distributed symmetrically over the cross section of the segment. They are approx. 100 to approx. 8000 mm, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm long, have a diameter of approx. 15 to approx. 150 mm, preferably 30 to 100 mm, and a wall thickness of approx. 1 to approx. 10 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • connectors are provided for the inflow or outflow of the heating or cooling medium.
  • a displacer body projects into each outer tube of the large heat exchanger segment such that a narrow, annular gap of approximately 1 to approximately 20 mm, preferably 2 to 10 mm, is formed between the inner wall of the respective outer tube and the displacer body.
  • the displacers can have suitable spacers, e.g. cams, ribs or the like. wear so that they keep the same distance from the inner walls of the outer tubes of the large segment.
  • the displacers can also have a cross-section and a shape which cause the displacers to touch the outer tubes from time to time and generally maintain a distance.
  • the displacement themselves consist of tubes with a diameter of about 10 mm to about 140, preferably from 20 mm to 80, a length of about 10 0 mm to about 8000, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm and a wall thickness of about 1 up to approx. 10 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • the displacement tubes are also attached to a flat floor. This floor is at a distance corresponding to the height of a small heat exchanger segment from the nearest floor of the large heat exchanger segment.
  • the displacer tubes may be open, in which case they will be loosened in a second flat floor, e.g. held by glands. This floor is in turn. at a distance corresponding to the height of a small heat exchanger segment from the next bottom of the large heat exchanger segment, so that a chamber is also formed.
  • the displacement tubes can also be closed on one side. In this case, they must be wide enough to allow the heating or cooling medium to flow back and forth.
  • the heating or cooling medium is preferably brought to the closed end of the displacement tubes by means of inner tubes which are introduced into the displacement tubes, so that it flows back in the gap between the displacement tubes and the inner tubes. If condensate forms, its removal is supported by the steam flowing in.
  • inner tubes also have a diameter of approximately 6 to approximately 130 mm, preferably approximately 14 to 70 mm, a length of approximately 100 to approximately 8000 mm, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm, and a wall thickness of approximately
  • 1 to approx. 10 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm, are fastened in a flat base, which is separated from the base carrying the displacement tubes by a small heat exchanger segment.
  • the large heat exchanger segment is approx. 100 to approx. 8000 mm, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm long and has a diameter of the cylinder wall (without flanges and sockets) of approx. 25 to approx. 3000 mm, preferably 150 to 1600 mm, the wall thickness depends on the operating pressure and material and is preferably approx. 2 to 60 mm.
  • baffles are expediently installed in the large segment in order to distribute the heating or cooling medium more evenly over the to be able to distribute the whole room.
  • the small segments have a height of about 100 mm to about 2000, preferably 200 to 600 mm, their diameters are the same as the large segment, their wall thicknesses can in the case of F ert Trentsvorieri be equal. All small segments are preferably the same in their dimensions and have the same number of connecting pieces, so that the cylindrical part of the heat exchanger can only consist of two different types of segments.
  • the connecting pieces can also be the same size, but preferably the inlet pieces for the heating medium are larger than the other pieces.
  • the displacement tubes and possibly the inner tubes with them are not of the same length, but have different lengths. These measures simplify and facilitate assembly and disassembly.
  • a spacer for the displacer and / or inner tubes can be inserted in the corresponding segments to make threading even easier (movable plate with the same pitch as the tube plate).
  • the hoods are commercially available boiler hoods and can be obtained from stock in all desired sizes.
  • the entire heat exchanger is preferably made of metal, for example, depending on the aggressiveness of the media, from boiler plate or stainless steel. However, it is also possible to make it out of glass or graphite.
  • the figures show examples of the heat exchanger according to the invention as it is operated as an evaporator / condenser in a vertical or inclined position.
  • the heat exchanger according to Figure 1 consists of the large cylindrical segment (1), the small cylindrical segments (2) and the hoods (3).
  • the outer tubes (6) are also welded to the flat floors (4) and (5) welded in the segment (1). Steam flows through the nozzle (7) into the segment (1) and flows around the pipes (6), while the condensate leaves the segment (1) through the nozzle (8).
  • In the tubes (6) there are displacement tubes (9) with spacers (9a), which are welded into the base (10) and are movably guided in a gland (11a) in the base (11).
  • the bottoms (10) and (11) are loosely between the flanges (12) of the segments (2) and the hoods (3) and are held in place when these flanges are screwed together.
  • the product to be heated passes through the nozzle (13) into the heat exchanger, flows upwards in the annular gap between the pipes (6) and (9) and leaves the apparatus through the nozzle (14). Steam flows through the nozzle (15) in the upper hood (3) through the displacement tubes (9), the condensate leaves the heat exchanger through the nozzle (16) in the lower hood (3). In this way, the product to be heated is from two sides heated.
  • the heat exchanger according to FIG. 3 also consists of the large segment (1), the small segments (2), the hoods (3), the bottoms (4) and (5) welded into the segment (1) with the tubes (6) and the nozzle (7) and (8).
  • Connecting piece (7) is used for steam inlet
  • connection piece (8) ondensatabgang the K.
  • the displacement tubes (9) welded into the base (10), which is held between the segments (2) by means of the flanges (12), are of different lengths and are closed at the end opposite the base (10).
  • Heating steam enters the heat exchanger through the connector (14), flows up into the displacement pipes (9) and condenses there, while the condensate flows out through the connector (16).
  • the product to be heated flows through the nozzle (13), through the annular gap between the tubes (6) and (9) and through the nozzle (15) again.
  • FIG. 4 A heat exchanger, with which particularly clear flow conditions can be achieved with permanently welded pipes, is shown in FIG. 4. It consists of the segments (1) and (2) with the hoods (3).
  • the segment (1) contains the pipes (6) permanently installed in the bottoms (4) and (5), this segment also contains the nozzle (7) for the steam inlet and the nozzle (8) for the condensate drain.
  • the displacement tubes (9) are of unequal length and are welded into the base (10), which is located between the two segments (2) below the segment (1). Inside the displacement tubes (9), which are closed on one side, there are inner tubes (17) with spacers (17a) which are welded into the flat bottom (18). This bottom is by means of the lower hood (3) the flanges (12) held.
  • the product to be heated enters the heat exchanger through the connector (13) and flows through the annular gap between the outer tubes (6) and the displacement tubes (9) and leaves the apparatus through the connector (15). Further steam enters through the nozzle (16), flows up in the inner tubes (17) and back in the annular gap between the inner tubes (17) and the displacement tubes (9) with condensation and emerges again through the nozzle (19).
  • FIG 5 shows the arrangement of the tubes (6), the displacement tubes (9) and the inner tubes (17) in the segment (1).
  • the steam is introduced into the heat exchanger according to the invention in two places. Part of the steam flows around the large installed pipes and condenses on them. The other part of the steam flows through the displacement pipes in order to condense there.
  • This type of steam routing causes the product flow in the annular gap between the fixed tubes in the large segment and the displacement tubes to absorb condensation heat from two sides.
  • the displacement pipes ensure that the same heat transfer coefficients as for normal pipes (empty pipes) are achieved with lower product quantities.
  • the displacement tubes achieve a significantly higher heat transfer area, which depends on the ratio of the diameter of the outer tube (6) and the displacement tube (9) to one another. Special flow forms (e.g. tangential flow, turbulent flow etc.) can be achieved by means of installations (9a) in the annular gap between the pipes (6) and (9).
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can be operated as an evaporator / condenser in a vertical or inclined position.
  • the position is arbitrary for heat exchange without phase change.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

An annular space tube bundle heat exchanger having a greatly increased heat transfer surface and an intensive heat exchange has in the tubes (6), in which the primary medium flows, tubes (9) which act as displacers for this medium and in which the secondary medium flows. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher mit einer stark erhöhten Wärmeübertragungsfläche durch Anwendung des Ringspalt-Prinzips.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with a greatly increased heat transfer area by using the annular gap principle.

Es ist ein Ringspalt-Röhrenwärmetauscher bekannt, bei welchem in den Austauscherrohren Füllstäbe als Verdrängerkörper angeordnet sind, so daß sich zwischen den Innenwänden der Austauscherrohre und den Verdrängerkörpern Ringspalte befinden, in welchem das zu kühlende bzw. zu heizende Medium (Primärmedium) fließt (vgl. FR-PS 12 49 001). Auf diese Weise wird das im Austauscher befindliche Volumen an Primärmedium beträchtlich reduziert, was insbesondere bei sehr kostspieligem Primärmedium vorteilhaft ist. Allerdings ist das Ringspalt-Prinzip in dieser Form nur bei kleinen Wärmetauschern anwendbar. Bei großen Wärmetauschern werden die Verdrängerkörper bei großen Abmessungen zu schwer und-unhandlich.An annular gap tube heat exchanger is known, in which filler rods are arranged as displacers in the exchanger tubes, so that there are annular gaps between the inner walls of the exchanger tubes and the displacers, in which the medium to be cooled or heated (primary medium) flows (cf. FR-PS 12 49 001). In this way, the volume of primary medium in the exchanger is considerably reduced, which is particularly advantageous in the case of very expensive primary medium. However, the annular gap principle in this form can only be used with small heat exchangers. With large heat exchangers, the displacers become too heavy and unwieldy with large dimensions.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, einen Wärmetauscher zu finden, der einen intensiven Wärmeaustausch bei großen Abmessungen gestattet.The task was therefore to find a heat exchanger that allows intensive heat exchange with large dimensions.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist der in den Ansprüchen genannte Wärmetauscher.The invention relates to the heat exchanger mentioned in the claims.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher besteht aus einem zylindrischen Teil, der aus mehreren Segmenten gebildet wird, und zwei diesen Teil abschließenden Hauben.The heat exchanger according to the invention consists of a cylindrical part, which is formed from several segments, and two hoods closing this part.

Das größte dieser Segmente besteht aus einem Zylinder, welcher an zwei Seiten durch ebene, kreisrunde Böden verschlossen wird. Zwischen den beiden Böden ist eine Anzahl paralleler Rohre angeordnet. Sie sind in den Böden weitgehend druckdicht befestigt, beispielsweise durch Einwalzen oder Einschweißen. Die Zahl dieser Außenrohre beträgt 1 bis ca. 3000, vorzugsweise 1 bis 1500, sie sind vorzugsweise symmetrisch über den Querschnitt des Segmentes verteilt. Sie sind ca. 100 bis ca. 8000 mm, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 6000 mm lang, haben einen Durchmesser von ca. 15 bis ca. 150 mm, vorzugsweise 30 bis 100 mm, und eine Wandstärke von ca. 1 bis ca. 10 mm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 mm. An beiden Enden des Segmentes sind in der Nähe der ebenen Böden in der Zylinderwand Stutzen für den Zu- bzw. Abfluß des Heiz- bzw. Kühlmediums angebracht.The largest of these segments consists of a cylinder, which is closed on two sides by flat, circular bottoms. A number of parallel tubes are arranged between the two trays. They are largely pressure-tightly fastened in the floors, for example by rolling in or welding in. The number of these outer tubes is 1 to approx. 3000, preferably 1 to 1500, they are preferably distributed symmetrically over the cross section of the segment. They are approx. 100 to approx. 8000 mm, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm long, have a diameter of approx. 15 to approx. 150 mm, preferably 30 to 100 mm, and a wall thickness of approx. 1 to approx. 10 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm. At both ends of the segment, in the vicinity of the flat floors in the cylinder wall, connectors are provided for the inflow or outflow of the heating or cooling medium.

In jedes Außenrohr des großen Wärmetauscher-Segmentes ragt ein Verdrängerkörper hinein, derart, daß zwischen der Innenwand des jeweiligen Außenrohres und dem Verdrängerkörper ein schmaler, ringförmiger Spalt von ca. 1 bis ca. 20 mm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 10 mm gebildet wird. An der Oberfläche können die Verdrängerkörper geeignete Abstandshalter, z.B. Nocken, Rippen o.ä. tragen, damit sie gleichen Abstand von den Innenwänden der Außenrohre des großen Segmentes bewahren. Die Verdrängerkörper können jedoch auch einen Querschnitt und eine Form aufweisen, welche bewirken daß die Verdrängerkörper hin und wieder die Außerrohre berühren, und im allgemeinen einen Abstand wahren. Die Verdrängerkörper selbst bestehen aus Rohren mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 10 bis ca. 140 mm, vorzugsweise 20 bis 80 mm, einer Länge von ca. 100 bis ca. 8000 mm, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 6000 mm und einer Wandstärke von ca. 1 bis ca. 10 mm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 mm. An einem Ende sind die Verdrängerrohre ebenfalls in einem ebenen Boden befestigt. Dieser Boden befindet sich in einem Abstand entsprechend der Höhe eines kleinen Wärmetauscher-Segmentes vom nächstliegenden Boden des großen Wärmetauscher-Segmentes entfernt.A displacer body projects into each outer tube of the large heat exchanger segment such that a narrow, annular gap of approximately 1 to approximately 20 mm, preferably 2 to 10 mm, is formed between the inner wall of the respective outer tube and the displacer body. On the surface, the displacers can have suitable spacers, e.g. cams, ribs or the like. wear so that they keep the same distance from the inner walls of the outer tubes of the large segment. However, the displacers can also have a cross-section and a shape which cause the displacers to touch the outer tubes from time to time and generally maintain a distance. The displacement themselves consist of tubes with a diameter of about 10 mm to about 140, preferably from 20 mm to 80, a length of about 10 0 mm to about 8000, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm and a wall thickness of about 1 up to approx. 10 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm. At one end, the displacement tubes are also attached to a flat floor. This floor is at a distance corresponding to the height of a small heat exchanger segment from the nearest floor of the large heat exchanger segment.

Auf diese Weise wird eine Kammer gebildet, aus welcher das zu heizende oder zu kühlende Medium in die Ringspalte zwischen den Außenrohren des großen Segmentes und den Verdrängerrohren fließen kann. Am anderen Ende können die Verdrängerrohre offen sein, in diesen Fällen werden sie wegen der Wärmebewegung an diesem Ende lose in einem zweiten ebenen Boden, z.B. durch Stopfbuchsen, gehalten. Dieser Boden befindet sich wiederum. in einem Abstand entsprechend der Höhe eines kleinen Wärmetauscher-Segmentes vom nächsten Boden des großen Wärmetauscher-Segmentes entfernt, so daß ebenfalls eine Kammer gebildet wird. Die Verdrängerrohre können aber auch einseitig geschlossen sein. In diesem Falle müssen sie ausreichend weit sein, damit ein Hin- und Zurückfließen des Heiz- bzw. Kühlmediums möglich ist. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch das Heiz- bzw. Kühlmedium mittels Innenrohre, die in die Verdrängerrohre eingeführt sind, an das geschlossene Ende der Verdrängerrohre gebracht, so daß es im Spalt zwischen den Verdrängerrohren und den Innenrohren zurückfließt. Falls sich Kondensat bildet, wird sein Abtransport durch den nachströmenden Dampf unterstützt. Auch diese Innenrohre, die einen Durchmesser von ca. 6 bis ca. 130 mm, vorzugsweise ca. 14 bis 70 mm, eine Länge von ca. 100 bis ca. 8000 mm, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 6000 mm, und eine Wandstärke von ca.In this way, a chamber is formed from which the medium to be heated or cooled can flow into the annular gaps between the outer tubes of the large segment and the displacement tubes. At the other end, the displacer tubes may be open, in which case they will be loosened in a second flat floor, e.g. held by glands. This floor is in turn. at a distance corresponding to the height of a small heat exchanger segment from the next bottom of the large heat exchanger segment, so that a chamber is also formed. The displacement tubes can also be closed on one side. In this case, they must be wide enough to allow the heating or cooling medium to flow back and forth. However, the heating or cooling medium is preferably brought to the closed end of the displacement tubes by means of inner tubes which are introduced into the displacement tubes, so that it flows back in the gap between the displacement tubes and the inner tubes. If condensate forms, its removal is supported by the steam flowing in. These inner tubes also have a diameter of approximately 6 to approximately 130 mm, preferably approximately 14 to 70 mm, a length of approximately 100 to approximately 8000 mm, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm, and a wall thickness of approximately

1 bis ca. 10 mm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 mm, aufweisen, sind in einem ebenen Boden befestigt, welcher durch ein kleines Wärmetauscher-Segment von dem die Verdrängerrohre tragenden Boden getrennt ist.1 to approx. 10 mm, preferably 2 to 6 mm, are fastened in a flat base, which is separated from the base carrying the displacement tubes by a small heat exchanger segment.

Das große Wärmetauscher-Segment ist ca. 100 bis ca. 8000mm, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 6000 mm lang und hat einen Durchmesser der Zylinderwandung (ohne Flansche und Stutzen) von ca. 25 bis ca. 3000 mm, vorzugsweise 150 bis 1600 mm, die Wandstärke ist abhängig vom Betriebsdruck und Material und beträgt vorzugsweise ca. 2 bis 60 mm. Bei großen Durchmessern werden im großen Segment zweckmäßigerweise Leitbleche eingebaut, um das Heiz- bzw. Kühlmedium gleichmäßiger über den ganzen Raum verteilen zu können. Die kleinen Segmente weisen eine Höhe von ca. 100 bis ca. 2000 mm, vorzugsweise 200 bis 600 mm auf, ihre Durchmesser sind die gleichen wie beim großen Segment, ihre Wandstärken können im Fall von Fertigungsvorteilen gleich sein. Vorzugsweise sind alle kleinen Segmente gleich in ihren Abmessungen und besitzen die gleiche Anzahl Anschlußstutzen, so daß der zylindrische Teil des Wärmetauschers nur aus zwei verschiedenen Arten Segmenten bestehen kann. Auch die Anschlußstutzen können gleichgroß sein, vorzugsweise sind jedoch die Eintrittsstutzen für das Heizmedium größer als die anderen Stutzen. Es ist weiterhin möglich, die ebenen Böden mit den Verdrängerrohren und den Innenrohren nicht fest an einem der Segmente bzw. einer der Hauben anzubringen, sondern lose zwischen die Flansche der Segmente bzw. Hauben einzulegen, so daß beim Festziehen der Flansche eine feste Verbindung der Böden zu den Segmenten entsteht. Weiterhin sind die Verdrängerrohre und gegebenenfalls mit ihnen die Innenrohre nicht gleich lang, sondern weisen verschiedene Längen auf. Durch diese Maßnahmen werden Montage und Demontage vereinfacht und erleichtert. Außerdem kann noch ein Distanzhalter für die Verdränger- und/oder Innenrohre in den entsprechenden Segmenten eingebracht werden, um die Einfädelung noch weiter zu erleichtern (bewegliche Platte mit gleicher Teilung wie Rohrboden).The large heat exchanger segment is approx. 100 to approx. 8000 mm, preferably 1000 to 6000 mm long and has a diameter of the cylinder wall (without flanges and sockets) of approx. 25 to approx. 3000 mm, preferably 150 to 1600 mm, the wall thickness depends on the operating pressure and material and is preferably approx. 2 to 60 mm. In the case of large diameters, baffles are expediently installed in the large segment in order to distribute the heating or cooling medium more evenly over the to be able to distribute the whole room. The small segments have a height of about 100 mm to about 2000, preferably 200 to 600 mm, their diameters are the same as the large segment, their wall thicknesses can in the case of F ertigungsvorteilen be equal. All small segments are preferably the same in their dimensions and have the same number of connecting pieces, so that the cylindrical part of the heat exchanger can only consist of two different types of segments. The connecting pieces can also be the same size, but preferably the inlet pieces for the heating medium are larger than the other pieces. It is also possible not to attach the flat floors with the displacement tubes and the inner tubes firmly to one of the segments or one of the hoods, but to insert them loosely between the flanges of the segments or hoods, so that when the flanges are tightened, the floors are firmly connected to the segments. Furthermore, the displacement tubes and possibly the inner tubes with them are not of the same length, but have different lengths. These measures simplify and facilitate assembly and disassembly. In addition, a spacer for the displacer and / or inner tubes can be inserted in the corresponding segments to make threading even easier (movable plate with the same pitch as the tube plate).

Die Hauben sind handelsübliche Kesselhauben und können in allen gewünschten Größen ab Lager bezogen werden.The hoods are commercially available boiler hoods and can be obtained from stock in all desired sizes.

Der ganze Wärmetauscher besteht vorzugsweise aus Metall, beispielsweise je nach Agressivität der Medien aus Kesselblech oder rostfreiem Edelstahl. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, ihn aus Glas oder Graphit anzufertigen.The entire heat exchanger is preferably made of metal, for example, depending on the aggressiveness of the media, from boiler plate or stainless steel. However, it is also possible to make it out of glass or graphite.

Die Figuren zeigen Beispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers, wie er als Verdampfer/Kondensator in senkrechter oder schräger Lage betrieben wird.The figures show examples of the heat exchanger according to the invention as it is operated as an evaporator / condenser in a vertical or inclined position.

  • Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher, bei welchem die Verdrängerrohre an beiden Seiten offen sind und an einer Seite lose in einem Boden geführt werden.Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger, in which the displacement tubes are open on both sides and are loosely guided in one floor on one side.
  • Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch denselben Wärmetauscher.Figure 2 shows a cross section through the same heat exchanger.
  • Figur 3 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher mit einseitig geschlossenen Verdrängerrohren.FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger with displacement tubes closed on one side.
  • Figur 4 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher mit einseitig geschlossenen Verdrängerrohren und Innenrohren.FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger with displacement tubes closed on one side and inner tubes.

Aus Figur 5 ist der Querschnitt dieses Wärmetauschers zu erkennen.The cross section of this heat exchanger can be seen from FIG.

Der Wärmetauscher gemäß Figur 1 besteht aus dem großen zylindrischen Segment (1), den kleinen zylindrischen Segmenten (2) und den Hauben (3). An den im Segment (1) eingeschweißten ebenen Böden (4) und (5) sind die Außenrohre (6) ebenfalls eingeschweißt. Durch den Stutzen (7) strömt Dampf in das Segment (1) und umspült die Rohre (6), während das Kondensat das Segment (1) durch den Stutzen (8) verläßt. In den Rohren (6) befinden sich Verdrängerrohre (9) mit Abstandhaltern (9a), welche im Boden (10) eingeschweißt sind und im Boden (11) beweglich in einer Stopfbüchse (11a) geführt werden. Die Böden (10) und (11) befinden sich lose zwischen den Flanschen (12) der Segmente (2) und der Hauben (3) und werden beim Verschrauben dieser Flansche festgehalten. Das zu heizende Produkt tritt durch den Stutzen (13) in den Wärmetauscher, fließt in dem Ringspalt zwischen den Rohren (6) und (9) aufwärts und verläßt den Apparat durch den Stutzen (14). Dampf strömt durch den Stutzen (15) in der oberen Haube (3) durch die Verdrängerrohre (9), das Kondensat verläßt den Wärmetauscher durch den Stutzen (16) in der unteren Haube (3). Auf diese Weise wird das zu erwärmende Produkt von zwei Seiten erhitzt.The heat exchanger according to Figure 1 consists of the large cylindrical segment (1), the small cylindrical segments (2) and the hoods (3). The outer tubes (6) are also welded to the flat floors (4) and (5) welded in the segment (1). Steam flows through the nozzle (7) into the segment (1) and flows around the pipes (6), while the condensate leaves the segment (1) through the nozzle (8). In the tubes (6) there are displacement tubes (9) with spacers (9a), which are welded into the base (10) and are movably guided in a gland (11a) in the base (11). The bottoms (10) and (11) are loosely between the flanges (12) of the segments (2) and the hoods (3) and are held in place when these flanges are screwed together. The product to be heated passes through the nozzle (13) into the heat exchanger, flows upwards in the annular gap between the pipes (6) and (9) and leaves the apparatus through the nozzle (14). Steam flows through the nozzle (15) in the upper hood (3) through the displacement tubes (9), the condensate leaves the heat exchanger through the nozzle (16) in the lower hood (3). In this way, the product to be heated is from two sides heated.

Die symmetrische Anordnung der Rohre (6) und der Verdrängerrohre (9) innerhalb des Segmentes (1) läßt Figur 2 erkennen. Im vorliegenden Fall sind 19 Ringspaltrohre als Beispiel gezeigt.The symmetrical arrangement of the tubes (6) and the displacement tubes (9) within the segment (1) can be seen in FIG. In the present case, 19 annular gap tubes are shown as an example.

Auch der Wärmetauscher gemäß Figur 3 besteht aus dem großen Segment (1), den kleinen Segmenten (2), den Hauben (3), den im Segment (1) eingeschweißten Böden (4) und (5) mit den Rohren (6) und den Stutzen (7) und (8). Stutzen (7) dient dem Dampfeintritt, Stutzen (8) dem Kondensatabgang. Die in dem Boden (1O),der mittels der Flansche (12) zwischen den Segmenten (2) gehalten wird, eingeschweißten Verdrängerrohre .(9) sind von unterschiedlicher Länge und an dem, dem Boden (10) entgegengesetzten Ende verschlossen. Heizdampf tritt durch den Stutzen (14) in den Wärmetauscher ein, strömt in den Verdrängerrohren (9) hoch und kondensiert dort, während das Kondensat durch den Stutzen (16) abfließt. Das zu erwärmende Produkt fließt durch den Stutzen (13) zu, durch den Ringspalt zwischen den Rohren (6) und (9) und durch den Stutzen (15) wieder ab.The heat exchanger according to FIG. 3 also consists of the large segment (1), the small segments (2), the hoods (3), the bottoms (4) and (5) welded into the segment (1) with the tubes (6) and the nozzle (7) and (8). Connecting piece (7) is used for steam inlet, connection piece (8) ondensatabgang the K. The displacement tubes (9) welded into the base (10), which is held between the segments (2) by means of the flanges (12), are of different lengths and are closed at the end opposite the base (10). Heating steam enters the heat exchanger through the connector (14), flows up into the displacement pipes (9) and condenses there, while the condensate flows out through the connector (16). The product to be heated flows through the nozzle (13), through the annular gap between the tubes (6) and (9) and through the nozzle (15) again.

Ein Wärmetauscher, mit welchem besonders-klare Strömungsverhältnisse bei festeingeschweißten Rohren erreicht werden können, ist in Figur 4 abgebildet. Er besteht aus den Segmenten (1) und (2) mit den Hauben (3). Das Segment (1) enthält fest eingebaut in die Böden (4) und (5) die Rohre (6), weiterhin enthält dieses Segment den Stutzen (7) für den Dampfeintritt und den Stutzen (8) für den Kondensatabfluß. Die Verdrängerrohre (9) sind ungleich lang und im Boden (10) eingeschweißt, welcher sich zwischen den beiden Segmenten (2) unterhalb des Segmentes (1) befindet. In den einseitig geschlossenen Verdrängerrohren (9) sind Innenrohre (17) mit Abstandhaltern (17a) angeordnet, die im ebenen Boden (18) eingeschweißt sind. Dieser Boden wird von der unteren Haube (3) mittels der Flansche (12) gehalten. Das zu erwärmende Produkt tritt durch den Stutzen (13) in den Wärmetauscher ein durchströmt den Ringspalt zwischen den Außenrohren (6) und den Verdrängungsrohren (9) und verläßt den Apparat durch den Stutzen (15). Weiterer Dampf tritt durch den Stutzen (16) ein, strömt in den Innenrohren (17) hoch und in dem Ringspalt zwischen den Innenrohren (17) und den Verdrängungsrohren (9) unter Kondensation zurück und tritt durch den Stutzen (19) wieder aus.A heat exchanger, with which particularly clear flow conditions can be achieved with permanently welded pipes, is shown in FIG. 4. It consists of the segments (1) and (2) with the hoods (3). The segment (1) contains the pipes (6) permanently installed in the bottoms (4) and (5), this segment also contains the nozzle (7) for the steam inlet and the nozzle (8) for the condensate drain. The displacement tubes (9) are of unequal length and are welded into the base (10), which is located between the two segments (2) below the segment (1). Inside the displacement tubes (9), which are closed on one side, there are inner tubes (17) with spacers (17a) which are welded into the flat bottom (18). This bottom is by means of the lower hood (3) the flanges (12) held. The product to be heated enters the heat exchanger through the connector (13) and flows through the annular gap between the outer tubes (6) and the displacement tubes (9) and leaves the apparatus through the connector (15). Further steam enters through the nozzle (16), flows up in the inner tubes (17) and back in the annular gap between the inner tubes (17) and the displacement tubes (9) with condensation and emerges again through the nozzle (19).

Aus Figur 5 geht die Anordnung der Rohre (6), der Verdrängerrohre (9) und der Innenrohre (17) im Segment (1) hervor.5 shows the arrangement of the tubes (6), the displacement tubes (9) and the inner tubes (17) in the segment (1).

Wie schon dargelegt wurde, wird beim.erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher der Dampf an zwei Stellen eingebracht. Ein Teil des Dampfes umströmt im großen Segment die festeingebauten Rohre und kondensiert an ihnen. Der andere Teil des Dampfes strömt durch die Verdrängerrohre, um dort zu kondensieren. Diese Art der Dampfführung bewirkt, daß der Produktstrom im Ringspalt zwischen den festen Rohren im großen Segment und den Verdrängerrohren von zwei Seiten Kondensationswärme aufnimmt. Die Verdrängerrohre bewirken, daß gleiche Wärmedurchgangszahlen wie beim Normalrohr (Leerrohr) bei niedrigeren Produktmengen erreicht werden. Durch die Verdrängerrohre wird eine wesentlich höhere Wärmeübertragungsfläche erreicht, die vom Verhältnis der Durchmesser von Außenrohr (6) und Verdrängerrohr (9) zueinander abhängt. Durch Einbauten (9a) im Ringspalt zwischen den Rohren (6) und (9) können besondere Strömungsformen erreicht werden (z.B. Tangentialströmung, turbulente Strömung etc.).As has already been explained, the steam is introduced into the heat exchanger according to the invention in two places. Part of the steam flows around the large installed pipes and condenses on them. The other part of the steam flows through the displacement pipes in order to condense there. This type of steam routing causes the product flow in the annular gap between the fixed tubes in the large segment and the displacement tubes to absorb condensation heat from two sides. The displacement pipes ensure that the same heat transfer coefficients as for normal pipes (empty pipes) are achieved with lower product quantities. The displacement tubes achieve a significantly higher heat transfer area, which depends on the ratio of the diameter of the outer tube (6) and the displacement tube (9) to one another. Special flow forms (e.g. tangential flow, turbulent flow etc.) can be achieved by means of installations (9a) in the annular gap between the pipes (6) and (9).

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher kann als Verdampfer/Kondensator in senkrechter bzw. schräger Lage betrieben werden. Bei Wärmeaustausch ohne Phasenwechsel ist die Lage beliebig.The heat exchanger according to the invention can be operated as an evaporator / condenser in a vertical or inclined position. The position is arbitrary for heat exchange without phase change.

Beispielexample

In einem Tauscher gemäß Figur 4 mit den Daten

Figure imgb0001
wird mittels Niederdruckdampf (0,5 bar abs. bis 1,5 bar abs.) ein Gemisch aus Wasser und Dimethylformamid (25/75 Gew.-%) verdampft. Dabei umströmt der Dampf einmal die Außenrohre (6) nur von außen und kondensiert dort. Dabei wird durch die Verdrängerrohre (9) keine Wärme übertragen. Das andere Mal strömt der Dampf zusätzlich über die Innenrohre (17) und überträgt seine Kondensationswärme auch über die Verdrängerrohre (9). Die erreichten Wärmedurchgangszahlen sind in beiden Fällen nahezu gleich und liegen bei ca. 1200 bis 3000 Kcal/m2h°C. Wegen der im zweiten Falle um ca. 50 % größeren Wärmeübertragungsfläche kann die übertragene Wärmemenge im gleichen Umfang gesteigert werden.In an exchanger according to Figure 4 with the data
Figure imgb0001
 a mixture of water and dimethylformamide (25/75% by weight) is evaporated using low-pressure steam (0.5 bar abs. to 1.5 bar abs.). The steam only flows around the outer tubes (6) from the outside and condenses there. No heat is transferred through the displacement tubes (9). The other time, the steam additionally flows through the inner tubes (17) and also transfers its heat of condensation through the displacement tubes (9). The thermal transmittance values achieved are almost the same in both cases and are around 1200 to 3000 Kcal / m 2 h ° C. Because of the heat transfer area which is about 50% larger in the second case, the amount of heat transferred can be increased to the same extent.

Claims (2)

1. Ringspalt-Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher bestehend aus zwei Kesselhauben, einem zylindrischen Teil mit ebenen Böden und diese Böden miteinander verbindenden Wärmeaustauschrohren und darin befindlichen Verdrängerkörpern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmetauscher in seinem zylindrischen Teil aus einem großen Segment und mindestens einem kleinen Segment besteht/wobei die Verdrängerkörper Rohre sind und in einem ebenen Boden befestigt sind, der sich im Abstand entsprechend der Höhe eines kleinen Segments vom nächstliegenden Boden des großen Wärmetauscher-Segmentes befindet.1. Annular gap tube bundle heat exchanger consisting of two boiler covers, a cylindrical part with flat floors and heat exchange tubes connecting these floors and displacers located therein, characterized in that the heat exchanger consists in its cylindrical part of a large segment and at least one small segment / the displacer bodies being tubes and fastened in a flat base which is at a distance corresponding to the height of a small segment from the closest base of the large heat exchanger segment. 2. Ringspalt-Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich in den Verdrängerrohren zusätzlich Innenrohre befinden, die in einem ebenen Boden befestigt sind, welcher durch ein Wärmetauscher-Segment von dem die Verdrängerrohre tragenden Boden getrennt ist.2. Annular gap tube bundle heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that there are additional inner tubes in the displacer tubes, which are fastened in a flat bottom, which is separated by a heat exchanger segment from the base carrying the displacer tubes.
EP80107819A 1979-12-21 1980-12-11 Annular space tube bundle heat exchanger Ceased EP0031919A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2951549 1979-12-21
DE19792951549 DE2951549A1 (en) 1979-12-21 1979-12-21 RING GAP TUBE BUNCH HEAT EXCHANGER

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0107066A1 (en) * 1982-10-18 1984-05-02 Anton Steinecker Maschinenfabrik GmbH Tube-in-tube heat exchanger
EP0348299A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-27 Innovations Thermiques Heat exchanger
FR2641067A1 (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-29 Didier Werke Ag
RU2146001C1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-02-27 Нефтегазодобывающее управление "Альметьевнефть" Mobile heat exchanger to heat technological fluid on well
WO2003073031A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-09-04 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Heat exchanger arrangement and a method used in a heat exchanger
EP1189007A3 (en) * 2000-09-19 2005-02-09 Piero Pasqualini Heat exchanger
CN101446474B (en) * 2008-12-25 2010-04-07 化学工业第二设计院宁波工程有限公司 Casing combined type anti-clogging raw oil heat exchanger
CN104930883A (en) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-23 李铭珏 Efficient heat exchanger
BE1022816B1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2016-09-13 Smo Bvba Heat exchanger and method for generating steam
CN109029023A (en) * 2017-06-08 2018-12-18 深圳市龙澄高科技环保（集团）有限公司 A kind of more casing fast assembling-disassembling heat exchangers of novel set

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JPS59173688A (en) * 1983-03-18 1984-10-01 ザ・ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニ− Heat exchanger and method of operating said exchanger
JPS60196499A (en) * 1984-03-21 1985-10-04 Shinmikuni Kikai Seisakusho:Kk Carburettor for liquefied petroleum gas
DE3618295A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Wilfried Dipl Ing Buttchereit Heat exchanger
FI88203C (en) * 1989-04-26 1993-04-13 Kalervo Paeivioe Maekinen Device for transferring heat
DE4228923C2 (en) * 1992-08-30 1994-07-14 Sladky Hans Device for cooling liquids
DE29716465U1 (en) * 1997-09-16 1998-02-26 Gehring, Wolfgang, 97725 Elfershausen Double tube multi-circuit cooler for distilleries (countercurrent or cocurrent) e.g. (1 media circuit) (2 cooling circuits)
DE10030627A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-01-17 Ultrafilter Internat Ag Heat exchangers for refrigeration dryer systems
DE202005017583U1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-03-22 Dietz, Erwin Hot water boiler surrenders heat from hot water to cold water via two coaxial interfaces

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB260066A (en) * 1925-08-12 1926-10-28 Emilio Storoni Heat exchange apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB260066A (en) * 1925-08-12 1926-10-28 Emilio Storoni Heat exchange apparatus

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0107066A1 (en) * 1982-10-18 1984-05-02 Anton Steinecker Maschinenfabrik GmbH Tube-in-tube heat exchanger
EP0348299A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-27 Innovations Thermiques Heat exchanger
FR2633378A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-29 Innovations Thermiques TWO-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
FR2641067A1 (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-29 Didier Werke Ag
RU2146001C1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-02-27 Нефтегазодобывающее управление "Альметьевнефть" Mobile heat exchanger to heat technological fluid on well
EP1189007A3 (en) * 2000-09-19 2005-02-09 Piero Pasqualini Heat exchanger
WO2003073031A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-09-04 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Heat exchanger arrangement and a method used in a heat exchanger
CN101446474B (en) * 2008-12-25 2010-04-07 化学工业第二设计院宁波工程有限公司 Casing combined type anti-clogging raw oil heat exchanger
CN104930883A (en) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-23 李铭珏 Efficient heat exchanger
BE1022816B1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2016-09-13 Smo Bvba Heat exchanger and method for generating steam
CN109029023A (en) * 2017-06-08 2018-12-18 深圳市龙澄高科技环保（集团）有限公司 A kind of more casing fast assembling-disassembling heat exchangers of novel set

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DE2951549A1 (en) 1981-07-02

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