EP0017019B1 - Transformer or inductance coil with a coil with tappings - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A transformer or inductor having a layered winding, with taps being provided in the one winding layer, especially the outermost layer, characterized in that the winding is wound with a number of turns per winding layer and a plurality of parallel mutually insulated conductors as a helical winding including cross-joints or twists, wherein each of said conductors is extended in each winding layer, and all winding portions (7, 7', 7", 7'") are provided with identical tapping configuration.

Description

The invention relates to a transformer or a choke with layer-by-layer winding, in which taps are provided in a winding layer, in particular the outermost one.

From DE-B-1 254 754 a step transformer is known, in which one embodiment has a fine step winding which consists of a plurality of solenoids or layers connected in series in the manner of a multi-start screw, of which only the outermost taps have taps. Such windings are used for high voltages and lower currents and are easy to tap. The forces that occur when a short circuit occurs are therefore still relatively easy to control.

Compared to the prior art, there is therefore the task of specifying a winding for transformers or chokes provided with taps, which has a high short-circuit strength without the use of a special fine-stage winding and which can nevertheless be provided with connections or taps in a simple manner. The design should be suitable for high currents.

The solution to this problem is made possible by transformers or chokes, in which the winding is wound with a number of turns per winding layer and several parallel conductors which are insulated from one another as a spiral winding with crossovers or twists, in which each conductor is guided in every winding position and all winding sections are provided with the same tap configuration.

The taps of the different winding sections are all provided in the same position in order to ensure the current distribution evenly over the parallel branches (wires) of the winding. Tapping in the external position has the advantage that the tapping points are easy to attach. A disadvantage, however, can be that the wires leading to the outside of the interruptions have to be fixed with special precautions or measures.

On the other hand, when the taps are attached in one of the inner layers, the loose winding ends are held by the winding layer (s) wound over it. Furthermore, due to u. a. can be better mastered by short-circuit forces. Since the non-current-carrying winding parts are distributed over the entire height of the winding when the turns are switched off, asymmetries in the flow are largely avoided.

FR-A-1 147 646 now shows an externally similar winding structure to that according to the subject of the application. A closer examination shows, however, that the winding shown is only a layer winding, which is carried out with parallel wires. A disadvantage of such windings is that a high short-circuit strength is difficult to produce. Because of the fundamental differences in construction, the known winding structure cannot be transferred to the subject of the application.

Furthermore, the German patent application A 10479 (published on November 26, 1953) shows a transformer with layer-by-layer high-voltage winding and with taps, in which the outer winding layer carrying the taps is formed by a plurality of department coils placed one against the other, with their end points and their tap points are connected in parallel with each other. In this transformer winding, too, there is no spiral winding, so that the solution according to the figure and the description of the design letter mentioned differs greatly from the subject of the application.

The transformers or chokes according to the subject of the application can be designed such that the winding sections are provided with four or more taps for connection to one or more changeover switches.

• Fig. 1A eine Wicklung für einen Transformator oder Drossel in schematischer Darstellung, bestehend aus m=4 parallelen, gegeneinander isolierten Drähten und n=32 Windungen pro Wicklungslage, bei denen die Anzapfungen in der äußersten Wicklungslage angebracht sind,
• Fig. 1' eine Wicklung in schematischer Darstellung, mit sechs Anzapfungen,
• Fig. 1B die Wicklung gemäß Fig. 1A in einer anderen Darstellungsart,
• Fig. 1C zeigt die Ansicht auf eine Abwicklung der äußersten Wicklungslage mit den Anschlußstellen,
• Fig. 2A/B eine Wicklung analog der gemäß den Fig. 1A/B, jedoch mit Anzapfungen in einer tieferliegenden Wicklungslage,
• Fig. 2C zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Wicklung gemäß Fig. 2A im Bereich der Anzapfungen,
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine Wicklung mitm=6und n=60,
• Fig.4A zeigt eine Variante der Wicklung als eine zyklische Wendelwicklung,
• Fig.4B zeigt einen Teil der Abwicklung der äußersten Wicklungslage einer Wicklung gemäß Fig. 4A.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained on the basis of the figures. This shows

• 1A shows a winding for a transformer or choke in a schematic representation, consisting of m = 4 parallel wires insulated from one another and n = 32 turns per winding layer, in which the taps are fitted in the outermost winding layer,
• 1 'a winding in a schematic representation, with six taps,
• 1B, the winding of FIG. 1A in a different representation,
• 1C shows the view of a development of the outermost winding layer with the connection points,
• 2A / B a winding analogous to that of FIGS. 1A / B, but with taps in a lower-lying winding position,
• 2C shows a section through the winding according to FIG. 2A in the region of the taps,
• 3 shows a winding with m = 6 and n = 60,
• 4A shows a variant of the winding as a cyclic spiral winding,
• 4B shows part of the development of the outermost winding layer of a winding according to FIG. 4A.

Windungen bestehenden Win- dungsabschnitte in einer Wicklungslage geteilt, und mit mehreren Anzapfungen versehen.In the exemplary embodiments, use is made of the helical winding known per se, in which m parallel wires with a number of turns of n are exchanged cyclically in the order m, the necessary outcrossings and twists being distributed regularly over the height. For the outcrossings, m-1 gaps of the appropriate width must be left blank. According to the invention, they are out

Turning existing winding sections in a winding layer, and provided with several taps.

Windungsabschnitte in der äußersten Wicklungslage sind geteilt und mit vier Anzapfungen 8-11 versehen, die, wie beispielsweise in Fig. 1A dargestellt, zum Anschluß an einen Umsteller 12 geeignet sind. Die eigentliche Technik zum Schalten und Verbinden der Anzapfanschlüsse ist an sich bekannt und beispielsweise dem Buch von Rudolf Küchler »Die Transformatoren«, 2. Auflage, Springer Verlag, Berlin, S. 205 ff zu entnehmen.The winding arrangement shown schematically in FIG. 1A represents an external spiral winding with four parallel wires. Such a winding is used, for example, for a nominal power of N = 2000 kVA and U = 6000 V. In general, the current strengths in the case of windings of this type are in the range greater than 200 A. The individual wires a, b, c, d form the four winding layers, the wires being guided as a spiral winding with crossovers 5.5 ', 5 ". In each winding layer winding sections are thus constructed which each have turns. The outer winding layer 6 also has four turn sections 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7'"

Winding sections in the outermost winding layer are divided and provided with four taps 8-11 which, as shown for example in FIG. 1A, are suitable for connection to a diverter 12. The actual technology for switching and connecting the tap connections is known per se and can be found, for example, in the book by Rudolf Küchler “Die Transformatoren”, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 205 ff.

In Fig. 1 B, the individual conductors are labeled a-b-c-d to illustrate the winding structure, each winding being labeled with the consecutive numbers 1 ... 32. It can be clearly seen that each conductor comes to lie in the outermost winding position and is tapped there with the taps 8-11. The outcrossings can be seen between turns 8-9 and 16-17.

1C serves to further clarify the structure. From the development of the outer winding layer according to FIG. 1C, the figure shows a view with the connection points for the taps 8-11, an interruption 14 and a cross-out point 16. The image continues downward for the further winding sections. It can be seen that the wire sections, which can be seen in the plan view, for the turns 1-8 are formed by the conductors d; the subsequent turns 9, 10 ... are formed by the conductors a.

The invention can also be implemented by means of taps which are not installed in the outermost, but in a lower-lying winding layer. FIG. 2A shows a helical winding with the wires a, b, c, d, in which the taps 8 ', 9', 10 ', 11' are not applied in the outermost layer, but in a lower layer. The winding configuration corresponds to that of FIG. 1A. A corresponding diverter can therefore also be used.

Correspondingly, it is provided in the illustration according to FIG. 2B that the taps are brought out from the inside of the winding. This type of winding has the advantage that the tap is supported by the winding layers above it.

Fig. 2C shows a sectional view along the line C ... C in Fig. 2B. Spacer strips 21, on which the winding layers a to d are applied, rest on the winding cylinder 20. In the area of the taps, spacers 22 are attached distributed over the periphery of the winding cylinder. These spacers allow the wires of the taps 9 ', 10' to be guided to the outside and not to be squeezed.

At this point it should be noted that instead of four taps, a different number of taps can be made, e.g. B. six, as shown in Fig. 1 '. By selecting the number of taps and their various connection options, the voltage values can be adjusted quasi-continuously.

In FIG. 3, in a continuation of the principle of the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1A-C, a winding with n = 60 turns per winding layer and m = parallel, mutually insulated wires for a winding arrangement is selected as an example.

The principle of the invention can be extended to all types of alternating windings. FIGS. 4A and B show a cyclic spiral winding in which parallel wires of one turn are interchanged both in the radial and in the axial orientation and change places at fixed intervals by means of twists.

There are a total of 64 turns per winding layer in the example, each of the eight wires being guided into the outer winding layer for approximately eight turns.

In total, the conductor bundle has eight wires (branches) a, b ... h, in the example shown the branch d, which is on the outside, is first connected to the taps 18, 19. The twisting points are also shown. In the next winding section, a corresponding tap configuration is connected to branches c. This structure continues over the entire winding. It should be noted that in this case too, the wires lying in a lower winding position can be provided with taps.

FIG. 4B shows part of a development of a cyclic spiral winding, with taps 18, 19 being recognizable. The twists and interruptions are also clearly shown.

In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, the tapping connections are all mounted in the same winding position, it being ensured that each of the wires is guided in each winding position.

Claims (2)

1. A transformer or inductor having a layered winding, with taps being provided in the one winding layer, especially the outermost layer, characterized in that the winding is wound with a number of turns per winding layer and a plurality of parallel mutually insulated conductors as a helical winding including cross-joints or twists, wherein each of said conductors is extended in each winding layer, and all winding portions (7, 7', 7", 7"') are provided with identical tapping configuration.

2. The transformer or inductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding portions are provided with four or more taps for connection to one or more alternators (12).

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