EP0029229A1 - Construction unit constituting the edge of a cornered hollow body, e.g. a sea-load container - Google Patents

Abstract

Angle element of an angular hollow body, for example a ship container forming a construction assembly. A steel angle-bar (10) arranged at the angle and a construction element (28) parallel thereto support the angle elements of light material plates (20, 22) by means of parallel flanges. A support element of plastic material (28), reinforced by traction resistant ropes, is firmly connected to the angle bar (10). The support element may have different shapes. The rigid connection with the angle bar results substantially in a total resistance exceeding the proper resistance caused by the angle-bar and the support element.

Description

The invention relates to an assembly which has an edge of a square hollow body, e.g. forms an ocean freight container and is formed by a steel angle iron arranged at the corner and a component running parallel to it, which hold the edges of lightweight building boards by means of parallel flanges.

In a known assembly of this type, the lightweight walls made of plywood are fastened with their outer surfaces directly to the flanges of the angle iron made of steel by means of screw bolts. The angle iron can be stiffened in that its flanges are provided with longitudinal beads or in that it has a hollow cross-sectional profile.

This stiffening of the angle iron increases its weight considerably.

With regard to the prior art, reference is also made to the German patents 2oo 772 and 586 832, from which it is already known to provide a rail-shaped component in parallel with a corner connection for containers in addition to an angle iron arranged at the corner, which is connected to the angle iron is connected by screws and pinches the edges of the walls of the container together with the angle iron between flanges.

US Pat. No. 3,261,493 shows an arrangement in which receptacle profiles with a U-shape and a 45 ° angle are provided on the edges of the container walls. Two such holding profiles can thus be complementary to an angle of ₀ ° and 9 are to be held together by means of an opening provided at the corner closure bar.

All prior art assemblies for the edges. Angular hollow bodies have so far had to have a very high weight to achieve high strengths, especially since very heavy loads occur in particular in rough sea freight operations and the like.

The invention has for its object to design the assembly so that it is much lighter with the same strength, or can achieve higher strength with reduced weight. In particular, the proportion of the corner assembly weight of an angular hollow body, in particular an ocean freight container, to the total weight is to be reduced, so that the usable filling weight can be increased and the full filling volume of the hollow body or container can be used.

According to the characterizing part of claim 1, this object is achieved in that an edge of an angular hollow body, for example an ocean freight container, forming assembly, in which a corner iron arranged at the corner and a component running parallel thereto, the edges of lightweight boards by means of the edges parallel flanges hold, is characterized in that the angle iron by an enhanced tensile strength fibers ^- is connected rigidly adjacent the inside reinforcement element made of plastic.

The rigid connection of the angle iron with the reinforcing element made of plastic, which rests against it on the inside and is reinforced by tensile fibers, results in an unexpectedly high combined strength with a comparatively low weight, which is superior to the known corner connections. The reinforcement of the plastic stiffening element by means of tensile fibers and the rigid connection with the angle iron is of particular importance. 'For this reason, the angle iron in particular can be made much weaker and lighter than was previously possible.

The stiffening element can be constructed as a uniform lightweight profile carrier, or it can also be composed of several parts (with an intermediate piece between angle iron and lightweight profile carrier).

Within the framework of the basic idea of the invention, a whole series of configurations are possible, all of which make use of the combined strength effect of the angle iron and the plastic stiffening element reinforced with tensile fibers.

Parts of the assembly can also be formed by U-shaped profiles and also made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which in turn are assembled with the edges of the lightweight walls. This option is also characterized in the subclaims in various implementation options.

• Fig. 1 eine bekannte Baugruppe dieser Art,
• Fig. 2 eine Baugruppe nach der Erfindung, bei der die Leichtbauwände mit ihren Außenflächen an den Innenflächen der Flansche des Winkeleisens und mit ihren Innenflächen an den Flanschen des Leichtbauprofilträgers befestigt sind,
• Fig. 3 eine Baugruppe, bei der jede Leichtbauplatte mit ihrer Außenfläche und mit ihrer Innenfläche an Flanschen des Leichtbauprofilträgers anliegt,
• Fig. 4 eine Baugruppe, die sich von der in Fig. 3 dargestellten dadurch unterscheidet, daß der Leichtbauprofilträger ein hohles Querschnittprofil hat,
• Fig. 5 eine Baugruppe, die sich von der gemäß Fig. 4 durch Abschrägung der Kante des Winkeleisens unterscheidet,
• Fig. 6 eine Baugruppe, die sich von derjenigen der Fig. 4 durch Abrundung der Kante unterscheidet,
• Fig. 7 eine Baugruppe, die sich von derjenigen der Fig. 2 durch ein innen am Winkeleisen anliegendes Zwischenstück unterscheidet, das den Leichtbauprofilträger im Abstand vom Winkeleisen hält,
• Fig. 8 eine Baugruppe, die sich von derjenigen der Fig. 6 durch das Querschnittsprofil des Leichtbauprofilträgers unterscheidet,
• _Fig. 9 eine der Fig. 7 ähnliche Baugruppe mit hohlem Leichtbauprofilträger,
• Fig. 1o eine Baugruppe, ähnlich derjenigen der Fig. 2, jedoch mit einem hohlen Leichtbauprofilträger,
• Fig. 11 eine Baugruppe, die derjenigen der Fig. 1₀ ähnelt, jedoch Sicken im Winkeleisen aufweist,
• Fig. 12 ein Baumuster mit hohlem Winkeleisen, das für jede Leichtbauwand zwei Flansche hat,
• Fig. 12a einen Querschnitt durch eine Baugruppe mit an den Rändern der Leichtbauwände als Bestandteil des Versteifungselementes angeordneten U-förmig profilierten Leisten und einem winkelförmig profilierten Stab,
• Fig. 13 einen Querschnitt durch eine Baugruppe, bei welcher der winkelförmig profilierte Stab mit zusätzlichen Flanschen versehen ist,
• Fig. 14 einen Querschnitt durch eine Baugruppe, die einen durch Wände eines zweiten Stabes ausgekleideten Hohlraum enthält,
• Fig. 15 einen Querschnitt durch eine Baugruppe, bei der die Flansche des winkelförmig profilierten Stabes durch Verdickungen versteift sind.

The drawings show various exemplary embodiments of assemblies which form an edge of an angular hollow body, for example an ocean freight container. In detail show:

• 1 is a known assembly of this type,
• 2 shows an assembly according to the invention, in which the lightweight walls are fastened with their outer surfaces to the inner surfaces of the flanges of the angle iron and with their inner surfaces to the flanges of the lightweight profile carrier,
• 3 shows an assembly in which each lightweight panel rests with its outer surface and with its inner surface on flanges of the lightweight profile carrier,
• 4 shows an assembly which differs from that shown in FIG. 3 in that the lightweight profile carrier has a hollow cross-sectional profile,
• 5 is an assembly that differs from that of FIG. 4 by chamfering the edge of the angle iron,
• 6 is an assembly that differs from that of FIG. 4 by rounding the edge,
• 7 shows an assembly which differs from that of FIG. 2 by an intermediate piece which bears against the inside of the angle iron and which holds the lightweight profile carrier at a distance from the angle iron,
• 8 is an assembly that differs from that of FIG. 6 by the cross-sectional profile of the lightweight profile carrier,
• _F ig. 9 is an assembly similar to FIG. 7 with a hollow lightweight profile carrier,
• 1o an assembly similar to that of FIG. 2, but with a hollow lightweight profile carrier,
• Fig. 11 is an assembly similar to that of FIG. 1 ₀ similar to, but has corrugations at an angle iron,
• 12 is a model with a hollow angle iron, which has two flanges for each lightweight wall,
• 12a shows a cross section through an assembly with U-shaped profiled strips arranged on the edges of the lightweight walls as part of the stiffening element and an angularly profiled rod,
• 13 shows a cross section through an assembly in which the angularly profiled rod is provided with additional flanges,
• 14 is a cross section through an assembly containing a cavity lined by walls of a second rod.
• Fig. 15 shows a cross section through an assembly in which the flanges of the angularly profiled rod are stiffened by thickening.

In known ocean freight containers, for example, the assembly shown in FIG. 1 is used for the edges, which is formed by an angle iron 10o made of steel and lightweight walls 12 and 14, which is fastened to the flanges 16 and 17 of the angle iron by means of bolts. These flanges are stiffened by longitudinal beads to increase their flexural strength heights. The lightweight walls 12 and 14 can be plywood panels that are coated on both sides with plastic or sheet metal. In this embodiment, the required bending strength of the assembly can only be achieved by a relatively large wall thickness and a correspondingly high weight of the angle iron.

The plywood walls 12, 14 also contribute significantly to the weight of the container. The result is that a container with a volume of 4o m ³ weighs about 2 t. Since the permissible weight of the loaded container is limited, its volume cannot be fully used if the loaded goods are heavy bulk goods.

Fig. 2 now shows an embodiment of the assembly in which the weight of the angle iron 10 can be significantly reduced. The inner walls of the lightweight walls 20 and 22 are in contact with flanges 24, 26 of a lightweight profile carrier 28 which extends along the inside of the angle iron 10 and is rigidly connected to it. This lightweight profile carrier 28 rests on the inside of the angle iron 10. This is provided with surfaces 3o and 32 which extend parallel to the plane 34 which bisects the angle of the angle iron 10. The lightweight profile carrier has the shape of a bar provided with the flanges 24 and 26, which is slidably guided between the surfaces 3o and 32 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the angle iron and the lightweight profile carrier.

In the plane 34 extend through the angle iron 10 and through the lightweight profile support 28 through bolts which serve to rigidly fasten the elements 1o and 28 to one another. The lightweight construction is placed over the known assembly of FIG. 1 walls 2o and 22 to the flanges 16 and 17 of the angle iron 10 under the force exerted by the bolts. In addition, each lightweight panel 20 or 22 can be penetrated by bolts which connect the two flanges 16 and 24 or 17 and 26. Thanks to this rigid attachment of the lightweight panels 20 and 22 both with the angle iron 10 and with the lightweight profile support 28, the two lightweight walls contribute significantly to the bending strength of the assembly.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the lightweight profile carrier 328 has, in addition to the two flanges 324 and 326, flanges 336 and 338 which run parallel to these and which abut against the flanges 316 and 317 of the angle iron 310. 2 differs from that of FIG. 3 in that the two lightweight walls 32o and 322 do not rest with their outer surfaces on the angle iron, but on the flanges of the lightweight profile carrier 328. The individual parts are rigidly connected to one another by means of bolts, just as has been described with reference to FIG. 2.

The assembly shown in FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG. 3 mainly in that the lightweight profile carrier 428 is hollow. The outer edges of the two flanges 424 and 426 are also connected to one another by a web 44o. Incidentally, those parts which correspond to the assembly of FIG. 3 are provided with reference numbers increased by a hundred, so that these parts need not be described in particular. In addition to the bolts located in plane 434, further bolts are provided in a plane 442 running transversely thereto. The lightweight walls are omitted in Fig.4. One reaches between the flanges 424 and 436 and the other extends between flanges 426 and 438.

The assembly shown in FIG. 5 essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 2; however, the lightweight structural support 528 is hollow and the guide surfaces 30 and 32 on the angle iron 510 are missing. In this case too, the reference numbers correspond to those of FIG. 2, but are increased by five hundred. There is a washer 544 under the nuts of the bolts arranged in level 534, which is adapted to the outer profile of the lightweight profile carrier 528.

The subassembly shown in FIG. 6 differs from that of FIG. 5 mainly in that the corner of the angle iron and the side of the light-weight profile carrier which is in contact with it are rounded. Here too, reference numerals are used which differ from that of FIG. 5 in that they are increased by one hundred.

In the exemplary embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 7, the lightweight profile carrier 728 is held at a distance from the angle iron 710 by an intermediate piece 746 lying against the inside of the angle iron 71o and is rigidly connected to this and the intermediate piece 746 by the screw bolts arranged in the plane 734. The lightweight walls (not shown) rest with their outer surfaces on flanges of the intermediate piece 746, which has a hollow profile. In this exemplary embodiment, the lightweight profile carrier 728 is designed as an angle piece, the apex of which lies in a bead of the intermediate piece 746.

The embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 8 essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 6. While there, however, the opposing ones Walls of the hollow lightweight profile carrier 628 run parallel to the bisecting plane 634, they extend at right angles to the flanges 816, 824 and 817, 826 in the assembly of FIG. 8, so that they can lie snugly against the end faces of the lightweight walls.

The embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 9 largely corresponds to that of FIG. 7; however, the lightweight profile bracket 928 is hollow and its corner is rounded.

The embodiment of the assembly illustrated in FIG. 1o essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 2; however, the lightweight profile support lo28 is hollow and the corner of the angle iron 1010 is rounded. The flanges 1016 and 1017 also adjoin the inner edges of the guide surfaces 1030 and 1032. The embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 11 differs from that of FIG. 10 mainly in that the angle iron 1110 has a different profile. Because its flanges are provided with beads 1118, according to which the angle iron creates contact surfaces 1148 for the end faces of the lightweight building boards, which extend at right angles to the flanges.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, a double-walled angle iron 1210 is used, the walls of which are connected by intermediate walls 125o which are transverse to them and enclose a cavity with these. A hollow lightweight profile carrier 1228 is located in this cavity. It can be connected to the angle iron 1210 by means of screw bolts which pass through the angle iron in the planes 1234 and 1252.

In all the described embodiments, the lightweight profile carrier is made of plastic and is reinforced by tensile fibers, such as carbon fibers, glass fibers or the like. The lightweight walls consist of two outer skins, an intermediate body made of solid foam and tensile fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers or the like to reinforce the lightweight wall. These walls have a wall thickness which is sufficient for thermal insulation, in particular if very low temperatures are to be maintained inside the body enclosed by the walls.

7 and 9, the intermediate piece preferably consist of a polyester or epoxy plastic of high strength, which is reinforced by tensile fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers or fibers known under the trade name "Kevlar". Thanks to the stiffening of the angle iron by the lightweight profile carrier or the intermediate piece, the wall thickness of the angle iron generally does not need to exceed three millimeters if the length of the assembly is a few meters. This results in a very low weight. In the embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 4-12, the cavities of the lightweight profile carrier and of the intermediate piece can be filled with a solid foam.

• (a) aus einem mit Flanschen 1210a versehenen Winkeleisen, das sich über die ganze Kantenlänge des Containers erstrecken kann und an der Kante bei 1212a abgeschrägt ist
• (b) aus Leichtbauwänden 1214a, die an den Flanschen 1210a befestigt, z.B. angeklebt sind, und
• (c) aus einem das Winkeleisen 1210a, 1212a verstärkenden Leichtbauprofilträger in Gestalt eines winkelförmig profilierten Stabes 1216a, aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff, der sich innen längs des Winkeleisens 1210a, 1212a parallel zu ihm erstreckt und mit seinen Flanschen innen an den Leichtbauwänden 1214a haftend befestigt, z.B. angeklebt ist.

The assembly, the cross section of which is shown in FIG. 12a, forms an edge of an ocean freight container. she consists

• (a) from a flanged 1210a angle iron that can extend the full length of the container and is chamfered at 1212a
• (b) made of lightweight walls 1214a, which are attached to the flanges 1210a, for example glued, and
• (c) from a lightweight profile support reinforcing the angle iron 1210a, 1212a in the form of an angularly profiled rod 1216a, made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which extends along the inside of the angle iron 1210a, 1212a parallel to it and with its flanges internally attached to the lightweight walls 1214a, for example is glued.

Such an assembly is illustrated in FIG. 7, for example.

The further design of this assembly now consists in that the lightweight walls 1214a are provided at their edges with U-shaped profiles 1218a, which extend along the inside of the flanges 1210a of the angle iron, are rigidly connected to it and form parts of the lightweight profile support, that is, likewise consist of fiber-reinforced plastic.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 12a, the legs 1220a of the U-shaped strips 1218a are directed away from the edge 1212a of the hollow beam.

In another embodiment of the invention, which can also be seen in FIG. 12a, the legs 1222a of a U-shaped bar 1224a face the edge 1212a of the hollow body. The two flanges 1222a, like the flanges 1220a, are also adhesive on the one hand to the flanges 1210a of the angle iron and on the other hand to the legs of the angularly profiled rod 1216a, e.g. by gluing, connected. While at the in

12a, the two U-shaped strips 1218a and 1224a are arranged between each flange 1210a of the angle iron and the rod 1216a, either the strip 1218a or the strip 1224a can be omitted.

As shown in Fig. 12a, the angularly profiled bar 1216a, the angular iron 1210a, 1212a spaced therefrom and the edge surfaces of the lightweight walls which are equipped with the U-shaped profiled strips 1218a or 1224a or both surround a cavity 1226a. This cavity is covered by the walls of the two strips 1224a, which can optionally be made in one piece. This lining thus forms part of the lightweight profile carrier, which consists of the elements 1216a, 1218a and 1224a and very significantly reinforces the angle iron-1212a, as a result of which the assembly is given a high resistance to bending and buckling.

The lightweight walls 1214a can consist of two parallel light metal sheets, the space between which is filled with a foam and which can be connected to one another by holders which are distributed over the surface of the lightweight walls and extend through the filling of foam.

The embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 13 largely corresponds to that of FIG. 12a. This applies to the lightweight walls 1334 and to the strips 1338 with U-shaped profiles on their edges, which correspond to the strips 1318. The U-shaped profiles 1224a of FIG. 12a are, however, replaced by angular profiles 1344, each of which has only one flange 1342, which abuts the angle iron flange 1330. The other flange is thereby on the angularly profiled rod 1336 attached that it has two ribs 1345 and 1347 on the outside, which surround the wall of the strip 1344 and are adhesively attached to it.

In this embodiment, too, the cavity 1346 is created. Like the cavity 1226a, this can be filled with foam. The edge of the angularly profiled rod 1336 is chamfered in this case.

The embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 14 differs from that of FIG. 13 mainly in that the two strips 1454, which consist of fiber-reinforced plastic and are provided on the edges of the lightweight walls and correspond to the strips 1344, are connected to one another by a profile section 1455 , which is adhesively attached to the beveled edge of the bar 1456. In this case too, the cavity 1466 can be filled with foam.

The subassembly illustrated in FIG. 15 differs from that of FIG. 12a mainly in that the legs of the angularly profiled rod 1576 are stiffened by thickenings 1577. For the sake of simplicity, the lightweight walls and the angle iron are not shown in FIG. 15.

A particular advantage of the assemblies shown in FIGS. 12a-15 is that they can be assembled very easily and quickly.

From the above description it follows that I the basic idea of the invention, in a corner assembly of the type in question, the steel angle iron at the corner with a plastic reinforcement reinforced by tensile fibers letting the element work together can be realized in different ways. Above all, the stiffening element can take different forms and can also be constructed from different parts. The stiffening element can in particular also appear in the form of the described lightweight profile supports (for example 28, 728), intermediate pieces (for example 746), U-shaped profiled strips (for example 1218a) etc.

Claims (15)

1. An edge of a square hollow body, e.g. of an ocean freight container, assembly, in which a corner iron made of steel and a component running parallel thereto hold the edges of lightweight boards by means of flanges parallel to the edges, characterized in that the angle iron (10; 310; 410; 1110; 1212 etc.) a reinforcing element (28; 328; 428; 746; 946; 1216; 1218, 1224 etc.) made of plastic and rigidly bonded to the inside is rigidly connected. 2. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffening element is formed by a lightweight profile support (28etc.) Which in a manner known per se to the flanges (16, 17 etc.) of the angle iron parallel flanges (24,26 etc.) on which the lightweight walls (2o; 22; 320; 322 etc.) rest with their inner surfaces. 3. Module according to claim 2, characterized in that the lightweight walls bear with their outer surfaces on additional flanges (336; 436; 1220, 1222) of the lightweight profile carrier. 4. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that an intermediate piece (746; 946 etc.) provided between the angle iron and the lightweight profile support belongs to the stiffening element. 5. An assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the lightweight walls abut flanges (754) of the intermediate piece. 6. Assembly according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the connection of the stiffening element and lightweight profile carrier with the angle iron is carried out by bolts which are arranged in a plane bisecting the angle of the angle iron (34; 434; 636 etc.). 7. Module according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the lightweight profile carrier (928) or the intermediate piece (946) or both are hollow. 8. An assembly according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the angle iron and the lightweight profile support are provided with a mutual sliding guide surfaces (30, 32, 1030, 1032) which extend parallel to the plane (34) which bisected the angle of the angle iron, the sliding guide extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the angle iron and the lightweight profile carrier. 9. Assembly according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the lightweight walls consist of outer layers, from a reinforcement of these layers by tensile fibers and from a solid foam filling the space between the layers. 10. An assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the cavity is filled with a solid foam. 11. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lightweight walls (1214a, 1234a) attached to the assembly are profiled at their edges with a U-shape ten, made of fiber-reinforced plastic strips (1218a, 1224a, 1244a) are provided, which extend along the inside of the angle iron (1210a, 1212a), are rigidly connected to it and forms parts of the stiffening element. 12. An assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that the legs (1220a) of the U-shaped profile strip (1218a) are directed away from the edge of the hollow body. 13. An assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that the legs (1222a) of the U-shaped profile strip (1220a) face the edge of the hollow body. 14. An assembly according to any one of claims 11 - 13, characterized in that the lightweight profile carrier contains an angularly profiled rod made of fiber-reinforced plastic (1216a, 1336a, 1456a), which is spaced from the angle iron (1210a) by the strips (1218a, 1222a) , 1212a) is held. 15. An assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that the angularly profiled rod (1456), the angular iron (1210a, 1330a) arranged at a distance from it and the edge surfaces of the lightweight walls (1214a) surround a cavity (1226a, 1466a) through which the walls of a second angularly profiled rod (1454) is lined, which is also made of fiber-reinforced plastic.

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