EP0008761A1 - Paper sizing agent and paper sized therewith - Google Patents
Paper sizing agent and paper sized therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0008761A1 EP0008761A1 EP79103153A EP79103153A EP0008761A1 EP 0008761 A1 EP0008761 A1 EP 0008761A1 EP 79103153 A EP79103153 A EP 79103153A EP 79103153 A EP79103153 A EP 79103153A EP 0008761 A1 EP0008761 A1 EP 0008761A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sizing agent
- paper
- amines
- technical
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001070947 Fagus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AOHAPDDBNAPPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1OCO2 AOHAPDDBNAPPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylpiperazine Chemical compound NCCN1CCNCC1 IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl stearic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAOXFRSJRCGJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanamine Chemical compound NCCN1CCN(CCN)CC1 PAOXFRSJRCGJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101100387923 Caenorhabditis elegans dos-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VXIVSQZSERGHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCl VXIVSQZSERGHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002561 ketenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sizing agents for paper in the form of aqueous preparations of special quaternizing products of basic fatty acid amides which are derived from fatty acids with melting points above 30 ° C. and polyalkylene polyamines and / or their technical mixtures.
- So-called resin glues based on abietic acid are used as conventional bulk sizes for paper.
- these sizing agents do not meet all requirements, for example by requiring alum as an additive, other mass sizing agents which do not rely on the addition of alum have been developed, such as, for example, fatty acid anhydrides or ketenes, isocyanates or chlorocarbonyl derivatives of fatty acids.
- sizing agents have in common that they are difficult to emulsify and that mostly cationic additives have to be used in order to achieve one to achieve satisfactory sizing, and that these sizing agents can only be stored at room temperature to a limited extent in aqueous emulsion, since the ketene, anhydride or isocyanate groups are sensitive to water. Also, stearic acid or reaction products of aliphatic A ninen with maleic anhydride can be used as engine size, but achieve good efficiencies only at high amounts or require Alaunzuaxe.
- reaction products of polymeric fatty acids and polyamines if they are reacted with a precisely defined amount of epichlorohydrin, can also be used as mass sizing agents.
- mass sizing effect is only weakly developed for these substances, while they are well suited for surface sizing.
- two amides containing basic amino groups also consist of oligomeric alkylene amines with more than 2-N atoms and / or their technical mixtures and C 10 -C 26 fatty acids, in particular C 12 -C 18 -, which are solid at room temperature.
- Fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid, the latter being preferred, in the form of their quaternization products prepared in the presence of water with (based on amino groups in the amide) 0.5-1 equivalent of epichlorohydrin excellently as a sizing agent, especially as Bulk sizing agents are particularly suitable if 0.05-5% by weight of an electrolyte (based on solids) has been added to their aqueous preparations.
- the present invention represents a considerable improvement because the quaternization according to the invention of average dibasic reaction products of crystalline fatty acids with linear polyamines of the general formula H 2 N- (R'NH) n -RNH 2 and / or their technical mixtures in the presence of water with approximately stoichiometric amounts of epichlorohydrin surprisingly leads to products whose effectiveness is significantly improved, ie a good sizing effect is achieved with considerably reduced amounts of linear amine.
- the use of technical amine mixtures also has the advantage that complex separation processes to provide the purified linear amines can be saved.
- a further advantage lies in the fact that electrolyte additives can be used according to the invention, which surprisingly leads to a considerably reduced viscosity of the aqueous sizing agent preparation without a substantial loss of activity and thus results in improved handling at a given concentration.
- Aminoalkylamines or aminoalkylpiperazines the amides quaternized with 0.5-2.0 equivalents of epichlorohydrin (based on amino groups in the basic amide) in the presence of water and then, if appropriate, diluted with further water to solids concentrations of 5-40% by weight.
- Another aspect of the invention is that 0.05-5% by weight of an electrolyte is added to the aqueous sizing agent preparation according to the invention (based on solids).
- stearic acid or stearic acid containing fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures can also be used.
- Process accessible fatty acids should be considered.
- Suitable amines and / or technical amine mixtures for the preparation of the basic fatty acid amides are preferably polyethylene polyamines, for example diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine, tetraethylene pentamine and pentaethylene hexamine.
- the corresponding propylene amines are also suitable.
- Technical triethylene tetramine is of particular interest.
- epichlorohydrin is used, in amounts of 0.5-2 equivalents, preferably 0.5-1.5 equivalents, based on the amino groups contained in the basic amide.
- the use of larger amounts of epichlorohydrin is possible without further ado, but does not lead to a significant increase in activity.
- quaternizing agents such as dimethyl or diethyl sulfate, propane sultone, benzyl chloride, alkylene oxides or chloroacetamide are of less interest, but can also be considered if appropriate.
- the fatty acids are used to represent the amide precursor for it Sizing agents according to the invention used in amounts such that the resulting basic amide contains on average about two basic amino groups per molecule, ie, for example, about two moles of stearic acid are reacted per mole of triethylenetetraamine.
- the basic amides can be prepared by various methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example very simply by heating stoichiometrically calculated amounts of stearic acid and amine, optionally under nitrogen, to 180 to 220 ° C. and slowly distilling off the water formed during the formation of the amide.
- the acid numbers of the amidation product should be below 20, preferably below 5.
- the melt of the resulting basic amides can then be cooled to a suitable temperature range, e.g. are reacted with the quaternizing agent in the vicinity of the melting points of the amides in water, which are approximately between 60 and 130 ° C., and then, after a reaction time of 0.5-10 hours, preferably still warm, optionally with a further amount of water with further stirring at 60-130 ° C over 0.1-10 h, converted into a 5-40 wt .-%, preferably 10-25 wt .-%, suspension or emulsion. This is generally done by simple stirring, if necessary also using mechanical emulsifying devices.
- a variant within the scope of the method according to the invention is that a subordinate, ie less than 50% by weight of the total amount of epichlorohydrin required adds the quaternizing agent to the molten basic amide before the first addition of water.
- a subordinate ie less than 50% by weight of the total amount of epichlorohydrin required adds the quaternizing agent to the molten basic amide before the first addition of water.
- the amount of water present in the quaternization reaction is less than the amount of water subsequently contained in the aqueous sizing agent preparation, since the setting of the desired sizing agent concentration can then be optimally combined with the addition of electrolyte. In many cases, it has proven to be sufficient and technically sensible to add only about 100-900% by weight, based on the amount of the basic amide, of water during the quaternization. Surprisingly, without added water, end products with reduced effectiveness are obtained.
- the aqueous sizing agent preparations described often have a pulpy consistency which can lead to handling difficulties.
- 0.05-5, preferably 0.1-1% by weight (based on solids) of electrolytes can then be added to the preparations. This is most conveniently done in the last ver thinning stage of the sizing agent preparation by dissolving the desired amount of electrolyte in the water intended for the final dilution and thus introducing it.
- it is also possible to add the electrolyte beforehand or already with the first or second addition of water it has proven to be most effective to incorporate the electrolyte as far as possible at the end of the dilution process. This gives preparations which, at solids contents of more than 10% by weight, have a low viscosity character and do not thicken.
- preferred electrolytes are inorganic salts such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride or, in particular, sodium chloride, although soluble chlorides, nitrates, sulfates , Phosphates, carbonates of other elements and also the acids or bases themselves are suitable in principle. Hard or mineral tap water often gives sufficient effects.
- the ready-to-use aqueous preparations of the sizing agents obtained have solids concentrations of 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 25,% by weight. This too Preparations are further diluted to the concentrations then required, for example to concentrations below 0.5% by weight, as are customary in paper sizing.
- the sizing agents according to the invention have the advantage of being indefinitely stable in storage in the form of their aqueous preparations, and of not requiring additions of alum or a cationic or anionic auxiliary agent, although the addition of such auxiliary agents, e.g.
- aqueous preparations can also be prepared without emulsifying agents.
- the sizing agents are particularly well suited for the mass sizing of paper, but can of course also be used for surface sizing. You can not only be used with papers containing chalk or kaolin, but also with papers that contain no or some other filler, such as talc or gypsum. They are also suitable for gluing cellulosic materials such as cardboard, textile material, cardboard or chipboard or insulating boards or leather.
- ink float test is used as an assessment criterion for the sizing agents: one places a paper strip equipped with the agent to be tested on the surface of a bowl filled with standard ink in accordance with DIN 53 126 and checks the time it takes for the ink to reach the viewer the opposite side of the placed paper is punched through. This test provides a very good assessment option for different sizing agents when standardized.
- the sizing agents according to the invention have an almost unlimited storage stability in aqueous preparation compared to the reactive sizing agents of the prior art and are therefore technically advantageous.
- the comparison with resin size (size 1) shows, as a further technical advantage of the sizes according to the invention, their good effectiveness.
- a an even more important advantage results from the fact that the sizing agents develop their good effectiveness on paper which is free from alum and contains chalk and possibly contains brighteners and on which resin glue is only slightly effective.
- the sizing agents according to the invention are therefore also tested, for example, on alum-free, chalk-containing paper.
- Example 11 The test is carried out as in Example 11, but the paper contains kaolin instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 10 minutes is measured.
- Example 9 The test is carried out as in Example 9. However, the paper contains talc instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 12 minutes is measured.
- Example 10 The test is carried out as in Example 10. However, the paper contains groundwood instead of beech sulfate pulp. An ink swim time of 11 minutes is measured.
- a basic amide is prepared according to Example 2, but in its synthesis the molar ratio of stearic acid to amine is now 3: 1.
- 240 parts of the amide are stirred at 120 ° C. with 120 parts of water and 65 parts of epichlorohydrin (approx. 1 mol / amino group) for 1 hour. Then 593 parts of water are added and the mixture is stirred for a further hour with gentle reflux. Then 305 parts of water are added and the mixture is left with stirring Cool to approx. 45 ° C.
- a solution of 1.5 parts of NaCl in 203 parts of water is then diluted to a solids content of approximately 18%. This emulsion is used as a sizing agent.
- a sizing test carried out according to Example 9-11 results in an ink floating time of 16 minutes at 0.45%.
- the basic amide is prepared from these amines E-K according to Example 2 using the same recipe.
- Example 24 The test is carried out as in Example 24, but the paper contains kaolin instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 12 minutes is measured.
- Example 23 The test is carried out as in Example 23. However, the paper contains talc instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 12 minutes is measured.
- Example 24 The test is carried out as in Example 24. However, the paper contains groundwood instead of beech sulfate pulp. An ink swim time of 11 minutes is measured.
- the sizing test is carried out analogously to Examples 21-25 and gives an ink floating time of 18.5 minutes.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Leimungsmittel für Papier in Form wäßriger Zubereitungen von speziellen Quaternierungsprodukten basischer Fettsäureamide, die sich von Fettsäuren mit Schmelzpunkten von über 30°C und Polyalkylenpolyaminen und/oder deren technischen Gemischen ableiten.The present invention relates to sizing agents for paper in the form of aqueous preparations of special quaternizing products of basic fatty acid amides which are derived from fatty acids with melting points above 30 ° C. and polyalkylene polyamines and / or their technical mixtures.
Als konventionelles Masseleimungsmittel für Papier werden die sogenannten Harzleime auf Abietinsäurebasis verwendet. Da diese Leimungsmittel jedoch nicht allen Ansprüchen genügen, z.B., indem sie Alaun als Zusatzmittel erfordern, hat man inzwischen andere, nicht auf den Zusatz von Alaun angewiesene Masseleimungsmittel entwickelt, wie z.B. Fettsäureanhydride bzw. Ketene, Isocyanate oder Chlorcarbonylderivate von Fettsäuren. Allen diesen Leimungsmitteln ist gemeinsam, daß sie schwierig emulgierbar sind, daß meistens kationische Zusatzstoffe mitverwendet werden müssen, um eine zufriedenstellende Leimung zu erzielen, und daß diese Leimungsmittel in wäßriger Emulsion nur beschränkt bei Raumtemperatur lagerfähig sind, da die Keten-, Anhydrid-oder Isocyanatgruppen wasserempfindlich sind. Auch Stearinsäure oder Umsetzungsprodukte von aliphatischen Aninen mit Maleinanhydrid sind als Masseleimungsmittel verwendbar, erreichen aber gute Wirksamkeiten nur bei hohen Einsatzmengen bzw. erfordern Alaunzusätze.So-called resin glues based on abietic acid are used as conventional bulk sizes for paper. However, since these sizing agents do not meet all requirements, for example by requiring alum as an additive, other mass sizing agents which do not rely on the addition of alum have been developed, such as, for example, fatty acid anhydrides or ketenes, isocyanates or chlorocarbonyl derivatives of fatty acids. All these sizing agents have in common that they are difficult to emulsify and that mostly cationic additives have to be used in order to achieve one to achieve satisfactory sizing, and that these sizing agents can only be stored at room temperature to a limited extent in aqueous emulsion, since the ketene, anhydride or isocyanate groups are sensitive to water. Also, stearic acid or reaction products of aliphatic A ninen with maleic anhydride can be used as engine size, but achieve good efficiencies only at high amounts or require Alaunzusätze.
Gemäß DOS 1 771 243 können auch Umsetzungsprodukte aus polymeren Fettsäuren und Polyaminen, wenn sie mit einer genau definierten Menge Epichlorhydrin umgesetzt werden, als Masseleimungsmittel verwendet werden. Der Masseleimungseffekt ist jedoch bei diesen Substanzen nur schwach ausgebildet, während sie sich gut für die Oberflächenleimung eignen.According to DOS 1 771 243, reaction products of polymeric fatty acids and polyamines, if they are reacted with a precisely defined amount of epichlorohydrin, can also be used as mass sizing agents. However, the mass sizing effect is only weakly developed for these substances, while they are well suited for surface sizing.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich durchschnittlich noch zwei basische Aminogruppen enthaltende Amide aus oligomeren Alkylenaminen mit mehr als 2-N-Atomen und/oder deren technischen Gemischen und bei Raumtemperatur festen C10-C26-Fettsäuren, insbesondere C12-C18-Fettsäuren, wie Laurin-, Myristin-, Palmitin- und Stearinsäure, wobei letztere bevorzugt ist, in Form ihrer in Gegenwart von Wasser hergestellten Quaternierungsprodukte mit (bezogen auf Aminogruppen im Amid) 0,5 - 1 Äquivalent Epichlorhydrin hervorragend als Leimungsmittel, vor allem als Masseleimungsmittel eignen, insbesondere, wenn ihren wäßrigen Zubereitungen 0,05 - 5 Gew.-% eines Elektrolyten (bezogen auf Feststoff) zugesetzt worden ist.It has now been found that, on average, two amides containing basic amino groups also consist of oligomeric alkylene amines with more than 2-N atoms and / or their technical mixtures and C 10 -C 26 fatty acids, in particular C 12 -C 18 -, which are solid at room temperature. Fatty acids, such as lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid, the latter being preferred, in the form of their quaternization products prepared in the presence of water with (based on amino groups in the amide) 0.5-1 equivalent of epichlorohydrin excellently as a sizing agent, especially as Bulk sizing agents are particularly suitable if 0.05-5% by weight of an electrolyte (based on solids) has been added to their aqueous preparations.
Sie werden als wäßrige Lösungen, Suspensionen oder Emulsionen, gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit anderen Leimungsmitteln, eingesetzt.They are used as aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions, optionally in a mixture with other sizing agents.
Wie gefunden wurde, führen die entsprechenden Verbindungen, z.B. bei Verwendung der bei etwa 69°C schmelzenden Stearinsäure, zu einem guten Masseleimungsmittel, während analoge, unter Verwendung der bei Raumtemperatur flüssigen ölsäure hergestellte Verbindungen nur unzureichend wirksam sind.The corresponding connections, e.g. when using the stearic acid melting at about 69 ° C. to a good mass sizing agent, while analogous compounds produced using the oleic acid which is liquid at room temperature are only insufficiently effective.
Gegenstand eines älteren Vorschlags (Patentanmeldung P 28 19 039.8) sind Leimungsmittel für Papier in Form einer Zubereitung von Salzen und/oder Quaternierungsprodukten von basischen Fettsäureamiden, die sich von Fettsäuren mit Schmelzpunkten von über 30°C ableiten.The subject of an older proposal (patent application P 28 19 039.8) is sizing agents for paper in the form of a preparation of salts and / or quaternization products of basic fatty acid amides, which are derived from fatty acids with melting points above 30 ° C.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt demgegenüber eine erhebliche Verbesserung dar, weil die erfindungsgemäße Quaternierung von durchschnittlich dibasischen Umsetzungsprodukten von kristallinen Fettsäuren mit linearen Polyaminen der allgemeinen Formel H2N-(R'NH)n-RNH2 und/oder deren technischen Gemischen in Gegenwart von Wasser mit ungefähr stöchiometrischen Mengen von Epichlorhydrin überraschenderweise zu Produkten führt, deren Wirksamkeit deutlich verbessert ist, d.h., man erreicht gute Leimungswirkung bei erheblich verminderten Aufwandmengen an linearem Amin. Die Verwendung technischer Amingemische hat außerdem den Vorteil, daß aufwendige Trennprozesse zur Bereitstellung der gereinigten linearen Amine eingespart werden können. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt in der erfindungsgemäß möglichen Mitverwendung von Elektrolytzusätzen, die überraschenderweise zu einer erheblich herabgesetzten Viskosität der wäßrigen Leimungsmittelzubereitung ohne wesentlichen Wirkungsverlust führt und somit eine verbesserte Handhabbarkeit bei gegebener Konzentration bewirkt.In contrast, the present invention represents a considerable improvement because the quaternization according to the invention of average dibasic reaction products of crystalline fatty acids with linear polyamines of the general formula H 2 N- (R'NH) n -RNH 2 and / or their technical mixtures in the presence of water with approximately stoichiometric amounts of epichlorohydrin surprisingly leads to products whose effectiveness is significantly improved, ie a good sizing effect is achieved with considerably reduced amounts of linear amine. The use of technical amine mixtures also has the advantage that complex separation processes to provide the purified linear amines can be saved. A further advantage lies in the fact that electrolyte additives can be used according to the invention, which surprisingly leads to a considerably reduced viscosity of the aqueous sizing agent preparation without a substantial loss of activity and thus results in improved handling at a given concentration.
Erfindungsgegenstand sind demgemäß Papierleimungsmittel, bestehend aus einer wäßrigen Zubereitung quaternierter basischer Fettsäureamide, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man durchschnittlich dibasische Amide von Fettsäuren mit Schmelzpunkten über 30°C und Aminen der allgemeinen Formel
R und R* gleich oder verschieden sind und einen Alkylenrest mit 2 oder 3 C-Atomen bedeuten, und
n = 1 - 6 ist, und die technischen Amine in Mengen von bis zu 80 Gew.-% Begleitstoffe enthalten können, die im wesentlichen aus cyclischen und/oder verzweigten Aminen bestehen, die etwa den gleichen technischen Siedebereich besitzen, wie z.B. tert. Aminoalkylamine oder Aminoalkylpiperazine, die Amide mit 0,5 - 2,0 Äquivalent Epichlorhydrin (bezogen auf Aminogruppen im basischen Amid) in Gegenwart von Wasser quaterniert und dann gegebenenfalls mit weiterem Wasser auf Feststoffkonzentrationen von 5 - 40 Gew.-% verdünnt.The subject of the invention is accordingly paper sizing agents, consisting of an aqueous preparation of quaternized basic fatty acid amides, characterized in that an average of dibasic amides of fatty acids with melting points above 30 ° C. and amines of the general formula
R and R * are identical or different and represent an alkylene radical having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and
n = 1-6, and the technical amines can contain up to 80% by weight of accompanying substances which consist essentially of cyclic and / or branched amines which have approximately the same technical boiling range as tert. Aminoalkylamines or aminoalkylpiperazines, the amides quaternized with 0.5-2.0 equivalents of epichlorohydrin (based on amino groups in the basic amide) in the presence of water and then, if appropriate, diluted with further water to solids concentrations of 5-40% by weight.
Die vorerwähnten Begleitstoffe der technischen Amine enthalten außerdem noch in untergeordneter Menge unidentifizierte Nebenprodukte, die die Herstellung und Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel jedoch nicht beeinträchtigen.The above-mentioned accompanying substances of technical amines also contain a minor amount of unidentified by-products which, however, do not impair the production and effectiveness of the sizing agents according to the invention.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, daß man der wäßrigen erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittelzubereitung (bezogen auf Feststoff) 0,05 - 5 Gew.-% eines Elektrolyten zusetzt.Another aspect of the invention is that 0.05-5% by weight of an electrolyte is added to the aqueous sizing agent preparation according to the invention (based on solids).
Geeignet als Fettsäurebasis sind Fettsäuren oder natürliche und/oder synthetische Fettsäuregemische mit 10 - 26, bevorzugt 12 - 18 C-Atomen und Schmelzpunkten über 30 oC, insbesondere Stearinsäure bzw. Stearinsäure enthaltende Fettsäuren oder Fettsäuregemische. Es können jedoch auch andere Fettsäuren wie etwa Talg-, Kokos-, Palmitin-, Abietin-, Arachin- und Behensäure oder hydrierte ölsäure bzw. sonstige durch z.B. Oxosynthese o.ä. Verfahren zugängliche Fettsäuren in Betracht gezogen werden.Suitable as fatty acid based, fatty acids or natural and / or synthetic fatty acid mixtures having 10-26, preferably 12-18 carbon atoms, and melting points above 3 0 o C, in particular stearic acid or stearic acid containing fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures. However, other fatty acids such as tallow, coconut, palmitic, abietic, arachidic and behenic acid or hydrogenated oleic acid or others such as by oxosynthesis or the like can also be used. Process accessible fatty acids should be considered.
Als Amine und/oder technische Amingemische zur Herstellung der basischen Fettsäureamide kommen vorzugsweise Polyethylenpolyamine, etwa Diethylentriamin, Triethylentetraamin, Tetraethylenpentamin und Pentaethylenhexamin in Betracht. Geeignet sind auch die entsprechenden Propylenamine. Von besonderem Interesse ist technisches Triethylentetramin.Suitable amines and / or technical amine mixtures for the preparation of the basic fatty acid amides are preferably polyethylene polyamines, for example diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine, tetraethylene pentamine and pentaethylene hexamine. The corresponding propylene amines are also suitable. Technical triethylene tetramine is of particular interest.
Als in den technischen Polyethylenpolyaminen, die im allgemeinen destillativ gereinigt sind, vorkommende Begleitstoffe, kommen aufgrund ihres ähnlichen Siedeverhaltens z.B. in Betracht: Aminoethylpiperazin, Trisaminoethylamin, N,N'-Bisaminoethylpiperazin, aminoethylierte N-Aminoethylpiperazine in Form verschiedener Isomerer sowie eine Reihe nicht identifizierter sonstiger Verunreinigungen in Mengen von zumeist unter 10 Gew.-%. Die Gehalte an der formelmäßigen linearen Verbindung sollen mindestens 20 Gew.-% betragen und vorzugsweise über 40 Gew.-% liegen. Es können auch Gemische von technischen Polyalkylenpolyaminen verschiedener Siedebereiche verfahrensgemäß eingesetzt werden.As accompanying substances found in technical polyethylene polyamines, which are generally purified by distillation, due to their similar boiling behavior, e.g. into consideration: aminoethylpiperazine, trisaminoethylamine, N, N'-bisaminoethylpiperazine, aminoethylated N-aminoethylpiperazines in the form of various isomers and a number of unidentified other impurities in amounts of mostly less than 10% by weight. The contents of the linear compound of the formula should be at least 20% by weight and preferably be above 40% by weight. Mixtures of technical polyalkylene polyamines of different boiling ranges can also be used according to the process.
Für die Überführung in Quaternierungsprodukte verwendet man Epichlorhydrin, in Mengen von 0,5 - 2 Äquivalent, bevorzugt 0,5 - 1,5 Äquivalenten, bezogen auf im basischen Amid enthaltene Aminogruppen. Der Einsatz größerer Epichlorhydrinmengen ist zwar ohne weiteres möglich, führt jedoch zu keiner signifikanten Wirkungssteigerung.For the conversion into quaternization products, epichlorohydrin is used, in amounts of 0.5-2 equivalents, preferably 0.5-1.5 equivalents, based on the amino groups contained in the basic amide. The use of larger amounts of epichlorohydrin is possible without further ado, but does not lead to a significant increase in activity.
Andere Quaternierungsmittel wie Dimethyl- oder Diethylsulfat, Propansulton, Benzylchlorid, Alkylenoxyde oder Chloracetamid sind zwar von geringerem Interesse, können jedoch gegebenenfalls auch in Betracht gezogen werden.Other quaternizing agents such as dimethyl or diethyl sulfate, propane sultone, benzyl chloride, alkylene oxides or chloroacetamide are of less interest, but can also be considered if appropriate.
Bezogen auf die eingesetzte Aminmenge, werden die Fettsäuren zur Darstellung der Amidvorstufe für die erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel in solchen Mengen eingesetzt, daß das resultierende basische Amid pro Molekül durchschnittlich etwa zwei basische Aminogruppen enthält, d.h. z.B., es werden pro Mol Triethylentetraamin etwa zwei Mol Stearinsäure zur Reaktion gebracht.Based on the amount of amine used, the fatty acids are used to represent the amide precursor for it Sizing agents according to the invention used in amounts such that the resulting basic amide contains on average about two basic amino groups per molecule, ie, for example, about two moles of stearic acid are reacted per mole of triethylenetetraamine.
Die Herstellung der basischen Amide kann nach verschiedenen, dem Fachmann geläufigen Methoden erfolgen, beispielsweise sehr einfach dadurch, daß man stöchiometrisch berechnete Mengen Stearinsäure und Amin, gegebenenfalls unter Stickstoff, auf 180 bis 220°C erhitzt und das bei der Amidbildung entstehende Wasser langsam abdestilliert. Die Säurezahlen des Amidierungsproduktes sollen unter 20, vorzugsweise unter 5 liegen.The basic amides can be prepared by various methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example very simply by heating stoichiometrically calculated amounts of stearic acid and amine, optionally under nitrogen, to 180 to 220 ° C. and slowly distilling off the water formed during the formation of the amide. The acid numbers of the amidation product should be below 20, preferably below 5.
Anschließend kann die Schmelze der entstandenen basischen Amide nach Abkühlung auf einen geeigneten Temperaturbereich, z.B. in der Nähe der etwa zwischen 60 und 130°C liegenden Schmelzpunkte der Amide in Wasser mit dem Quaternierungsmittel umgesetzt werden und wird dann nach 0,5-10h Reaktionszeit, vorzugsweise noch warm, gegebenenfalls mit einer weiteren Menge Wasser unter weiterem Rühren bei 60 - 130°C über 0,1 - 10 h, in eine 5 - 40 gew.-%ige, vorzugsweise 10 - 25 gew.-%ige, Suspension bzw. Emulsion übergeführt. Das geschieht im allgemeinen durch einfaches Rühren, gegebenenfalls auch unter Einsatz mechanischer Emulgiervorrichtungen.The melt of the resulting basic amides can then be cooled to a suitable temperature range, e.g. are reacted with the quaternizing agent in the vicinity of the melting points of the amides in water, which are approximately between 60 and 130 ° C., and then, after a reaction time of 0.5-10 hours, preferably still warm, optionally with a further amount of water with further stirring at 60-130 ° C over 0.1-10 h, converted into a 5-40 wt .-%, preferably 10-25 wt .-%, suspension or emulsion. This is generally done by simple stirring, if necessary also using mechanical emulsifying devices.
Eine im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegende Variante besteht darin, daß man eine untergeordnete, d.h. unter 50 Gew.-% der insgesamt benötigten Epichlorhydrinmenge liegende Menge des Quaternierungsmittels dem geschmolzenen basischen Amid vor der ersten Wasserzugabe zusetzt. Hierdurch wird in situ ein Emulgiermittel erzeugt, das die Verteilung des unmittelbar vor der Hauptquaternierungsreaktion zugesetzten Wassers im Reaktionsmedium erleichtert.A variant within the scope of the method according to the invention is that a subordinate, ie less than 50% by weight of the total amount of epichlorohydrin required adds the quaternizing agent to the molten basic amide before the first addition of water. In this way, an emulsifier is generated in situ, the facilitates the distribution immediately before the H auptquaternierungsreaktion added water in the reaction medium.
Es hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn die bei der Quaternierungsreaktion anwesende Wassermenge geringer ist als die späterhin in der wäßrigen Leimungsmittelzubereitung enthaltene Wassermenge, da man dann die Einstellung der gewünschten Leimungsmittelkonzentration optimal mit der Elektrolytzugabe kombinieren kann. Es hat sich vielfach als ausreichend und verfahrenstechnisch sinnvoll erwiesen, zunächst nur ca. 100 - 900 Gew.-%, bezogen auf eingesetzte Menge des basischen Amids, an Wasser während der Quaternierung zuzusetzen. Ohne Wasserzusatz erhält man jedoch überraschenderweise Endprodukte mit verminderter Wirksamkeit.It has proven to be advantageous if the amount of water present in the quaternization reaction is less than the amount of water subsequently contained in the aqueous sizing agent preparation, since the setting of the desired sizing agent concentration can then be optimally combined with the addition of electrolyte. In many cases, it has proven to be sufficient and technically sensible to add only about 100-900% by weight, based on the amount of the basic amide, of water during the quaternization. Surprisingly, without added water, end products with reduced effectiveness are obtained.
Im Bereich der Feststoffgehalte über 1O Gew.-% haben die beschriebenen wäßrigen Leimungsmittelzubereitungen oftmals eine breiige_Konsistenz, die zu Handhabungsschwierigkeiten führen kann. Erfindungsgemäß können dann den Zubereitungen 0,05 - 5, vorzugsweise 0,1 - 1 Gew.-% (bezogen auf Feststoff), an Elektrolyten zugesetzt werden. Das geschieht am zweckmäßigsten in der letzten Verdünnungsstufe der Leimungsmittelzubereitung, indem man die gewünschte Elektrolytmenge im für die abschließende Verdünnung vorgesehenen Wasser auflöst und so einbringt. Obgleich es auch möglich ist, den Elektrolyten vonvornherein bzw. bereits bei der ersten oder zweiten Wasserzugabe zuzusetzen, hat es sich am wirkungsvollsten erwiesen, den Elektrolyten möglichst am Schluß des Verdünnungsprozesses einzuarbeiten. Hierdurch erhält man Zubereitungen, die bei Feststoffgehalten über 10 Gew.-% dünnflüssigen Charakter haben und nicht nachdicken.In the range of solids contents above 10% by weight, the aqueous sizing agent preparations described often have a pulpy consistency which can lead to handling difficulties. According to the invention, 0.05-5, preferably 0.1-1% by weight (based on solids) of electrolytes can then be added to the preparations. This is most conveniently done in the last ver thinning stage of the sizing agent preparation by dissolving the desired amount of electrolyte in the water intended for the final dilution and thus introducing it. Although it is also possible to add the electrolyte beforehand or already with the first or second addition of water, it has proven to be most effective to incorporate the electrolyte as far as possible at the end of the dilution process. This gives preparations which, at solids contents of more than 10% by weight, have a low viscosity character and do not thicken.
Als Elektrolyte kommen neben organischen Salzen wie Ammonium- oder Alkaliformiaten, -acetaten, -benzoaten, -phosphonaten oder -sulfonaten vorzugsweise anorganische Salze wie Ammonchlorid, Kaliumchlorid, Calciumchlorid, Zinkchlorid, Aluminiumchlorid oder insbesondere Natriumchlorid in Betracht, obgleich auch lösliche Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Phosphate, Carbonate anderer Elemente und auch die Säuren oder Basen selbst prinzipiell geeignet sind. Oft gibt auch schon hartes oder mineralhaltiges Leitungswasser ausreichende Effekte.In addition to organic salts such as ammonium or alkali metal formates, acetates, benzoates, phosphonates or sulfonates, preferred electrolytes are inorganic salts such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride or, in particular, sodium chloride, although soluble chlorides, nitrates, sulfates , Phosphates, carbonates of other elements and also the acids or bases themselves are suitable in principle. Hard or mineral tap water often gives sufficient effects.
Die erhaltenen gebrauchsfertigen wäßrigen Zubereitungen der Leimungsmittel haben Feststoffkonzentrationen von 5 bis 40, vorzugsweise von 10 bis 25 Gew.-%. Diese Zubereitungen werden bei ihrer Anwendung auf die dann erforderlichen Konzentrationen weiter verdünnt, z.B. auf Konzentrationen unter 0,5 Gew.-%, wie sie bei der Papierleimung üblich sind.The ready-to-use aqueous preparations of the sizing agents obtained have solids concentrations of 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 25,% by weight. This too Preparations are further diluted to the concentrations then required, for example to concentrations below 0.5% by weight, as are customary in paper sizing.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel haben den Vorteil, bei sehr guter Wirksamkeit in Form ihrer wäßrigen Zubereitungen unbegrenzt lagerstabil zu sein, sowie auch keine Zusätze von Alaun oder einem kationischen oder anionischen Hilfsmittel zu erfordern, obgleich ein Zusatz solcher Hilfsmittel, z.B. auf Basis kationischer Stärke, quaternierten Polyaminen, quaternierten Polyamidaminen, quaternierten basischen Formaldehydharzen, Methylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Ligninsulfonsäuren, Stärken und Polysacchariden verschiedener Genese, Pullulan, Chitosan, Polymerisaten oder Copolymerisaten von (Meth)Acrylsäure, Malein-, Fumar-, Itaconsäure oder sonstigen Polymeren und Copolymeren mit gegebenenfalls in Salzform vorliegenden Carboxyl- oder Sulfonsäuregruppen, Kollagen, Gelatine, Alginaten und Karagenaten, durchaus in Betracht zu ziehen und möglich ist. Ihre Wirksamkeit wird durch Weißtöner und kationische oder insbesondere anionische Farbstoffe nicht verschlechtert, sondern eher verbessert. Die wäßrigen Zubereitungen lassen sich zudem ohne Emulgierhilfsmittel herstellen.The sizing agents according to the invention have the advantage of being indefinitely stable in storage in the form of their aqueous preparations, and of not requiring additions of alum or a cationic or anionic auxiliary agent, although the addition of such auxiliary agents, e.g. based on cationic starch, quaternized polyamines, quaternized polyamide amines, quaternized basic formaldehyde resins, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, lignin sulfonic acids, starches and polysaccharides of various origins, pullulan, chitosan, polymers or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or other, fumaric or other acids and copolymers with carboxyl or sulfonic acid groups, collagen, gelatin, alginates and caragenates, which may be in salt form, are to be considered and are possible. Their effectiveness is not worsened by whiteners and cationic or in particular anionic dyes, but rather improved. The aqueous preparations can also be prepared without emulsifying agents.
Die Leimungsmittel sind allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Leimungsmitteln besonders gut geeignet zur Masseleimung von Papier, können selbstverständlich aber auch zur Oberflächenleimung eingesetzt werden. Sie können nicht nur bei kreidehaltigen oder kaolinhaltigen Papieren verwendet werden, sondern auch bei solchen, die keinen oder einen andersartigen Füllstoff enthalten, wie z.B. Talkum oder Gips. Ebenso sind sie zur Leimung von cellulosischen Materialien wie Pappe, Textilmaterial, Karton oder Holzspanplatten bzw. Dämmplatten oder Leder geeignet.The sizing agents, alone or in combination with other sizing agents, are particularly well suited for the mass sizing of paper, but can of course also be used for surface sizing. You can not only be used with papers containing chalk or kaolin, but also with papers that contain no or some other filler, such as talc or gypsum. They are also suitable for gluing cellulosic materials such as cardboard, textile material, cardboard or chipboard or insulating boards or leather.
Im folgenden soll die Erfindung beispielshaft erläutert werden; die angegebenen Teile und Prozente beziehen sich auf das Gewicht, sofern nichts Anderes vermerkt ist.In the following the invention will be explained by way of example; the parts and percentages given relate to the weight, unless stated otherwise.
Es wird ein dem in der Beschreibung erwähnten älteren Vorschlag entsprechendes Leimungsmittel hergestellt (Patentanmeldung P 28 19 039.8).A sizing agent corresponding to the older proposal mentioned in the description is produced (patent application P 28 19 039.8).
146 Teile Triethylentetramin werden mit 569 Teilen Stearinsäure unter Stickstoff 5 h auf 180°C unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Dann wird unter gutem Rühren alles bei dieser Temperatur Flüchtige abdestilliert. Man läßt nun auf 95°C abkühlen und fügt eine Lösung von 90 Teilen Essigsäure in 5 210 Teilen Wasser, das auf ca. 90°C vorerhitzt wurde, unter gutem Rühren zu dem gebildeten basischen Amid hinzu. Es bildet sich eine Emulsion, die unter Rühren abgekühlt wird. Sie kann direkt als Leimungsmittel eingesetzt werden. Der Festgehalt beträgt ca. 10 %.146 parts of triethylene tetramine are heated with 569 parts of stearic acid under nitrogen at 180 ° C. under reflux for 5 h. Then, with good stirring, everything volatile is distilled off at this temperature. The mixture is then allowed to cool to 95 ° C. and a solution of 90 parts of acetic acid in 5,210 parts of water, which has been preheated to approx. 90 ° C., is added to the basic amide formed with thorough stirring. An emulsion is formed which is cooled with stirring. It can be used directly as a sizing agent. The fixed salary is approximately 10%.
170 Teile Stearinsäure werden aufgeschmolzen und mit 43,8 Teilen Triethylentetramin verrührt (Molverhältnis ca. 2 : 1). Dann wird unter N2 die Temperatur auf 190°C erhöht und alles Flüchtige abdestilliert. Nach 6 h ist eine Säurezahl von 1,9 erreicht. Der Schmelzbereich des Amids liegt bei 87 - 107°C.170 parts of stearic acid are melted and stirred with 43.8 parts of triethylenetetramine (molar ratio approx. 2: 1). Then the temperature is raised to 190 ° C. under N 2 and all volatiles are distilled off. After 6 h an acid number of 1.9 is reached. The melting range of the amide is 87 - 107 ° C.
480 Teile des basischen Amids werden bei 120°C aufgeschmolzen und dann mit 240 Teilen Wasser verrührt, wobei sich unter schwachem Rückfluß eine breiige Mischung bildet. Dann rührt man möglichst schnell 86,4 Teile Epichlorhydrin (ca. 0,67 Mol/Aminogruppe) hinzu und läßt 1 h unter schwachem Rückfluß rühren. Dann setzt man 1080 Teile Wasser hinzu und läßt eine weitere Stunde unter schwachem Rückfluß rühren. Nunmehr läßt man den erhaltenen Brei auf ca. 50°C abkühlen und setzt dann eine Lösung von 5,6 Teilen NaCl (0,5 % bez. auf Feststoff) in 967 Teilen Wasser hinzu. Man erhält eine bei Raumtemperatur dünnflüssige, ca. 20%ige Emulsion, die als Leimungsmittel verwendet wird.480 parts of the basic amide are melted at 120 ° C. and then stirred with 240 parts of water, a mushy mixture being formed under gentle reflux. Then 86.4 parts of epichlorohydrin (about 0.67 mol / amino group) are stirred in as quickly as possible and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour under gentle reflux. Then 1080 parts of water are added and the mixture is stirred for a further hour under gentle reflux. The slurry obtained is then allowed to cool to about 50 ° C. and a solution of 5.6 parts of NaCl (0.5% based on solids) in 967 parts of water is then added. An approximately 20% emulsion which is thin at room temperature and is used as a sizing agent is obtained.
201 Teile basisches Amid nach Beispiel 2 werden bei 120°C mit 3,7 Teilen Epichlorhydrin 30 Min. lang verrührt. Dann werden 1252 Teile auf ca. 95°C vorerhitztes Wasser hinzugesetzt, dann 32,3 Teile Epichlorhydrin. Man rührt 1,5 h bei schwachem Rückfluß, wobei eine dickflüssige Emulsion entsteht, die einen Feststoffgehalt von 16 % aufweist und auf ca. 30°C abgekühlt wird. Zur Herstellung einer dünnflüssigen Einstellung wird jetzt mit einer Lösung von 2,3 Teilen NaCl in 92 Teilen Wasser auf 15 % Feststoffgehalt verdünnt. Die Emulsion kann als Leimungsmittel eingesetzt werden.201 parts of basic amide according to Example 2 are stirred at 120 ° C. with 3.7 parts of epichlorohydrin for 30 minutes. Then 1252 parts of water preheated to approximately 95 ° C. are added, then 32.3 parts of epichlorohydrin. The mixture is stirred for 1.5 h at gentle reflux, a viscous emulsion having a solids content of 16% and being cooled to about 30 ° C. being formed. To produce a low viscosity setting, dilute to a 15% solids content with a solution of 2.3 parts of NaCl in 92 parts of water. The emulsion can be used as a sizing agent.
201,6 Teile basisches Amid nach Beispiel 2 werden bei 120°C mit 3,7 Teilen Epichlorhydrin 30 Min. verrührt. Dann setzt man 70 Teile Wasser und anschließend 32,3 Teile Epichlorhydrin hinzu und rührt bei 100 - 120°C 1 h. Anschließend setzt man 1182 Teile auf ca. 95°C vorerhitztes Wasser hinzu und rührt die gebildete Emulsion ca. 1 h unter schwachem Rückfluß. Man kühlt auf ca. 40°C ab und versetzt die breiige Emulsion mit einer Lösung von 1,2 Teilen NaCl in 92 Teilen Wasser, wobei eine dünnflüssige ca. 15%ige Leimungsmittelzubereitung entsteht.201.6 parts of basic amide according to Example 2 are stirred at 120 ° C. with 3.7 parts of epichlorohydrin for 30 minutes. Then 70 parts of water and then 32.3 parts of epichlorohydrin are added and the mixture is stirred at 100-120 ° C. for 1 hour. Then 1182 parts of water preheated to about 95 ° C. are added and the emulsion formed is stirred for about 1 hour under gentle reflux. The mixture is cooled to about 40 ° C. and a solution of 1.2 parts of NaCl in 92 parts of water is added to the pulpy emulsion, resulting in a thin, approx. 15% size preparation.
Als Beurteilungskriterium für die Leimungsmittel wird die sogenannte Tinten-Schwimmprobe benutzt: Man legt einen mit dem zu testenden Mittel ausgerüsteten Papierstreifen auf die Oberfläche einer mit Normtinte gemäß DIN 53 126 gefüllten Schale und prüft die Zeit, die vergeht, bis die Tinte auf die dem Betrachter zugekehrte Seite des aufgelegten Papiers durchschlägt. Dieser Test liefert bei standardisierter Durchführung eine sehr gute Beurteilungsmöglichkeit für verschiedene Leimungsmittel.The so-called ink float test is used as an assessment criterion for the sizing agents: one places a paper strip equipped with the agent to be tested on the surface of a bowl filled with standard ink in accordance with DIN 53 126 and checks the time it takes for the ink to reach the viewer the opposite side of the placed paper is punched through. This test provides a very good assessment option for different sizing agents when standardized.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel sind gegenüber den Reaktivleimungsmitteln des Standes der Technik nahezu unbegrenzt in wässriger Zubereitung lagerstabil und somit technisch vorteilhaft. Der Vergleich mit Harzleim (Leimungsmittel 1) zeigt als weiteren technischen Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel deren gute Wirksamkeit. Ein noch wesentlicherer Vorteil ergibt sich daraus, daß die Leimungsmittel auf alaunfreien und kreidehaltigen und gegebenenfalls Aufheller enthaltenden Papieren, auf denen Harzleim nur wenig wirksam ist, ihre gute Wirksamkeit entfalten. Die erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel werden daher auch beispielhaft auf alaunfreiem, kreidehaltigen Papier geprüft.The sizing agents according to the invention have an almost unlimited storage stability in aqueous preparation compared to the reactive sizing agents of the prior art and are therefore technically advantageous. The comparison with resin size (size 1) shows, as a further technical advantage of the sizes according to the invention, their good effectiveness. A an even more important advantage results from the fact that the sizing agents develop their good effectiveness on paper which is free from alum and contains chalk and possibly contains brighteners and on which resin glue is only slightly effective. The sizing agents according to the invention are therefore also tested, for example, on alum-free, chalk-containing paper.
In 200 ml Leitungswasser werden 5 g einer Mischung aus 50 g Fichten-Sulfitzellstoff, 50 g Buchen-Sulfatzellstoff und 25 g Kreide aufgeschlämmt. Dann werden x % des Leimungsmittels (Feststoff bezogen auf Zellstoff plus Füllstoff) hinzugerührt. Dann wird ohne Zusatz eines Fixiermittels mit Wasser auf ca. 1 Liter aufgefüllt und auf einem Blattbildner das Papierblatt hergestellt. Dieses wird abgesaugt, abgepresst und auf einem Trockenzylinder bei 100°C 5 Min. getrocknet. Aus dem Blatt werden für die Tintenschwimmprobe Streifen (2 cm x 6 cm) geschnitten und ausgeprüft.5 g of a mixture of 50 g of spruce sulfite pulp, 50 g beech sulfate pulp and 25 g chalk are slurried in 200 ml of tap water. Then x% of the sizing agent (solid based on pulp plus filler) is added. Then, without adding a fixative, make up to about 1 liter with water and make the paper sheet on a sheet former. This is suctioned off, pressed off and dried on a drying cylinder at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes. Strips (2 cm x 6 cm) are cut from the sheet and tested for the ink floating test.
Es wurden folgende tabellarisch aufgeführten Tintenschwimmzeiteh gefunden. Als Vergleich diente ein alaunhaltiges, mit handelsüblichem Harzleim geleimtes Prüfpapier.
Die Ergebnisse der Tintenschwimmprobe zeigen die deutlich bessere Leimungswirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Leimungsmittel auf kreidehaltigem Papier.The results of the ink float test show the significantly better sizing effect of the sizing agents according to the invention on chalk-containing paper.
Die Prüfung erfolgt wie in Beispiel 11, das Papier enthält jedoch Kaolin anstelle von Kreide. Man mißt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 10 Minuten.The test is carried out as in Example 11, but the paper contains kaolin instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 10 minutes is measured.
Die Prüfung erfolgt wie in Beispiel 9. Das Papier enthält jedoch Talkum anstelle von Kreide. Man mißt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 12 Minuten.The test is carried out as in Example 9. However, the paper contains talc instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 12 minutes is measured.
Die Prüfung erfolgt wie in Beispiel 10. Das Papier enthält jedoch Holzschliff anstelle von Buchen-Sulfatzellstoff. Man mißt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 11 Min.The test is carried out as in Example 10. However, the paper contains groundwood instead of beech sulfate pulp. An ink swim time of 11 minutes is measured.
Man stellt ein basisches Amid gemäß Beispiel 2 her, bei dessen Synthese jedoch das Molverhältnis Stearinsäure zu Amin jetzt bei 3:1 liegt.A basic amide is prepared according to Example 2, but in its synthesis the molar ratio of stearic acid to amine is now 3: 1.
Die Verarbeitung dieses Amides analog der Herstellung von Leimungsmittel A,B oder C führt zu Emulsionen, die bei Einsatzmengen gemäß Beispiel 5-11 von weniger als 1 % Tintenschwimmzeiten unter 2 Min. erbringen und als ungeeignet anzusehen sind.Processing this amide analogously to the production of sizing agents A, B or C leads to emulsions which, when used in accordance with Example 5-11, have less than 1% ink swimming times of less than 2 minutes and are to be regarded as unsuitable.
Eine Mischung von 710 Teilen Stearinsäure und 189 Teilen Tetraethylenpentamin (Molverh. ca. 2,5:1) wird analog Beispiel 2 zum Amid umgesetzt. Die Säurezahl beträgt 3,8, das Schmelzintervall 65-66°C.A mixture of 710 parts of stearic acid and 189 parts of tetraethylene pentamine (mol. Ratio approx. 2.5: 1) is converted into the amide analogously to Example 2. The acid number is 3.8, the melting interval 65-66 ° C.
240 Teile des Amids werden bei ca. 100°C mit 120 Teilen Wasser und 65 Teilen Epichlorhydrin (ca. 1 Mol/Aminogruppe) 1 h gerührt. Dann setzt man 593 Teile Wasser hinzu und rührt eine weitere Stunde bei schwachem Rückfluß. Dann setzt man 305 Teile Wasser hinzu und läßt unter Rühren auf ca. 45°C abkühlen. Zur Herstellung einer dünnflüssigen Emulsion wird dann mit einer Lösung von 1,5 Teilen NaCl in 203 Teilen Wasser auf einen Feststoffgehalt von ca. 18 % verdünnt. Diese Emulsion wird als Leimungsmittel eingesetzt.240 parts of the amide are stirred at 120 ° C. with 120 parts of water and 65 parts of epichlorohydrin (approx. 1 mol / amino group) for 1 hour. Then 593 parts of water are added and the mixture is stirred for a further hour with gentle reflux. Then 305 parts of water are added and the mixture is left with stirring Cool to approx. 45 ° C. To produce a low-viscosity emulsion, a solution of 1.5 parts of NaCl in 203 parts of water is then diluted to a solids content of approximately 18%. This emulsion is used as a sizing agent.
Eine gemäß Beispiel 9-11 durchgeführte Leimungsprüfung ergibt bei 0,45 % Einsatzmenge eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 16 Min.A sizing test carried out according to Example 9-11 results in an ink floating time of 16 minutes at 0.45%.
Die folgenden Beispiele werden nunmehr mit technischen Aminen durchgeführt:
Aus diesen Aminen E - K wird gemäß Beispiel 2 mit gleicher Rezeptur das basische Amid hergestellt.The basic amide is prepared from these amines E-K according to Example 2 using the same recipe.
Die Weiterverarbeitung der Amide, deren Säurezahlen sämtlich unter 5 liegen, geschieht in folgender Weise:
- 201,6 Teile Amid werden bei 120°C geschmolzen, dann unter Abkühlung auf 80°C mit 1252 Teilen heißem Wasser verrührt. Die gebildete Suspension wird bei 80°C mit 36 Teilen Epichlorhydrin versetzt und dann 2 h bei 80°C gerührt, wobei sich eine feinteilige Suspension bildet.
- 201.6 parts of amide are melted at 120 ° C., then stirred with 1252 parts of hot water while cooling to 80 ° C. 36 parts of epichlorohydrin are added to the suspension formed at 80 ° C. and the mixture is then stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours, a finely divided suspension being formed.
Dann wird die Temperatur auf.ca. 40°C gesenkt und das breiige Material unter gutem Rühren mit einer Lösung von 1,15 Teilen NaCl in 92 Teilen Wasser versetzt. Es bildet sich eine dünnflüssige feinteilige Suspension, die einen Feststoffgehalt von ca. 15 % hat und als Leimungsmittel E - K verwendbar ist.Then the temperature will rise to approx. Lowered 40 ° C and the pulpy material with good stirring with a solution of 1.15 parts of NaCl in 92 parts of water. A thin, liquid, fine suspension is formed which has a solids content of approx. 15% and can be used as a sizing agent E - K.
Es wurden folgende tabellarisch aufgeführten Tintenschwimmzeiten gefunden. Als Vergleich diente ein alaunhaltiges, mit handelsüblichem Harzleim (Leimungsmittel 1) geleimtes Prüfpapier.
Die Ergebnisse der Tintenschwimmprobe zeigen deutlich die gute Leimungswirkung der erfindungsgemäßen mit technischen Amingemischen hergestellten Leimungsmittel auf kreidehaltigem Papier.The results of the ink float test clearly show the good sizing effect of the sizing agents according to the invention produced with technical amine mixtures on chalk-containing paper.
Die Prüfung erfolgt wie in Beispiel 24, das Papier enthält jedoch Kaolin anstelle von Kreide. Man mißt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 12 Minuten.The test is carried out as in Example 24, but the paper contains kaolin instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 12 minutes is measured.
Die Prüfung erfolgt wie in Beispiel 23. Das Papier enthält jedoch Talkum anstelle von Kreide. Man mißt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 12 Minuten.The test is carried out as in Example 23. However, the paper contains talc instead of chalk. An ink swim time of 12 minutes is measured.
Die Prüfung erfolgt wie in Beispiel 24. Das Papier enthält jedoch Holzschliff anstelle von Buchen-Sulfatzellstoff. Man mißt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 11 Minuten.The test is carried out as in Example 24. However, the paper contains groundwood instead of beech sulfate pulp. An ink swim time of 11 minutes is measured.
994 Teile Stearinsäure (3,5 Mol) werden mit 206 Teilen technischem Diethylentriamin (ca. 2 Mol) unter Rühren und Abdestillieren des Reaktionswassers unter N2 6 h bei 200°C umgesetzt. Man erhält ca. 1115 Teile Amid, Schmelzpunkt 87-980C, Säurezahl 1,5.994 parts of stearic acid (3.5 mol) are reacted with 206 parts of technical diethylenetriamine (approx. 2 mol) with stirring and distilling off the water of reaction under N 2 at 200 ° C. for 6 h. Approx obtained 1,115 parts of amide, mp 87-98 0 C, acid number 1.5.
201,6 Teile des basischen Amids werden auf 120°C gebracht, dann setzt man 1250 Teile 80°C warmes Wasser hinzu und rührt 30 Minuten bei 80°C. Nach Zusatz von 36 Teilen Epichlorhydrin wird 2 h bei 80°C quaterniert und dann nach Abkühlung auf 350C mit einer Lösung von 1,15 Teilen NaCl in 92 Teilen Wasser versetzt. Die entstandene dünnflüssige Emulsion ist anschließend als Leimungsmittel einsetzbar.201.6 parts of the basic amide are brought to 120 ° C., then 1250 parts of warm water at 80 ° C. are added and the mixture is stirred at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. After addition of 36 parts of epichlorohydrin quaternized 2 h at 80 ° C and then added after cooling to 35 0 C with a solution of 1.15 parts NaCl in 92 parts of water. The resulting low-viscosity emulsion can then be used as a sizing agent.
Die Leimungsprüfung wird analog Beispiel 21 - 25 durchgeführt und ergibt eine Tintenschwimmzeit von 18,5 Minuten.The sizing test is carried out analogously to Examples 21-25 and gives an ink floating time of 18.5 minutes.
Claims (8)
und die technischen Amine in Mengen von bis zu 80 Gew.-% Begleitstoffe enthalten können, die im wesentlichen aus cyclischen und/oder verzweigten Aminen bestehen, die etwa den gleichen technischen Siedebereich besitzen, die Amide mit 0,5 - 1 Äquivalent Epichlorhydrin (bezogen auf Aminogruppen im basischen Amid) in Gegenwart von Wasser quaterniert und dann gegebenenfalls mit weiterem Wasser auf eine gewünschte Feststoffkonzentration verdünnt.1) paper sizing agent, consisting of an aqueous preparation of quaternized basic fatty acid amides, characterized in that average di-basic amides of fatty acids with melting points above 30 0 C and amines of the general formula
can contain and the technical amines in amounts of up to 80 G ew .-% related substances, which consist essentially of cyclic and / or branched amines, which have approximately the same technical boiling range, the amides with 0,5 - 1 equivalent of epichlorohydrin ( based on amino groups in the basic amide) quaternized in the presence of water and then optionally diluted with further water to a desired solids concentration.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782838270 DE2838270A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1978-09-01 | SIZE FOR PAPER |
| DE2838270 | 1978-09-01 | ||
| DE19782856858 DE2856858A1 (en) | 1978-12-30 | 1978-12-30 | Aq. paper sizing agents - by quaternising a basic amide of a fatty acid and a poly:alkylene poly:amine with epichlorohydrin |
| DE2856858 | 1978-12-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0008761A1 true EP0008761A1 (en) | 1980-03-19 |
| EP0008761B1 EP0008761B1 (en) | 1981-11-04 |
Family
ID=25775609
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79103153A Expired EP0008761B1 (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1979-08-27 | Paper sizing agent and paper sized therewith |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0008761B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1152243A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2961254D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES483786A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI792701A7 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO792679L (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530945A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-07-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Pigment grinding vehicle |
| EP0201761A1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-20 | Bayer Ag | Use of basic amides for increasing the porosity in paper or paper-like materials |
| US4833188A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-05-23 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Hydrophobic and oleophobic finishes |
| US4906413A (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1990-03-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Diquaternary ammonium salts and the use thereof as textile finishing agents |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1012165B (en) * | 1951-04-18 | 1957-07-11 | American Cyanamid Co | Method for gluing paper |
-
1979
- 1979-08-16 NO NO792679A patent/NO792679L/en unknown
- 1979-08-27 DE DE7979103153T patent/DE2961254D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-27 EP EP79103153A patent/EP0008761B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-30 CA CA000334775A patent/CA1152243A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-30 FI FI792701A patent/FI792701A7/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-08-31 ES ES483786A patent/ES483786A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1012165B (en) * | 1951-04-18 | 1957-07-11 | American Cyanamid Co | Method for gluing paper |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530945A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-07-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Pigment grinding vehicle |
| EP0201761A1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-20 | Bayer Ag | Use of basic amides for increasing the porosity in paper or paper-like materials |
| US4906413A (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1990-03-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Diquaternary ammonium salts and the use thereof as textile finishing agents |
| US4833188A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-05-23 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Hydrophobic and oleophobic finishes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI792701A7 (en) | 1980-03-02 |
| CA1152243A (en) | 1983-08-16 |
| NO792679L (en) | 1980-03-04 |
| EP0008761B1 (en) | 1981-11-04 |
| ES483786A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 |
| DE2961254D1 (en) | 1982-01-14 |
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