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EP0009028A1 - Improvements in or relating to casting metal ingots - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to casting metal ingots

Info

Publication number
EP0009028A1
EP0009028A1 EP79900170A EP79900170A EP0009028A1 EP 0009028 A1 EP0009028 A1 EP 0009028A1 EP 79900170 A EP79900170 A EP 79900170A EP 79900170 A EP79900170 A EP 79900170A EP 0009028 A1 EP0009028 A1 EP 0009028A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot
wall
mold
ingot mold
ingot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79900170A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Enn Vallak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0009028A1 publication Critical patent/EP0009028A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/102—Hot tops therefor from refractorial material only

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns casting metals in an ingot mold with the use of a so-called hot-top positioned on th.e mold to reduce pipe-formation in the solidified ingot.
  • the present invention consists in a method of casting metal ingots comprising teeming the molten metal in an ingot mold with a hot-top, the hot-top having a metal inner wall which is thin co pared to the thickness of the mold wall and which is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier, the resulting thermal expansion of the hot-top forming a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell of solidified metal on the ingot without external manipulation.
  • the invention in a second aspect consists in a hot-top for use with an ingot mold in the casting of metal ingots, the hot-top comprising a hollow body having a base adapted to be positioned at the upper end of an ingot mold and comprising an inner wall of heat conductive metal surrounded by a heat insulating barrier.
  • the invention consists in the combination of a hot-top as set forth inbefore with an ingot mold, where- in the thickness of the inner wall of the hot-top is chosen in relation to the capacity of the ingot mold in such a manner as to prevent melting or fusion of the inner wall during casting molten material in the mold, and wherein the inner wall is thin compared to the thickness of the mold wall.
  • the invention consists in an ingot mold comprising a hot-top, the hot-top having an inner wall which is thin compared to-the thickness of the mold wall and is made of heat conductive material having a higher melting point than the material of the mold wall, said inner wall being surrounded by a heat insulating barrier and being positioned inside the upper part of the ingot mold, the said heat insulating barrier being formed between said inner wall and the wall of the said upper part of the ingot mold.
  • Figure 1 is a cross section through an ingot mold and an associated hot-top according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • figure 2 is a cross section through an ingot mold with a hot-top according to another embodiment of the invention
  • figure 3 is a cross section through an ingot mold with incor- porated hot-top according to still another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an ingot mold 1, a hot-top 2 and a cover plate 3 and is divided into two by a line A so that two stages of the casting process can be shown.
  • the left hand side of the figure shows the mold just after molten metal 4 has been poured into the mold.
  • the molten metal will normally be steel or iron, though non-ferrous metals may also be cast in a similar manner.
  • the hot-top 2 has a metal inner wall 5 having a thickness which is small compared to that of the mold walls.
  • the inner wall 5 is surrounded by a heat barrier 6 made from a (heat resistant) ceramic fiber material. It is essential that the thickness of the inner wall 5 be chosen in relation to the capacity of the mold 1 such that the wall will not melt or become fused with the poured molten metal.
  • the inner wall 5 should have a melting point which is not more than 300 C below the casting temperature of the molten metal.
  • the inner wall 5 may be 10 to 30 mm thick.
  • a suitable metal is cast iron but of course the material of the inner v / all will depend on the metal being cast. As shown in figure 1 the hot-top tapers from its base to its open top which is closed by the top cover 3. This taper is not, however, essential.
  • An additional heat barrier 9 is provided around the lower edge of the inner wall 5 to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall and the ingot mold. This additional heat barrier may not always be needed.
  • the hot-top is surrounded by a metal head case 10 provided with lifting lugs by means of which the hot-top and head case can be mounted on or removed from the ingot mold.
  • the metal may be poured either uphill or downhill.
  • the cover plate 3 which may be as described in U.K. patent specification No. 1,496,348, is placed on the hot-top after pouring.
  • FIG. 1 shows the molten metal immediately after teeming. Shortly after the poured metal contacts the inner wall 5 a thin outer layer or shell of solidified metal is formed on the poured metal due to heat being conducted away from the molten metal by the mold 1 and the inner wall 5 of the hot-top.
  • the metal is then allöwed to cool until it is solid. This is the situation shown in the right hand side of figure 1.
  • the hot-top 2 and the cover 3 re ain in position throughout the en- tire cooling process.
  • the gap 7, together with the insulation provided by the heat barrier 6, ensure that the upper portion of the ingot does not cool too rapidly with respect to the re-mainder of the ingot. Furthermore, there is no need to intro- cute exothermic material into the gap 7 during cooling of the cast metal because of the thermal insulation provided by the gap 7 and heat barrier 6.
  • the hot-top described is reusable and also avoids the necessity of Special Provision being made to move the hot-top mechanically during the casting Operation.
  • the hot-top may be advantageous to position means for causing extra thermal expansion of the hot-top when it is heated during teeming.
  • the sections of the hot-top may be separated by Strips of a material having a high degree of thermal expansion such as copper, or a bimetallic substance.
  • the inner surface of the hot-top may be coated with a heat reflective or a parting agent.
  • Figure 2 shows a hot-top positioned inside the upper part of an ingot mold 21.
  • An inner wall part 51 rests on a shoulder
  • the mold wall and is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier 61 corresponding to heat barrier 6 described above.
  • the outer wall of the hot-top is constituted by the wall of the ingot mold itself, which leads to a simplified structure of the co-combination.
  • a heat barrier " 91 can be inserted between the lower edge of wall 41 and the shoulder of the ingot mold.
  • the wall part 51 of the hot-top is made of a material such as steel hav ⁇ ing a higher melting point than the material of the input mold itself which is generally cast-iron.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment si ilar to that of figure 2 where ⁇ in an inner wall part 52 has a base part 53 which is incorporating in the wall of the ingot mold 22.
  • the inner wall of the hot-top is maintained at its lower edge in a given position with respect to the ingot mold, but its upper edge can expand to achieve the desired effect.
  • a heat barrier 62 is again inserted between the ingot mold wall and the inner wall part 52.
  • the embodiment of figure 3 provides an ingot mold in which the hot-top wall is incorporated at the time of making the ingot mold itself and does therefore not require an additional manufacturing step.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Abstract

Procede de coulee consistant a couler un metal en fusion dans une lingotiere avec une masselotte chaude, la masselotte chaude comportant une paroi interne metallique dont l'epaisseur est petite par rapport a celle de la paroi de la lingotiere et qui est entouree par une barriere isolante, la dilatation thermique de la masselotte chaude qui en resulte formant, sans manipulation de l'exterieur, un espace entre la paroi interne de la masselotte chaude et la peau de metal solidifie du lingot.Casting process consisting in pouring a molten metal into an ingot mold with a hot weight, the hot weight comprising a metal internal wall the thickness of which is small compared to that of the wall of the ingot mold and which is surrounded by an insulating barrier , the thermal expansion of the hot weight which results therefrom forming, without manipulation from the outside, a space between the internal wall of the hot weight and the solidified metal skin of the ingot.

Description

Improvements in or relating to casting metal ingotsImprovements in or relating to casting metal ingots
The present invention concerns casting metals in an ingot mould with the use of a so-called hot-top positioned on th.e mould to reduce pipe-formation in the solidified ingot.The present invention concerns casting metals in an ingot mold with the use of a so-called hot-top positioned on th.e mold to reduce pipe-formation in the solidified ingot.
Such a ethod is described in U.S. patent specification No. 3766965. In this U.S. patent specification olten metal is pou- red into an ingot mould having a hot-top. After a shell or lay- er of solidified metal has been formed the hot-top is moved me- chanically so as to provide a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell. This gap acts as insulation to prevent the upper portion of the ingot from cooling too rapidly.Such a ethod is described in U.S. patent specification No. 3766965. In this U.S. patent specification olten metal is pou-red into an ingot mold having a hot-top. After a shell or layer of solidified metal has been formed the hot-top is moved me- chanically so as to provide a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell. This gap acts as insulation to prevent the upper portion of the ingot from cooling too rapidly.
Accordingly in one aspect the present invention consists in a method of casting metal ingots comprising teeming the molten metal in an ingot mould with a hot-top, the hot-top having a metal inner wall which is thin co pared to the thickness of the mould wall and which is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier, the resulting thermal expansion of the hot-top forming a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell of solidified metal on the ingot without external ma- nipulation.Accordingly in one aspect the present invention consists in a method of casting metal ingots comprising teeming the molten metal in an ingot mold with a hot-top, the hot-top having a metal inner wall which is thin co pared to the thickness of the mold wall and which is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier, the resulting thermal expansion of the hot-top forming a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell of solidified metal on the ingot without external manipulation.
In a second aspect the invention consists in a hot-top for use with an ingot mould in the casting of metal ingots, the hot-top comprising a hollow body having a base adapted to be positioned at the upper end of an ingot mould and comprising an inner wall of heat conductive metal surrounded by a heat insulating barrier.In a second aspect the invention consists in a hot-top for use with an ingot mold in the casting of metal ingots, the hot-top comprising a hollow body having a base adapted to be positioned at the upper end of an ingot mold and comprising an inner wall of heat conductive metal surrounded by a heat insulating barrier.
OMPI . Ar 1P0 - In a third aspect the invention consists in the combination of a hot-top as set forth hereinbefore with an ingot mould, where- in the thickness of the inner wall of the hot-top is chosen in relation to the capacity of the ingot mould in such a manner as to prevent melting or fusion of the inner wall during casting molten material in the mould, and wherein the inner wall is thin compared to the thickness of the mould wall.OMPI. A r 1P0 - In a third aspect the invention consists in the combination of a hot-top as set forth inbefore with an ingot mold, where- in the thickness of the inner wall of the hot-top is chosen in relation to the capacity of the ingot mold in such a manner as to prevent melting or fusion of the inner wall during casting molten material in the mold, and wherein the inner wall is thin compared to the thickness of the mold wall.
In a fourth aspect the invention consists in an ingot mould comprising a hot-top, the hot-top having an inner wall which is thin compared to-the thickness of the mould wall and is made of heat conductive material having a higher melting point than the material of the mould wall, said inner wall being surrounded by a heat insulating barrier and being positioned inside the upper part of the ingot mould, the said heat insulating barrier being formed between said inner wall and the wall of the said upper part of the ingot mould.In a fourth aspect the invention consists in an ingot mold comprising a hot-top, the hot-top having an inner wall which is thin compared to-the thickness of the mold wall and is made of heat conductive material having a higher melting point than the material of the mold wall, said inner wall being surrounded by a heat insulating barrier and being positioned inside the upper part of the ingot mold, the said heat insulating barrier being formed between said inner wall and the wall of the said upper part of the ingot mold.
In order that the present invention may be more readily under- stood, various embodiments thereof will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein :In order that the present invention may be more readily under- stood, various embodiments thereof will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a cross section through an ingot mould and an asso¬ ciated hot-top according to a first embodiment of the invention, figure 2 is a cross section through an ingot mould with a hot- top according to another embodiment of the invention, figure 3 is a cross section through an ingot mould with incor- porated hot-top according to still another embodiment of the invention.Figure 1 is a cross section through an ingot mold and an associated hot-top according to a first embodiment of the invention, figure 2 is a cross section through an ingot mold with a hot-top according to another embodiment of the invention, figure 3 is a cross section through an ingot mold with incor- porated hot-top according to still another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 shows an ingot mould 1, a hot-top 2 and a cover plate 3 and is divided into two by a line A so that two stages of the casting process can be shown. The left hand side of the figure shows the mould just after molten metal 4 has been poured into the mould. The molten metal will normally be steel or iron, though non-ferrous metals may also be cast in a similar manner.Figure 1 shows an ingot mold 1, a hot-top 2 and a cover plate 3 and is divided into two by a line A so that two stages of the casting process can be shown. The left hand side of the figure shows the mold just after molten metal 4 has been poured into the mold. The molten metal will normally be steel or iron, though non-ferrous metals may also be cast in a similar manner.
OMPI A The hot-top 2 has a metal inner wall 5 having a thickness which is small compared to that of the mould walls. The inner wall 5 is surrounded by a heat barrier 6 made from a (heat resistant) ceramic fibre material. It is essential that the thickness of the inner wall 5 be chosen in relation to the capacity of the mould 1 such that the wall will not melt or become fused with the poured molten metal. The inner wall 5 should have a melting point which is not more than 300 C below the casting tempera- ture of the molten metal. The inner wall 5 may be 10 to 30 mm thick. A suitable metal is cast iron but of course the material of the inner v/all will depend on the metal being cast. As shown in figure 1 the hot-top tapers from its base to its open top which is closed by the top cover 3. This taper is not, however, essential.OMPI A The hot-top 2 has a metal inner wall 5 having a thickness which is small compared to that of the mold walls. The inner wall 5 is surrounded by a heat barrier 6 made from a (heat resistant) ceramic fiber material. It is essential that the thickness of the inner wall 5 be chosen in relation to the capacity of the mold 1 such that the wall will not melt or become fused with the poured molten metal. The inner wall 5 should have a melting point which is not more than 300 C below the casting temperature of the molten metal. The inner wall 5 may be 10 to 30 mm thick. A suitable metal is cast iron but of course the material of the inner v / all will depend on the metal being cast. As shown in figure 1 the hot-top tapers from its base to its open top which is closed by the top cover 3. This taper is not, however, essential.
An additional heat barrier 9 is provided around the lower edge of the inner wall 5 to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall and the ingot mould. This additional heat barrier may not always be needed.An additional heat barrier 9 is provided around the lower edge of the inner wall 5 to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall and the ingot mold. This additional heat barrier may not always be needed.
The hot-top is surrounded by a metal head case 10 provided with lifting lugs by means of which the hot-top and head case can be mounted on or removed from the ingot mould.The hot-top is surrounded by a metal head case 10 provided with lifting lugs by means of which the hot-top and head case can be mounted on or removed from the ingot mold.
The metal may be poured either uphill or downhill. In the lat¬ ter case the cover plate 3, which may be as described in U.K. patent specification No. 1,496,348, is placed on the hot-top after pouring.The metal may be poured either uphill or downhill. In the lat¬ ter case the cover plate 3, which may be as described in U.K. patent specification No. 1,496,348, is placed on the hot-top after pouring.
As previously mentioned the left-hand side of figure 1 shows the molten metal immediately after teeming. Shortly after the poured metal contacts the inner wall 5 a thin outer layer or shell of solidified metal is formed on the poured metal due to heat being conducted away from the molten metal by the mould 1 and the inner wall 5 of the hot-top.As previously mentioned the left-hand side of figure 1 shows the molten metal immediately after teeming. Shortly after the poured metal contacts the inner wall 5 a thin outer layer or shell of solidified metal is formed on the poured metal due to heat being conducted away from the molten metal by the mold 1 and the inner wall 5 of the hot-top.
' The heat absorbed by the inner wall 5 causes the hot-top to expand. However, because of its lower mass with respect to the mould 1 the hot-top 2 will expand substantially more rapidly than the mould 1. Thus the hot-top is moved off the ingot with- out external manipulation to form a gap 7. Because of the above mentioned difference in masses the gap 7 between the hot-top 2 and the ingot will be formed more rapidly and will be larger than the gap between the ingot and the mould.' The heat absorbed by the inner wall 5 causes the hot-top to expand. However, because of its lower mass with respect to the mold 1 the hot-top 2 will expand substantially more rapidly than the mold 1. Thus the hot-top is moved off the ingot with- out external manipulation to form a gap 7. Because of the above mentioned difference in masses the gap 7 between the hot-top 2 and the ingot will be formed more rapidly and will be larger than the gap between the ingot and the mold.
The metal is then allöwed to cool until it is solid. This is the Situation shown in the right hand side of figure 1. The hot-top 2 and the cover 3 re ain in position throughout the en- tire cooling process. The gap 7, together with the insulation provided by the heat barrier 6, ensure that the upper portion of the ingot does not cool too rapidly with respect to the re- mainder of the ingot. Furthermore, there is no need to intro- duce exothermic material into the gap 7 during cooling of the cast metal because of the thermal insulation provided by the gap 7 and heat barrier 6.The metal is then allöwed to cool until it is solid. This is the situation shown in the right hand side of figure 1. The hot-top 2 and the cover 3 re ain in position throughout the en- tire cooling process. The gap 7, together with the insulation provided by the heat barrier 6, ensure that the upper portion of the ingot does not cool too rapidly with respect to the re-mainder of the ingot. Furthermore, there is no need to intro- duce exothermic material into the gap 7 during cooling of the cast metal because of the thermal insulation provided by the gap 7 and heat barrier 6.
It will be appreciated that the hot-top described is reusable and also avoids the necessity of Special Provision being made to move the hot-top mechanically during the casting Operation.It will be appreciated that the hot-top described is reusable and also avoids the necessity of Special Provision being made to move the hot-top mechanically during the casting Operation.
Several modifications of the hot-top described above are possi- ble. Thus in the case where the metall inner wall of the hot- top is made from a number of sections, it may be advantageous to position means for causing extra thermal expansion of the hot-top when it is heated during teeming. Thus the sections of the hot-top may be separated by Strips of a material having a high degree of thermal expansion such as copper, or a bimetallic substance. Furthermore, the inner surface of the hot-top may be coated with a heat reflective or a parting agent.Several modifications of the hot-top described above are possible. Thus in the case where the metall inner wall of the hot-top is made from a number of sections, it may be advantageous to position means for causing extra thermal expansion of the hot-top when it is heated during teeming. Thus the sections of the hot-top may be separated by Strips of a material having a high degree of thermal expansion such as copper, or a bimetallic substance. Furthermore, the inner surface of the hot-top may be coated with a heat reflective or a parting agent.
Figure 2 shows a hot-top positioned inside the upper part of an ingot mould 21. An inner wall part 51 rests on a shoulderFigure 2 shows a hot-top positioned inside the upper part of an ingot mold 21. An inner wall part 51 rests on a shoulder
'fΪJRE. the mould wall and is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier 61 corresponding to heat barrier 6 described above. The outer wall of the hot-top is constituted by the wall of the ingot mould itself, which leads to a simplified structure of the co - bination. A heat barrier" 91 can be inserted between the lower edge of wall 41 and the shoulder of the ingot mould. The wall part 51 of the hot-top is made of a material such as steel hav¬ ing a higher melting point than the material of the input mould itself which is generally cast-iron.'fΪJRE. the mold wall and is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier 61 corresponding to heat barrier 6 described above. The outer wall of the hot-top is constituted by the wall of the ingot mold itself, which leads to a simplified structure of the co-combination. A heat barrier " 91 can be inserted between the lower edge of wall 41 and the shoulder of the ingot mold. The wall part 51 of the hot-top is made of a material such as steel hav¬ ing a higher melting point than the material of the input mold itself which is generally cast-iron.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment si ilar to that of figure 2 where¬ in an inner wall part 52 has a base part 53 which is incorpora- ted in the wall of the ingot mould 22. In this case the inner wall of the hot-top is maintained at its lower edge in a given Position with respect to the ingot mould, but its upper edge can expand to achieve the desired effect. A heat barrier 62 is again inserted between the ingot mould wall and the inner wall part 52.Figure 3 shows an embodiment si ilar to that of figure 2 where¬ in an inner wall part 52 has a base part 53 which is incorporating in the wall of the ingot mold 22. In this case the inner wall of the hot-top is maintained at its lower edge in a given position with respect to the ingot mold, but its upper edge can expand to achieve the desired effect. A heat barrier 62 is again inserted between the ingot mold wall and the inner wall part 52.
The embodiment of figure 3 provides an ingot mould in which the hot-top wall is incorporated at the time of making the ingot mould itself and does therefore not require an additional ma- nufacturing step.The embodiment of figure 3 provides an ingot mold in which the hot-top wall is incorporated at the time of making the ingot mold itself and does therefore not require an additional manufacturing step.
It has been discovered that with the ingot mould and casting method described above the amount of piping on the final ingot is low and the contamination of the ingot is often negligible so that it can be rolled i mediately on being stripped from the mould. It has been discovered that with the ingot mold and casting method described above the amount of piping on the final ingot is low and the contamination of the ingot is often negligible so that it can be rolled i mediately on being stripped from the mold.

Claims

1. A method of casting metal comprising teeming molten m into an ingot mould with a hot-top, the hot-top having a metal inner wall which is thin compared to the thickness of the mould wall and is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier, the resulting thermal expansion of the hot-top forming a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell of solidified metal on the ingot without exter¬ nal manipulation.1. A method of casting metal comprising teeming molten m into an ingot mold with a hot-top, the hot-top having a metal inner wall which is thin compared to the thickness of the mold wall and is surrounded by a heat insulating barrier, the resulting thermal expansion of the hot-top forming a gap between the inner wall of the hot-top and the shell of solidified metal on the ingot without external manipulation.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, including inhibiting the transfer of heat between the inner wall and the ingot mould by an additional heat barrier.2. A method as claimed in claim 1, including inhibiting the transfer of heat between the inner wall and the ingot mold by an additional heat barrier.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein th or each heat barrier is made from ceramic fibre.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein th or each heat barrier is made from ceramic fiber.
4. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Clai wherein the inner wall is a metal having a melting point nnoott mmoorree tthhaann -300 C less than the melting point of the e tal being cast.4. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Clai wherein the inner wall is a metal having a melting point nnoott mmoorree tthhaann -300 C less than the melting point of the e tal being cast.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claim including positioning a cover plate on the hot-top.5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claim including positioning a cover plate on the hot-top.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cover plate co prises ceramic fibre material.6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cover plate co prises ceramic fiber material.
7. A hot-top for use with an ingot mould in the casting of metal ingots, the hot-top co rpising a hollow body having a base adapted to be positioned at the upper end of an ingot mould, the body having an upper opening and being formed from an inner wall of heat conductive materi surrounded by a heat barrier of ceramic material.7. A hot-top for use with an ingot mold in the casting of metal ingots, the hot-top co rpising a hollow body having a base adapted to be positioned at the upper end of an ingot mold, the body having an upper opening and being formed from an inner wall of heat conductive materi surrounded by a heat barrier of ceramic material.
8. A hot-top as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ceramic ma¬ terial is fibrous.8. A hot-top as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ceramic material is fibrous.
9. A hot-top as claimed in either claim 7 or claim 8, where¬ in the inner wall of the hot-top is coated with a parting of heat reflective material.9. A hot-top as claimed in either claim 7 or claim 8, where in the inner wall of the hot-top is coated with a parting of heat reflective material.
10. A hot-top as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 9, where¬ in the inner wall is maded from a number of metal. plates in- terconnected by means for causing increased thermal expansion of the hot-top.10. A hot-top as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 9, where in the inner wall is maded from a number of metal. plates interconnected by means for causing increased thermal expansion of the hot-top.
11. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, where¬ in the hot-top tapers from its base to its upper opening.11. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, where¬ in the hot-top tapers from its base to its upper opening.
12. A hot-top as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means for causing increased thermal expansion comprise copper or bi¬ metallic material interposed between the plates.12. A hot-top as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means for causing increased thermal expansion comprise copper or bimetallic material interposed between the plates.
13. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 12, where¬ in the lower edge of the inner wall is provided with an ad¬ ditional heat barrier to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall and the ingot mould.13. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 12, where in the lower edge of the inner wall is provided with an additional heat barrier to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall and the ingot mold.
14. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13, and surrounded by a head case provided with lifting lugs.14. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13, and surrounded by a head case provided with lifting lugs.
15. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 14, where¬ in the inner wall is from 10 to 30 mm thick. • 15. A hot-top as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 14, where¬ in the inner wall is from 10 to 30 mm thick. •
16. The combination of a hot-top as claimed in ony one of claims 7 to 15 with an ingot mould, wherein the thicknes of the inner wall of the hot-top is chosen in relation t the capacity of the ingot mould in such a manner as to p vent melting or fusion of the inner wall during casting molten material in the mould, and wherein the inner wall thin compared to the thickness of the mould wall.16. The combination of a hot-top as claimed in ony one of claims 7 to 15 with an ingot mold, wherein the thicknes of the inner wall of the hot-top is chosen in relation t the capacity of the ingot mold in such a manner as to p vent melting or fusion of the inner wall during casting molten material in the mold, and wherein the inner wall thin compared to the thickness of the mold wall.
17. A combination as claimed in claim 16, and including cover plate for closing the open end of the hot-top, the cover plate including ceramic fibre material.17. A combination as claimed in claim 16, and including cover plate for closing the open end of the hot-top, the cover plate including ceramic fiber material.
18. An ingot mould comprising a hot-top, the hot-top hav an inner wall which is thin compared to the thickness of mould wall and is made of heat conductive material havin higher melting point than the material of the mould wall said inner wall being surrounded by a heat insulating ba rier and being positioned inside the upper part of the i got mould.18. An ingot mold comprising a hot-top, the hot-top hav an inner wall which is thin compared to the thickness of mold wall and is made of heat conductive material havin higher melting point than the material of the mold wall said inner wall being surrounded by a heat insulating ba rier and being positioned inside the upper part of the i got mold.
19. An ingot mould as claimed in claim 18, wherein the l edge of the inner wall is provided with an additional he barrier to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall the ingot mould.19. An ingot mold as claimed in claim 18, wherein the l edge of the inner wall is provided with an additional he barrier to prevent heat transfer between the inner wall the ingot mold.
20. An ingot mould as claimed in claim 18, comprising me for holding the lower edge of the said inner wall in a g position with respect to the ingot mould.20. An ingot mold as claimed in claim 18, comprising me for holding the lower edge of the said inner wall in a g position with respect to the ingot mold.
21. An ingot mould as claimed in claim 18, wherein said ner wall is provided with a base part incorporated in t wall of the ingot mould. 21. An ingot mold as claimed in claim 18, wherein said ner wall is provided with a base part incorporated in t wall of the ingot mold.
EP79900170A 1978-02-07 1979-08-28 Improvements in or relating to casting metal ingots Withdrawn EP0009028A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4957/78A GB1595737A (en) 1978-02-07 1978-02-07 Casting metal ingots
GB495778 1978-02-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0009028A1 true EP0009028A1 (en) 1980-03-19

Family

ID=9787080

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79900170A Withdrawn EP0009028A1 (en) 1978-02-07 1979-08-28 Improvements in or relating to casting metal ingots

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0009028A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS55500084A (en)
BR (1) BR7906448A (en)
DE (1) DE2934887T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2448951A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1595737A (en)
SE (1) SE431833B (en)
WO (1) WO1979000596A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0039708B1 (en) * 1979-11-13 1984-09-19 International Ferrox Company Establishment Ingot mould comprising a hot-top positioned inside the upper part of the mould and process for manufacturing said mould
US4721278A (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-01-26 Re-Top Usa, Inc. Lightweight reusable hot top

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1696986A (en) * 1926-01-19 1929-01-01 Max R Trembour Hot top for molds
US1738600A (en) * 1928-10-31 1929-12-10 James Thomas Hot top
DE587235C (en) * 1932-03-31 1933-11-01 Eugen Schwarz Process for heating the lost head or the riser of blocks and fittings
FR739258A (en) * 1932-06-29 1933-01-09 Casting shell for metals
JPS50108B1 (en) * 1969-03-28 1975-01-06
FR2071442A5 (en) * 1969-12-30 1971-09-17 Daussan Henri Ingot casting mould partly exothermically - heated

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO7900596A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2448951B1 (en) 1983-10-28
SE7908283L (en) 1979-10-05
GB1595737A (en) 1981-08-19
SE431833B (en) 1984-03-05
FR2448951A1 (en) 1980-09-12
JPS55500084A (en) 1980-02-14
DE2934887C2 (en) 1988-07-14
WO1979000596A1 (en) 1979-08-23
BR7906448A (en) 1979-12-11
DE2934887T1 (en) 1981-01-15

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