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EP0014655A1 - Process for the manufacture of grinding members of an iron alloy - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of grinding members of an iron alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014655A1
EP0014655A1 EP80400172A EP80400172A EP0014655A1 EP 0014655 A1 EP0014655 A1 EP 0014655A1 EP 80400172 A EP80400172 A EP 80400172A EP 80400172 A EP80400172 A EP 80400172A EP 0014655 A1 EP0014655 A1 EP 0014655A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
grinding bodies
solidification
ferrous alloy
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80400172A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0014655B1 (en
Inventor
Luc De Charentenay
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Acieries Thome Cromback SA
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Acieries Thome Cromback SA
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Priority to AT80400172T priority Critical patent/ATE4088T1/en
Publication of EP0014655A1 publication Critical patent/EP0014655A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0014655B1 publication Critical patent/EP0014655B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing grinding bodies made of ferrous alloy containing at least 1% by weight of carbon, with axial symmetry or with a substantially constant section.
  • the invention also relates to the new grinding bodies made of ferrous alloys prepared by this process.
  • cylindrical grinding bodies made of ferrous alloys. These are usually produced either by molding, from various ferrous compositions (carbon-manganese steels, cast iron with variable chromium content, etc.), or from a ferrous alloy, laminated and cut, with , in this case, a carbon content limited to 1% by weight.
  • a cylindrical grinding body if it is molded in sand, has a fairly coarse structure, due to the slow cooling associated with this technique. On the other hand, it forces a lot of metal to be melted, from 1.3 to 1.5 times more than the weight of the grinding bodies obtained. It has also been proposed to manufacture such bodies by shell molding; this solution gives a satisfactory structure, but its manufacturing process is discontinuous. In addition, it also forces a quantity of metal greater than the weight of the cylindrical bodies to be melted and it requires complex multiple tools and a protective coating.
  • the cylindrical grinding body is produced from continuously rolled profiles or bars, its percentage of carbon cannot exceed 1%, without requiring costly reheating precautions, limited reduction rate, rolling speed slow, etc ...
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing grinding bodies with high hardness, intended for use in a very abrasive medium and with high humidity, which can be manufactured by an inexpensive process.
  • the invention also aims to propose a method which makes it possible to produce such grinding bodies continuously, with very little loss of metal and with limited energy consumption.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing grinding bodies made of ferrous alloy containing at least 1% by weight of carbon, with axial symmetry or with constant section, characterized in that the shaping of said grinding bodies comprises exclusively a solidification operation in an open ingot mold of a profile resulting from a continuous casting of said alloy, followed by a division of said profile into pieces of desired length, this cutting to length being preceded or followed by a heat treatment suitable for give the metal an austenitic or martensitic structure.
  • the subject of the invention is also grinding bodies of ferrous alloy, with axial symmetry, or with constant section, having a fine structure with substantially constant radial crystallization over their entire length and consisting of an austenitic or martensitic solution comprising carbides of the type M 7 C 3 and / or M 3 C, obtained by implementing this process.
  • the Applicant has, in fact, established that, due to the rapid cooling inherent in the process for producing a profile or a bar of a ferrous alloy produced in a continuous casting installation, the metal has a fine structure with increasing grain from the external surface of the bar towards the central axis thereof, that is to say precisely the type of structure desirable for grinding bodies, in order to increase their resistance to abrasion.
  • the starting metal profile has by itself an axial symmetry and a constant section perpendicular to its axis, that is to say the type of profile suitable for grinding bodies, which avoids having to shape these.
  • the heat treatment intended to give the metal the desired austenitic or martensitic structure can be applied to the hot bar, rough solidification, prior to the division of the profile into pieces, without interrupting the continuous manufacturing process. We will return in more detail to the energy savings thus achieved, in the remainder of this description.
  • a preferred form of implementation of the method according to the invention therefore consists in applying the desired heat treatment to the metal profile emerging directly from the continuous solidification assembly of the metal.
  • the division of the profile into pieces of the desired length for the grinding bodies can be carried out by any means known in the art (cutting, breaking, cutting, cutting, etc.).
  • the grinding bodies obtained by the implementation of the method described above constitute another object of the invention.
  • These grinding bodies with axial symmetry or constant section (circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other), have a fine structure and are composed of a solid austenitic or martensitic solution containing secondary or primary or eutectic carbides of type M 7 C 3 or M 3 C.
  • said grinding bodies are cylindrical and contain, in% by weight, 1 to 4% of carbon, O to 40% of chromium, O to 2% of molybdenum, 0.1 2.5% silicon, 0.1-15% manganese, O 5% vanadium, O 5% copper and O 1% magnesium.
  • These grinding bodies can also contain elements such as tungsten (0 to 5%), nickel (O to 5%), boron (0 to 2%), niobium (O to 2%), tantalum, zirconium , cerium or bismuth.
  • These grinding bodies will have a length of the order of 0.5 to 3 times the average diameter of their section. In other words, the original bar will be cut into pieces of length between 0.5 and 3 times its diameter. It will be noted in this connection that the loss of metal during the manufacturing process is negligible, and of the order of less than 2% in practice, including fusion, which constitutes another notable advantage of the process according to the invention.
  • This example relates to the manufacture of cylindrical grinding bodies with an austenitic structure, by cooling with the aid of air blown from a hot bar, gross of manufacture.
  • This bar leaves the device for continuously solidifying the metal at a temperature of 1100 ° C. and is immediately cooled by passing through a series of rings and air-blowing boxes, which lower its temperature to about 100 to 200 ° C.
  • the bar is then cut into pieces at this temperature.
  • the micrographic structure of the resulting grinding bodies consists of an austenitic solid solution containing carbides of the M 7 C 3 type which, on the surface, have a very fine structure.
  • This example relates to the application of the method according to the invention to the manufacture of grinding bodies with martensitic structure, by partial cooling of a bar from continuous casting to a holding level at a temperature which makes the austenite unstable. , followed by quenching with blown air
  • Cylindrical grinding bodies are obtained, with a very fine structure at the surface, consisting of a solid martensitic solution comprising primary and secondary carbides of type M 7 C 3 .
  • This example relates, like the previous one, to the application of the process according to the invention to the production of cylindrical grinding bodies with martensitic structure, called “Cylpebs", but by quenching the bar with water or with an air mixture. -water of limited duration.
  • This bar exits at a temperature of 1100 ° C. from a continuous solidification installation and its temperature is lowered continuously to 300 ° C. using an air-water mist sprayed under pressure. The bar is then allowed to cool in calm air to 120 ° C. and the cutting into pieces is carried out at this temperature. The pieces are cooled down to room temperature at the cash desk.
  • the cylindrical grinding bodies obtained have a fine martensitic structure, from the surface to the core, strewn with M 3 C carbides.
  • the method of manufacturing grinding bodies according to the invention therefore has considerable advantages over the usual methods of the known technique.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method of manufacturing crushing bodies from a ferrous alloy containing at least 1 % by weight of carbon, with axial symmetry or constant section, this method comprising shaping of the crushing bodies and a thermal treatment, the shaping comprising a solidification operation in an open ingot mould of a shaped section coming from continuous casting of said alloy, followed by division of said shaped section into billets and the thermal treatment being adapted to confer on the metal an austenitic or martensitic structure, this method being characterized in that the operation for dividing the shaped section into billets constitutes the final shaping operation of the crushing bodies to the exclusion of any plastic deformation thereof, so as to preserve for said bodies the radial crystallization structure resulting directly from the continuous casting of the shaped section.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de corps broyants en alliage ferreux contenant au moins 1 % en poids de carbone, à symétrie axiale ou à section sensiblement constante. L'invention concerne également les nouveaux corps broyants en alliages ferreux préparés par ce procédé.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing grinding bodies made of ferrous alloy containing at least 1% by weight of carbon, with axial symmetry or with a substantially constant section. The invention also relates to the new grinding bodies made of ferrous alloys prepared by this process.

On utilise couramment dans l'industrie, en particulier dans l'industrie minière et pour le broyage du charbon, des corps broyants cylindriques en alliages ferreux. Ceux-ci sont habituellement réalisés soit par moulage, à partir de compositions ferreuses variées (aciers au carbone-manganèse, fontes à teneur en chrome variable, etc...), soit à partir d'un alliage ferreux, laminé et découpé, avec, dans ce cas, une teneur en carbone limitée à 1 % en poids.Commonly used in industry, in particular in the mining industry and for coal grinding, cylindrical grinding bodies made of ferrous alloys. These are usually produced either by molding, from various ferrous compositions (carbon-manganese steels, cast iron with variable chromium content, etc.), or from a ferrous alloy, laminated and cut, with , in this case, a carbon content limited to 1% by weight.

On sait cependant que, si l'on désire obtenir une bonne résistance à l'abrasion pour une composition déterminée, il est souhaitable que le corps broyant ait des couches externes à structure fine et, conjointement, aussi peu que possible de défauts internes.It is known, however, that, if it is desired to obtain good abrasion resistance for a given composition, it is desirable that the grinding body have external layers with a fine structure and, together, as few internal defects as possible.

Les corps broyants existants et les procédés de fabrication proposés dans la technique présentent cependant des inconvénients de ce point de vue.Existing shredders and manufacturing processes tion proposed in the art, however, have drawbacks from this point of view.

En effet, un corps broyant cylindrique, s'il est moulé en sable, a une structure assez grossière, du fait du refroidissement lent lié à cette technique. D'autre part, il oblige à fondre beaucoup de métal, de 1,3 à 1,5 fois plus que le poids des corps broyants obtenus. Il a été proposé, également, de fabriquer de tels corps par moulage en coquille ; cette solution donne une structure satisfaisante, mais son procédé de fabrication est discontinu. En outre, il oblige également à fondre une quantité de métal supérieure au poids des corps cylindriques et il nécessite un outillage multiple complexe et un poteyage de protection.Indeed, a cylindrical grinding body, if it is molded in sand, has a fairly coarse structure, due to the slow cooling associated with this technique. On the other hand, it forces a lot of metal to be melted, from 1.3 to 1.5 times more than the weight of the grinding bodies obtained. It has also been proposed to manufacture such bodies by shell molding; this solution gives a satisfactory structure, but its manufacturing process is discontinuous. In addition, it also forces a quantity of metal greater than the weight of the cylindrical bodies to be melted and it requires complex multiple tools and a protective coating.

D'autre part, si le corps broyant cylindrique est réalisé à partir de profilés ou barres laminés en continu, son pourcentage de carbone ne peut dépasser 1%, sans nécessiter des précautions coûteuses de réchauffage, de taux de réduction limité, de vitesse de laminage lente, etc...On the other hand, if the cylindrical grinding body is produced from continuously rolled profiles or bars, its percentage of carbon cannot exceed 1%, without requiring costly reheating precautions, limited reduction rate, rolling speed slow, etc ...

De ce fait, sa résistance à l'usure est limitée par insuffisance de carbone et de carbure.As a result, its wear resistance is limited by insufficient carbon and carbide.

L'invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients, en proposant des corps broyants à dureté élevée, destinés à une utilisation dans un milieu très abrasif et à humidité importante, qui puissent être fabriqués par un procédé peu coûteux.The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing grinding bodies with high hardness, intended for use in a very abrasive medium and with high humidity, which can be manufactured by an inexpensive process.

L'invention vise également à proposer un procédé qui permette de réaliser de tels corps broyants en continu, avec une très faible perte de métal et moyennant une consommation d'énergie limitée.The invention also aims to propose a method which makes it possible to produce such grinding bodies continuously, with very little loss of metal and with limited energy consumption.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication de corps broyants en alliage ferreux contenant au moins 1 % en poids de carbone, à symétrie axiale ou à section constante, caractérisé en ce que la mise en forme desdits corps broyants comprend exclusivement une opération de solidification en lingotière ouverte d'un profilé issu d'une coulée en continu dudit alliage, suivie d'une division dudit profilé en lopins de longueur désirée, cette mise à longueur étant précédée ou suivie d'un traitement thermique apte à conférer au métal une structure austénitique ou martensitique.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing grinding bodies made of ferrous alloy containing at least 1% by weight of carbon, with axial symmetry or with constant section, characterized in that the shaping of said grinding bodies comprises exclusively a solidification operation in an open ingot mold of a profile resulting from a continuous casting of said alloy, followed by a division of said profile into pieces of desired length, this cutting to length being preceded or followed by a heat treatment suitable for give the metal an austenitic or martensitic structure.

L'invention a également pour objet les corps broyants en alliage ferreux, à symétrie axiale, ou à section constante, ayant une structure fine à cristallisation radiale sensiblement constante sur toute leur longueur et constitués d'une solution austénitique ou martensitique comprenant des carbures de type M7C3 et/ou M3C,obtenus en mettant en oeuvre ce procédé.The subject of the invention is also grinding bodies of ferrous alloy, with axial symmetry, or with constant section, having a fine structure with substantially constant radial crystallization over their entire length and consisting of an austenitic or martensitic solution comprising carbides of the type M 7 C 3 and / or M 3 C, obtained by implementing this process.

La Demanderesse a, en effet, établi que, du fait du refroidissement rapide inhérent au procédé d'élaboration d'un profilé ou d'une barre d'un alliage ferreux fabriqué dans une installation de coulée en continu, le métal présente une structure fine à grain croissant de la surface externe de la barre vers l'axe central de celle-ci, c'est-à-dire précisément le type de structure souhaitable pour des corps broyants, en vue d'augmenter leur résistance à l'abrasion.The Applicant has, in fact, established that, due to the rapid cooling inherent in the process for producing a profile or a bar of a ferrous alloy produced in a continuous casting installation, the metal has a fine structure with increasing grain from the external surface of the bar towards the central axis thereof, that is to say precisely the type of structure desirable for grinding bodies, in order to increase their resistance to abrasion.

Par ailleurs, le profilé de métal de départ présente par lui-même une symétrie axiale et une section constante perpendiculairement à son axe, c'est-à-dire le type de profil convenant aux corps broyants, ce qui évite d'avoir à façonner ceux-ci.In addition, the starting metal profile has by itself an axial symmetry and a constant section perpendicular to its axis, that is to say the type of profile suitable for grinding bodies, which avoids having to shape these.

On notera que ce procédé ne fait pas appel aux techniques de forgeage, coûteuses et complexes,que l'on utilise pour l'élaboration de corps broyants destinés à une utilisation en milieu sec et peu abrasif,It will be noted that this process does not call on expensive and complex forging techniques, which are used for the preparation of grinding bodies intended for use in dry and low-abrasive medium,

On notera également que ce procédé permet de tirer profit du fait que le profilé ou la barre brute de fabrication est à une température élevée pour éviter la dépense d'énergie nécessitée par la mise en température des lopins préalablement à leur traitement thermique.It will also be noted that this process makes it possible to take advantage of the fact that the profile or the raw manufacturing bar is at a high temperature to avoid the energy expenditure required by the heating of the pieces prior to their heat treatment.

En effet, le traitement thermique destiné à conférer au métal la structure austénitique ou martensitique désirée peut être appliqué à la barre chaude, brute de solidification, préalablement à la division du profilé en lopins, sans interrompre le procédé de fabrication en continu. On reviendra plus en détail sur les économies d'énergie ainsi réalisées, dans la suite de la présente description.In fact, the heat treatment intended to give the metal the desired austenitic or martensitic structure can be applied to the hot bar, rough solidification, prior to the division of the profile into pieces, without interrupting the continuous manufacturing process. We will return in more detail to the energy savings thus achieved, in the remainder of this description.

Une forme préférée de mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention consiste donc à appliquer le traitement thermique désiré au profilé métallique sortant directement de l'ensemble de solidification en continu du métal.A preferred form of implementation of the method according to the invention therefore consists in applying the desired heat treatment to the metal profile emerging directly from the continuous solidification assembly of the metal.

La division du profilé en lopins de la longueur désirée pour les corps broyants peut s'effectuer par tout moyen connu dans la technique (coupe, casse, tronçonnage, atc..).The division of the profile into pieces of the desired length for the grinding bodies can be carried out by any means known in the art (cutting, breaking, cutting, cutting, etc.).

Les corps broyants obtenus par la mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit ci-dessus constituent un autre objet de l'invention. Ces corps broyants à symétrie axiale ou à section constante (circulaire, carrée, hexagonale, octogonale ou autre), ont une structure fine et sont composés d'une solution solide austénitique ou martensitique contenant des carbures secondaires ou primaires ou eutectiques du type M7C3 ou M3 C.The grinding bodies obtained by the implementation of the method described above constitute another object of the invention. These grinding bodies with axial symmetry or constant section (circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other), have a fine structure and are composed of a solid austenitic or martensitic solution containing secondary or primary or eutectic carbides of type M 7 C 3 or M 3 C.

Dans une forme de mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention, lesdits corps broyants sont cylindriques et contiennent, en % en poids, 1 à 4 %de carbone, O à 40 % de chrome, O à 2 % de molybdène, 0,1 à 2,5 % de silicium, 0,1 à 15 % de manganèse, O à 5 % de vanadium, O à 5 % de cuivre et O à 1 % de magnésium. Ces corps broyants peuvent également contenir des éléments comme le tungstène (O à 5 %), le nickel (O à 5 %), le bore (0 à 2 %), le niobium (O à 2 %), le tantale, le zirconium, le cérium ou le bismuth.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said grinding bodies are cylindrical and contain, in% by weight, 1 to 4% of carbon, O to 40% of chromium, O to 2% of molybdenum, 0.1 2.5% silicon, 0.1-15% manganese, O 5% vanadium, O 5% copper and O 1% magnesium. These grinding bodies can also contain elements such as tungsten (0 to 5%), nickel (O to 5%), boron (0 to 2%), niobium (O to 2%), tantalum, zirconium , cerium or bismuth.

Ces corps broyants auront une longueur de l'ordre de 0,5 à 3 fois le diamètre moyen de leur section. Autrement dit, la barre d'origine sera tronçonnée en lopins de longueur comprise entre 0,5 et 3 fois son diamètre. On notera à ce propos, que la perte de métal au cours du processus de fabrication est infime, et de l'ordre de moins de 2 % en pratique, fusion comprise, ce qui constitue un autre avantage notable du procédé selon l'invention.These grinding bodies will have a length of the order of 0.5 to 3 times the average diameter of their section. In other words, the original bar will be cut into pieces of length between 0.5 and 3 times its diameter. It will be noted in this connection that the loss of metal during the manufacturing process is negligible, and of the order of less than 2% in practice, including fusion, which constitutes another notable advantage of the process according to the invention.

Les exemples suivants, qui n'ont pas de caractère limitatif, illustrent diverses formes de mise en oeuvre en continu du procédé selon l'invention et divers types de traitement thermique permettant d'obtenir les structures désirées.The following examples, which are not limiting, illustrate various forms of continuous implementation of the method according to the invention and various types of heat treatment making it possible to obtain the desired structures.

EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1

Cet exemple concerne la fabrication de corps broyants cylindriques à structure austénitique, par refroidissement à l'aide d'air soufflé d'une barre chaude, brute de fabrication.This example relates to the manufacture of cylindrical grinding bodies with an austenitic structure, by cooling with the aid of air blown from a hot bar, gross of manufacture.

On part d'une barre cylindrique, ayant un diamètre de 80 mm, issue d'une installation de coulée continue et ayant la composition suivante, en % en poids :

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 We start from a cylindrical bar, having a diameter of 80 mm, from a continuous casting installation and having the following composition, in% by weight:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Cette barre sort du dispositif de solidification en continu du métal à une température de 1 100°C et est immédiatement refroidie par passage dans une série d'anneaux et de caissons de soufflage d'air, qui abaissent sa température jusqu'à environ lOO à 200°C.This bar leaves the device for continuously solidifying the metal at a temperature of 1100 ° C. and is immediately cooled by passing through a series of rings and air-blowing boxes, which lower its temperature to about 100 to 200 ° C.

On procède ensuite au tronçonnage de la barre en lopins à cette température.The bar is then cut into pieces at this temperature.

On constate que la structure micrographique des corps broyants résultants est constituée d'une solution solide austénitique contenant des carbures du type M7C3 qui, en surface, ont une structure très fine.It can be seen that the micrographic structure of the resulting grinding bodies consists of an austenitic solid solution containing carbides of the M 7 C 3 type which, on the surface, have a very fine structure.

EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2

Cet exemple concerne l'application du procédé conforme à l'invention à la fabrication de corps broyants à structure martensitique, par refroidissement partiel d'une barre issue de coulée continue jusqu'à un palier de maintien à une température qui rend l'austénite instable, suivi d'une trempe à l'air souffléoThis example relates to the application of the method according to the invention to the manufacture of grinding bodies with martensitic structure, by partial cooling of a bar from continuous casting to a holding level at a temperature which makes the austenite unstable. , followed by quenching with blown air

On part d'une barre issue de coulée continue identique à celle de l'Exemple 1, et on procède à un abaissement forcé de sa température de 1 100°C jusqu'à 970-990°C. On maintient la barre à cette dernière température pendant 15 à 30 minutes dans un tunnel calorifugé préchauffé, puis on la trempe à l'air soufflé jusqu'à une température comprise entre 100 et 200"C. On procède enfin au tronçonnage de la barre à cette température.We start from a bar from continuous casting identical to that of Example 1, and we proceed to a forced lowering of its temperature from 1100 ° C to 970-990 ° C. The bar is kept at this latter temperature for 15 to 30 minutes in a preheated insulated tunnel, then it is quenched in blown air to a temperature between 100 and 200 "C. Finally, the bar is cut to this temperature.

- 7 - On obtient des corps broyants cylindriques, à structure très fine en surface, constitués d'une solution solide martensitique comprenant des carbures primaires et secondaires de type M7C3.- 7 - Cylindrical grinding bodies are obtained, with a very fine structure at the surface, consisting of a solid martensitic solution comprising primary and secondary carbides of type M 7 C 3 .

EXEMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3

Cet exemple concerne, comme le précédent, l'application du procédé conforme à l'invention à la réalisation de corps broyants cylindriques à structure martensitique, dénommés "Cylpebs", mais par une trempe de la barre à l'eau ou à un mélange air-eau d'une durée limitée.This example relates, like the previous one, to the application of the process according to the invention to the production of cylindrical grinding bodies with martensitic structure, called "Cylpebs", but by quenching the bar with water or with an air mixture. -water of limited duration.

On part d'une barre cylindrique de 39 cm de diamètre, ayant la composition suivante, en % en poids s

Figure imgb0003
We start from a cylindrical bar 39 cm in diameter, having the following composition, in% by weight s
Figure imgb0003

Cette barre sort à une température de 1100°C d'une installation de solidification en continu et sa température est abaissée en continu jusqu'à 300°C à l'aide d'un brouillard air-eau projeté sous pression. On laisse ensuite refroidir la barre à l'air calme jusqu'à 120°C et l'on procède au tronçonnage en lopins à cette température. Le refroidissement des lopins jusqu'à la température ambiante s'effectue en caisse.This bar exits at a temperature of 1100 ° C. from a continuous solidification installation and its temperature is lowered continuously to 300 ° C. using an air-water mist sprayed under pressure. The bar is then allowed to cool in calm air to 120 ° C. and the cutting into pieces is carried out at this temperature. The pieces are cooled down to room temperature at the cash desk.

Les corps broyants cylindriques obtenus ont une structure martensitique fine, de la surface vers le coeur, parsemée de carbures de type M3C.The cylindrical grinding bodies obtained have a fine martensitic structure, from the surface to the core, strewn with M 3 C carbides.

Dans cet exemple, comme dans les précédents, on pourra procéder à un revenu, soit après le traitement thermique en continu sur la barre, avant tronçonnage, soit sur les corps broyants en vrac, en fonction de la dureté désirée pour ces corps broyants et des sollicitations de choc auxquelles ils seront soumis.In this example, as in the previous ones, we can proceed to an income, either after the heat treatment continuously on the bar, before cutting, or on loose grinding bodies, depending on the hardness desired for these grinding bodies and the impact stresses to which they will be subjected.

Ainsi qu'il a été expliqué ci-dessus, la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention, directement sur la barre sortant de l'installation de solidification en continu du métal, permet d'effectuer des économies substantielles d'énergie. Ces économies sont de deux ordres :

  • - d'une part, par élimination d'une refonte initiale du métal, nécessaire à sa mise en oeuvre, on peut estimer le gain d'énergie à environ 200 kWh/t du métal, c'est-à-dire à 2 000 000 kWh/an pour une production de 10 000 t/an de corps broyants
  • - d'autre part, par élimination d'au moins une phase usuelle de chauffage, soit avant trempe, pour des corps broyants moulés, soit avant forgeage, puis avant trempe, pour des corps broyants forgés en reprenant l'exemple d'une production de 10 000 t/an de corps broyants, on peut estimer l'économie d'énergie ainsi réalisée à 8 millions de thermies/an, par rapport à des corps broyants moulés, et entre 9 et 17 millions de thermies/an par rapport à des corps broyants forgés.
As explained above, the implementation of the method according to the invention, directly on the bar leaving the continuous solidification installation of the metal, allows substantial energy savings. These savings are twofold:
  • - on the one hand, by eliminating an initial recasting of the metal, necessary for its implementation, the energy gain can be estimated at around 200 kWh / t of the metal, that is to say at 2,000 000 kWh / year for a production of 10 000 t / year of grinding media
  • - on the other hand, by eliminating at least one usual heating phase, either before quenching, for molded grinding bodies, or before forging, then before quenching, for forged grinding bodies using the example of a production of 10,000 t / year of grinding bodies, we can estimate the energy saving thus achieved at 8 million therms / year, compared to molded grinding bodies, and between 9 and 17 million therms / year compared to forged grinding media.

Le procédé de fabrication de corps broyants conforme à l'invention présente donc des avantages considérables par rapport aux procédés usuels de la technique connue.The method of manufacturing grinding bodies according to the invention therefore has considerable advantages over the usual methods of the known technique.

Claims (11)

1. Procédé de fabrication de corps broyants en alliage ferreux contenant au moins 1 % en poids de carbone, à symétrie axiale ou à section constante, caractérisé en ce que la mise en forme desdits corps broyants comprend exclusivement une opération de solidification en lingotière ouverte d'un profilé issu d'une coulée en continu dudit alliage, suivie d'une division dudit profilé en lopins de longueur désirée, cette mise à longueur étant précédée ou suivie d'un traitement thermique apte à conférer au métal une structure austénitique ou martensitique.1. A method of manufacturing grinding bodies made of ferrous alloy containing at least 1% by weight of carbon, with axial symmetry or in constant section, characterized in that the shaping of said grinding bodies exclusively comprises a solidification operation in an open ingot mold d 'A profile resulting from a continuous casting of said alloy, followed by a division of said profile into pieces of desired length, this cutting to length being preceded or followed by a heat treatment capable of giving the metal an austenitic or martensitic structure. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit profilé est divisé en lopins ayant une longueur égale à environ 0,5 à 3 fois le diamètre dudit profilé.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said profile is divided into pieces having a length equal to about 0.5 to 3 times the diameter of said profile. 3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la division en lopins est effectuée directement sur le profilé métallique sortant de l'ensemble de solidification en continu du métalo3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the division into pieces is carried out directly on the metal profile leaving the continuous solidification assembly of the metal 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, en vue de l'obtention d'une structure austénitique, on procède à un refroidissement du profilé chaud, brut de solidification, à l'aide d'air soufflé directement sur ledit profilé.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in order to obtain an austenitic structure, one proceeds to a cooling of the hot profile, raw solidification, using air blown directly on said profile . 5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, en vue de l'obtention d'une structure martensitique, on procède à un refroidissement partiel du profilé chaud, brut de solidification, jusqu'à une température qui rend l'austénite instable, on le maintient un certain temps à cette température et on le trempe enfin à l'air soufflé.5. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in order to obtain a martensitic structure, one proceeds to a partial cooling of the hot profile, crude solidification, to a temperature which makes the austenite unstable , we keep it for a while at this temperature and we finally quench with blown air. 6. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, en vue de l'obtention d'une structure martensitique, on procède à une trempe à l'eau ou à un mélange air-eau du profilé chaud,brut de solidification.6. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that, with a view to obtaining a martensitic structure, a water quenching or an air-water mixture of the hot profile, raw solidification, is carried out. 7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que soit les corps broyants obtenus, soit ledit profilé après traitement thermique, sont soumis à un revenu.7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that either the grinding bodies obtained, or said profile after heat treatment, are subjected to tempering. 8. A titre de produits industriels nouveaux, les corps broyants en alliage ferreux, à symétrie axiale ou à section constante, ayant une structure fine à cristallisation radiale sensiblement constante sur toute leur longueur et constitués d'une solution austénitique ou martensitique comprenant des carbures de type M7C3 et/ou M3C, obtenus en mettant en oeuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7.8. As new industrial products, grinding bodies of ferrous alloy, with axial symmetry or with constant section, having a fine structure with substantially constant radial crystallization over their entire length and consisting of an austenitic or martensitic solution comprising carbides of type M 7 C 3 and / or M 3 C, obtained by implementing a method according to one of claims 1 to 7. 9. Corps broyants selon la revendication 8, caractérisés en ce que l'alliage ferreux comprend, en % en poids, 1 à 4 % de carbone, O à 40 % de chrome, O à 2 % de molybdène, O,1 à 2,5 % de silicium, 0,1 à 15 % de manganèse, O à 5 % de vanadium, O à 5 % de cuivre et O à 1 % de magnésium.9. Grinding bodies according to claim 8, characterized in that the ferrous alloy comprises, in% by weight, 1 to 4% of carbon, O to 40% of chromium, O to 2% of molybdenum, O, 1 to 2 , 5% silicon, 0.1 to 15% manganese, O to 5% vanadium, O to 5% copper and O to 1% magnesium. 10. Corps broyants selon la revendication 9, caractérisés en ce que l'alliage ferreux contient également, en % en poids, O à 5 % de tungstène, O à 5 % de nickel, O à 2 % de bore et O à 2 % de niobium.10. Grinding bodies according to claim 9, characterized in that the ferrous alloy also contains, in% by weight, O to 5% of tungsten, O to 5% of nickel, O to 2% of boron and O to 2% niobium. 11. Corps broyants selon l'une des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisés en ce que l'alliage ferreux contient en outre du tantale, et/ou du zirconium et/ou de cérium et/ou du bismuth.11. Grinding bodies according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the ferrous alloy further contains tantalum, and / or zirconium and / or cerium and / or bismuth.
EP80400172A 1979-02-05 1980-02-04 Process for the manufacture of grinding members of an iron alloy Expired EP0014655B1 (en)

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AT80400172T ATE4088T1 (en) 1979-02-05 1980-02-04 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GRINDING BODIES FROM AN IRON ALLOY.

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FR7902920A FR2447753A1 (en) 1979-02-05 1979-02-05 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING GRINDING BODIES WITH AXIAL SYMMETRY IN FERROUS ALLOY AND NEW GRINDING BODIES OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS
FR7902920 1979-02-05

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EP0014655A1 true EP0014655A1 (en) 1980-08-20
EP0014655B1 EP0014655B1 (en) 1983-07-13

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AT (1) ATE4088T1 (en)
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FR2447753A1 (en) 1980-08-29
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EP0014655B1 (en) 1983-07-13
FR2447753B1 (en) 1982-09-10

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