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EP0003000A1 - Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer - Google Patents

Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003000A1
EP0003000A1 EP78810027A EP78810027A EP0003000A1 EP 0003000 A1 EP0003000 A1 EP 0003000A1 EP 78810027 A EP78810027 A EP 78810027A EP 78810027 A EP78810027 A EP 78810027A EP 0003000 A1 EP0003000 A1 EP 0003000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
pot
gas
fuel
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78810027A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0003000B1 (de
Inventor
Herbert Hazard
Vincenzo Recchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0003000A1 publication Critical patent/EP0003000A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0003000B1 publication Critical patent/EP0003000B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/404—Flame tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon

Definitions

  • the flame resulting from the combustion of a fluid fuel in the presence of a gas whose oxygen concentration is significantly lower than that of air becomes much less stable.
  • the liquid fuel pulverized in this swirling flow is subjected, by this fact, to centrifugal forces, so that fuel droplets are projected against the wall of the chamber combustion. Since the temperature of this wall is lower than the final distillation temperature of the pulverized fuel, a deposit of coke and soot is formed at the outlet of the burner.
  • burners for fluid fuels the outlet of which opens into a flame pot placed in the combustion chamber.
  • the purpose of these flame pots is to avoid contact of the fuel with the walls of the combustion chamber cooled from the outside and to limit most of the combustion process to a reduced space in which the temperature can reach a higher level.
  • This is notably the case of US patents 3,319,692, 2,606,604 and 40,414,639 as well as DE-OS 2,250,766 in which the wall of the flame pot is metallic, while in US patents 2,806,517 and FR 2.226.056 the pots are made of refractory material.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy, at least in part, the above-mentioned drawbacks.
  • the subject of the invention is a combustion head intended for a combustion chamber and comprising a nozzle for injecting a fluid fuel, in particular liquid, connected to a source of this fuel under pressure and a conduit for supply of a gas connected to a gas source under pressure containing oxygen, the downstream end of which opens into a generally cylindrical combustion space.
  • This combustion head is characterized in that the communication opening between said duct and said space is dimensioned to create a pressure drop during the passage of said gas, comprised between 75 and 150 mm of water column, that the diameter of this space is between 2 and 6 times the diameter of said opening, a disc is disposed at the outlet of said combustion space, r at a distance between 3.5 and 5.5 times the diameter of said opening, and that the diameter of this disc is chosen to create a pressure drop of between 15 and 50 mm of water column, at the outlet of said combustion space.
  • the single figure of the appended drawing illustrates, schematically and by way of example, a combustion head according to the invention, seen in axial section, mounted at the inlet of a combustion chamber.
  • the combustion head illustrated comprises all the elements of a burner, namely, a fuel injection nozzle 1, arranged coaxially in a supply duct 2 of a mixture of air and combustion gases.
  • This duct 2 constitutes the outlet of a spiral cover 3 fixed to the cover 4 of a combustion chamber 5 and ends in this combustion chamber by a cylindrical pot 6 constituting the combustion head proper, about which additional details will be given later.
  • a fixed blade 7, forming a crown, can be arranged at the outlet of the spiral cover 3.
  • the inclination of this blade is chosen to impart, to the mixture of oxygen-carrying gas introduced into the combustion chamber 5, a slight helical movement called "swirl" defined by a number.
  • This number of "swirls" G 4 / rG x is given by the ratio between the flow of angular momentum G, communicated to the gas and the product of the radius of the distribution opening of the burner r by the flux of axial momentum G.
  • This number x is preferably chosen to be less than 0.2 and in all cases less than the threshold from which a toroidal vortex is created under the effect of the swirl.
  • the mixture of oxygen-carrying gas can be introduced into the cylindrical pot 6 without any helical innovation.
  • the duct 2 going from the vanes 7 to the nozzle 1 can be divided in two by a partition 9, and the vanes 7, on either side of this partition 9, can be inclined in opposite direction from each other, so as to form two flows animated by helical movements of opposite directions, which mix at the time of being injected into the pot 6.
  • These two helical flows tend to cancel out by mixing. Therefore, it is quite possible to significantly exceed the number of swirls of 0.2 indicated previously, for each flow, the total number of swirls should then not exceed approximately 0.2 to 0.3.
  • This variant has the advantage of creating an additional mixture when the two flows are combined.
  • the pot 6 in which most of the combustion takes place has an inlet opening 6a as well as an annular outlet opening 6b formed around a disc 6c, fixed concentrically to the cylindrical pot 6 by radial arms 6d.
  • the dimensions of the various elements of the cylindrical pot 6 are important for obtaining a combustion practically free of soot and of CO, operating with an excess of air of 5 to 15% and a recirculation of approximately 50% of the gases. exhaust, and so that combustion is stable, that there is no deposit of coke and that ignition is easy.
  • the oxygen-carrying gas introduced into the cylindrical pot 6 must be driven at a high speed in order to produce a high level of turbulence necessary for obtaining intense combustion.
  • Tests have shown that the diameter of opening 6a must be dimensioned to produce a pressure drop of 75 to 150 mm of water column. Below this limit, combustion is poor and beyond, ignition is difficult.
  • the pot can be sized from the diameter of the opening 6a. Its length must be chosen between 3.5 and 5.5 times this diameter. In fact this length is chosen so that the central body I of the gas flow introduced into the pot 6 does not touch the disc 6c. However, the length of this central body is of the order of 4 to 5 times the diameter of the opening 6a depending on the amount of swirl. If the disc 6c is too close to the opening 6a, the body I of the injected cold gas meeting this disc extends radially outwards from the latter while cooling it. If, on the contrary, the disc 6c is placed too far from the opening 6a, the flame becomes unstable. At the optimal position of the disc, the flame is stable and the disc is hot enough to avoid the formation of carbon or coke deposits.
  • This disc 6c is not necessarily placed at the end of the pot 6. It can be either slightly inside or outside this pot 6, depending on the shape that one wishes to give to the flame coming out of the pot 6 through the annular opening 6b.
  • this annular opening 6b is chosen to induce recirculation behind the disc 6c so to ensure the combustion of residual fuel and to reach CO levels as low as possible.
  • the diameter of the disc 6c is chosen so that the annular opening generates a pressure drop of the order of 15 to 30 mm of water column.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical portion of this pot 6 is between 2 and 6 times the diameter of the opening 6a.
  • the figure in the drawing shows the different flow modes in the cylindrical pot 6 as well as at the outlet of this pot.
  • the angle of the fuel spraying cone II is preferably between 60 and 95 degrees.
  • a recirculation III is formed around a turbulent zone IV surrounding the central body I of the air jet.
  • This recirculation III makes it possible to heat the wall of the cylindrical pot 6 to a temperature of 600 0 to 800 0 , at which the pot becomes bright red, a temperature which is higher than the final temperature of the distillation curve of a light fuel oil. , so that no deposit by accumulation of coke can occur.
  • This annular recirculation III also has the effect of bringing the combustion products to the base of the air jet leaving the orifice 6a, thereby improving the stability of the flame.
  • this recirculation III in the form of a toroidal vortex has a direction of rotation, indicated by arrows, contrary to the direction of rotation which would be induced by an intense swirl.
  • This direction of rotation is important, since, in the case of the jet, the direction of rotation induced causes a recirculation of the hot combustion gases which heat the wall of the pot 6.
  • the opposite direction of rotation to that illustrated sends cold gases leaving the opening 6a against the wall of the pot 6, hence the formation of carbon and coke deposits.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP78810027A 1977-12-23 1978-12-04 Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer Expired EP0003000B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1597477A CH617998A5 (de) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23
CH15974/77 1977-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003000A1 true EP0003000A1 (de) 1979-07-11
EP0003000B1 EP0003000B1 (de) 1981-08-05

Family

ID=4413484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78810027A Expired EP0003000B1 (de) 1977-12-23 1978-12-04 Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4225305A (de)
EP (1) EP0003000B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5494127A (de)
CA (1) CA1115200A (de)
CH (1) CH617998A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2860921D1 (de)
DK (1) DK577278A (de)
ES (1) ES476240A1 (de)
IT (1) IT7831195A0 (de)
NO (1) NO147615C (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431403A (en) * 1981-04-23 1984-02-14 Hauck Manufacturing Company Burner and method
FR2536505A1 (fr) * 1982-11-24 1984-05-25 Danfoss As Bruleur a gazeification pour combustibles liquides
US5466148A (en) * 1992-11-20 1995-11-14 Witteveen; Gustaaf J. Low NOX combustor
EP1363071A1 (de) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-19 Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH Brenner für ein Heizgerät
US10953643B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2021-03-23 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to form venting channels on a panel for a decorative layer

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5827616U (ja) * 1981-08-17 1983-02-22 三洋電機株式会社 燃焼装置
US4443182A (en) * 1981-11-10 1984-04-17 Hauck Manufacturing Company Burner and method
DE10019198A1 (de) * 2000-04-17 2001-10-18 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Zerstäuberbrenner
CA2688649C (en) * 2007-06-06 2013-01-15 North Carolina State University Process for combustion of high viscosity low heating value liquid fuels
US9982886B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2018-05-29 Honeywell International Inc. Flue gas recycle system with fixed orifices

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1014072A (fr) * 1950-03-08 1952-08-08 Chantier Et Ateliers De Saint Distributeur d'air à grande turbulence
US2606604A (en) * 1946-04-27 1952-08-12 Eureka Williams Corp Oil burner of the pressure type
US2806517A (en) * 1950-11-16 1957-09-17 Shell Dev Oil atomizing double vortex burner
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner
FR1595206A (de) * 1967-12-19 1970-06-08
DE2250766A1 (de) * 1972-10-17 1974-04-18 Volkswagenwerk Ag Brenner, insbesondere fuer fahrzeuge
FR2226056A5 (de) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Zink Co John
DE2365186A1 (de) * 1973-12-29 1975-07-10 Elco Oelbrennerwerk Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum russfreien verbrennen von fluessigen brennstoffen
FR2300964A1 (fr) * 1975-02-12 1976-09-10 Fascione Pietro Procede d'ali
US4014639A (en) * 1975-04-10 1977-03-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Recirculating vortex burner
FR2342462A1 (fr) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-23 Fascione Pietro Bruleur pour combustible fluide

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2242797A (en) * 1938-02-26 1941-05-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of and apparatus for burning fluid fuel
US3570242A (en) * 1970-04-20 1971-03-16 United Aircraft Corp Fuel premixing for smokeless jet engine main burner
US3648457A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-03-14 Gen Electric Combustion apparatus
US3749548A (en) * 1971-06-28 1973-07-31 Zink Co John High intensity burner
RO66212A2 (fr) * 1975-03-19 1978-04-15 Inst Pentru Creatie Stintific Procede de combustion et bruleurs pour combustible liquid
US4082495A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-04-04 Denis Lefebvre Flame retention head assembly

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2606604A (en) * 1946-04-27 1952-08-12 Eureka Williams Corp Oil burner of the pressure type
FR1014072A (fr) * 1950-03-08 1952-08-08 Chantier Et Ateliers De Saint Distributeur d'air à grande turbulence
US2806517A (en) * 1950-11-16 1957-09-17 Shell Dev Oil atomizing double vortex burner
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner
FR1595206A (de) * 1967-12-19 1970-06-08
DE2250766A1 (de) * 1972-10-17 1974-04-18 Volkswagenwerk Ag Brenner, insbesondere fuer fahrzeuge
FR2226056A5 (de) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Zink Co John
DE2365186A1 (de) * 1973-12-29 1975-07-10 Elco Oelbrennerwerk Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum russfreien verbrennen von fluessigen brennstoffen
FR2300964A1 (fr) * 1975-02-12 1976-09-10 Fascione Pietro Procede d'ali
US4014639A (en) * 1975-04-10 1977-03-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Recirculating vortex burner
FR2342462A1 (fr) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-23 Fascione Pietro Bruleur pour combustible fluide

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431403A (en) * 1981-04-23 1984-02-14 Hauck Manufacturing Company Burner and method
FR2536505A1 (fr) * 1982-11-24 1984-05-25 Danfoss As Bruleur a gazeification pour combustibles liquides
US5466148A (en) * 1992-11-20 1995-11-14 Witteveen; Gustaaf J. Low NOX combustor
EP1363071A1 (de) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-19 Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH Brenner für ein Heizgerät
US10953643B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2021-03-23 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to form venting channels on a panel for a decorative layer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO147615B (no) 1983-01-31
IT7831195A0 (it) 1978-12-21
JPS5494127A (en) 1979-07-25
DK577278A (da) 1979-06-24
NO784338L (no) 1979-06-26
ES476240A1 (es) 1979-10-01
NO147615C (no) 1983-05-11
CA1115200A (en) 1981-12-29
EP0003000B1 (de) 1981-08-05
CH617998A5 (de) 1980-06-30
US4225305A (en) 1980-09-30
DE2860921D1 (en) 1981-11-05

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