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EP0000309A1 - Hohlstrahlgenerator zur Erzeugung von längsschraubenförmigen Bahnen laufenden monokinetischen Elektronen - Google Patents

Hohlstrahlgenerator zur Erzeugung von längsschraubenförmigen Bahnen laufenden monokinetischen Elektronen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000309A1
EP0000309A1 EP78400033A EP78400033A EP0000309A1 EP 0000309 A1 EP0000309 A1 EP 0000309A1 EP 78400033 A EP78400033 A EP 78400033A EP 78400033 A EP78400033 A EP 78400033A EP 0000309 A1 EP0000309 A1 EP 0000309A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
axis
area
annular
barrel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78400033A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0000309B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Alirot
René Le Gardeur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0000309A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000309A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000309B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000309B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/07—Electron or ion guns producing a hollow cylindrical beam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques for injecting an electron beam into a resonant cavity or electromagnetic structure.
  • annular electron beam denotes in the following text any beam whose cross section is a crown comprised between two concentric circumferences. It is in any case very important, in this kind of energy production device, to be able to have a beam of monokinetic electrons at the output of the injector if one wants to obtain high yields of microwave power.
  • the present invention specifically relates to an injector of a tubular bundle of monokinetic electrons in helical orbits of a simple embodiment and which allows, by very easy adjustment, to obtain at will annular beams of monokinetic electrons whose l he thickness is variable at will in significant proportions and the angle of inclination of the helical trajectories of each electron relative to the axis of the corresponding helix can reach high values.
  • This injector is of the type which includes an annular electron gun in a vacuum chamber of revolution, and is mainly characterized by the fact that it further comprises electric coils capable of creating the effect cyclotron by a static magnetic field varying progressively and continuously along the axis of the injector from a value B 1 in the area of the barrel proper, usqu to a value B 3 in the narrowed exit area of the injector in passing through an intermediate value B 2 in the converging connection zone between said zone of. gun and said outlet zone, as well as a correcting electrode movably situated along the axis of the injector and brought to an electrical potential different from that of the extraction anode of said electron gun.
  • the correcting electrode located on the axis of the device inside the electronic annular beam, consists of an electrically conductive mass having an ovoid shape whose axis of symmetry merges with that of the injector. It only serves, by the potential to which it is brought, to ensure the modification. the configuration of the electric field lines prevailing in the injector. It is by varying both the axial position of this electrode as well as the positive or negative potential to which it is brought relative to the anode: extraction of the electron gun that we manage to modify the angle of inclination of the helices constituting the various trajectories of the electrons.
  • the magnetic fields B 1 and B 3 (or more exactly their axial component.) Which are applied respectively in the region of the anode of extraction of the electron gun and in the zone of exit of the injector can be of the same direction or opposite directions and it results from it completely different forms for the trajectories of the electrons in the annular zone which they fill.
  • each electron When the fields B 1 and B 3 (or more exactly their axial component) are in the same direction, each electron describes - under the cyclotron effect a particular helix whose axis is parallel to the axis of symmetry of the injector but located additionally in the annular zone covered by the beam. In other words, in this case, each electron describes a small helix whose diameter is equal to the annular thickness of the electron beam.
  • each electron described under the cyclotron effect a helix which eccentrically surrounds the axis of the injector. If in addition, in this mode. implementation, the beam is adjusted using the correcting electrode to obtain a minimum annular thickness, each electron then describes a particular helix whose axis practically coincides with the axis of the injector in this limiting case therefore, each electron describes a helix whose radius is almost equal to the radius of the tube bundle itself.
  • a system of coils placed on the 10 of the external wall of the vacuum enclosure of the injector are provided for producing, at the desired locations, the different static magnetic fields B 1 , B 2 and B 3 , the axial components vary continuously from the electron gun to the extraction zone at the exit of the device.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically the vacuum chamber 1 associated with a region 2 of interaction - beam electronic - electromagnetic field containing the cavity or resonant structure.
  • This vacuum chamber is revolutionary region II is a region of connection between region I and region III and has a generally concentric shape.
  • three coils referenced 5, 6 and 7 are used to create the static magnetic fields B 1 , B 2 and B 3 respectively in each of the zones I, II and III.
  • the electron gun 4 comprises an extraction anode 8 which produces an annular electron beam 9 whose velocities at their exit from the gun 4 are very concurrent, at the same point located on the axis 3, when, as it is the case of Figure 1, the outgoing beam is of generally conical converging shape.
  • the magnetic field B 1 generally of lower absolute value than the field B 3 in the region III has lines of force practically parallel to the velocities of the electrons of the beam 9 at the time of their exit from the barrel 4.
  • the field B 3 in the region III is practically uniform and its lines of force are parallel to the axis 3 of the injector. It is this field B 3 which acts on the tubular bundle 10 at its exit from the injector through the interaction zone 2, containing the cavity or resonant structure towards the target 11 and which causes the cyclotron effect according to which, in a well known manner, the different electrons of the beam travel in helical orbits around the direction of the magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field varies in amplitude and in direction so as to pass continuously from the value B 1 in the region I to the value B 3 in the region III.
  • the fields B 1 and B 3 are in opposite directions, there is therefore a point of region II in which the magnetic field is zero.
  • the correcting electrode 12 which allows, as will be seen below, to modify the shape of the trajectofres of the electrons.
  • This electrode consists of a metallic conductive mass whose shape is of little importance provided that it is of revolution around the axis 3.
  • This electrode 12 is brought to a potential V relative to the extraction anode 8 of the electron gun 4 and its longitudinal position along the axis 3 can be modified at will by translation along a opening is made in the wall of the vehicle enclosure. The potential and it is carried is, in most cases, imerfeur to the potential of acceleration of the electron beam by the gun 4.
  • the first embodiment of the injector of a tubular bundle of monokinetic electrons, object of the invention which will be done with reference to FIG. 1, relates to the case where the magnetic fields B 1 and B 3 have their axial component in opposite directions as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the trajectories of the different electrons are helices which surround the axis 3 of the injector eccentrically, These different trajectories are shown diagrammatically at 14 in the injector exit zone and the angle of inclination alpba of the propellers thus described by the electrons on axis 3 can reach high values close to 90 ° to the limit if necessary.
  • This angle alpha is made by acting on the various parameters of the system which are the potential V of the correcting electrode 12, the acceleration voltage of the electron gun 4, the beam current, as well as the various absolute values. and relative magnetic fields B 1 , B 2 and B 3 to each other.
  • the section of the tubular electron beam by the XY plane perpendicular to the axis 3 of the injector has the configuration shown in Figure 2a.
  • the different electron trajectories 14 are then relatively large diameter helices and the thickness e of the annular beam is large.
  • each helical trajectory such as 14 surrounds the axis 3 of the injector eccentrically, if from this operating position, the corrective electrode 12 is gradually brought to an increasing potential V, generally Lement positive, we obtain as shown in Figure 2b a gradual concentration of the annular beam whose thickness becomes e 'significantly less than the thickness e of Figure 2a.
  • V generally Lement positive
  • a beam is obtained, the cross section of which is shown in FIG. 2c with a maximum concentration, that is to say a beam whose thickness is practically negligible and of which all the electrons rotate practically around the axis 3 of the injector.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c A second embodiment of the injector of an annular beam of monokinetic electrons object of the invention is shown in Figure 3 where we find the same elements with the same reference numbers as those of Figure 1 but where the magnetic fields B 1 and B 3 have the same meaning at least as regards their axial component.
  • the angle of inclination alpha. propellers and trajectories relative to the axis 3 of the injector essentially depends on the potential V of the correcting electrode 12 as well as other parameters such as. gun acceleration voltage 4 and beam current and values'. absolute and relative magnetic fields B 1 , B 2 and B 3 between them.
  • the thickness e of the beam thus obtained depends on many factors, and in particular on the kinetic energy of the beam, of the field B 3 and of the angle of inclination alpha of the helix, itself under the dependence of the potential and of the position of the correcting electrode 12, and of the space charge due to the presence of the other electrons constituting the beam,
  • the position and the shape of the correcting electrode 12 certainly play a role which is not negligible but it is mainly the potential V to which it is brought which finally determines the angle of inclination alpha of the propeller which one wishes to obtain before the injection of the beam in the area d interaction 2, containing the cavity or electromagnetic structure.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP78400033A 1977-06-27 1978-06-23 Hohlstrahlgenerator zur Erzeugung von längsschraubenförmigen Bahnen laufenden monokinetischen Elektronen Expired EP0000309B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7719620 1977-06-27
FR7719620A FR2401508A1 (fr) 1977-06-27 1977-06-27 Injecteur d'electrons pour generateur hyperfrequence

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000309A1 true EP0000309A1 (de) 1979-01-10
EP0000309B1 EP0000309B1 (de) 1981-04-01

Family

ID=9192614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400033A Expired EP0000309B1 (de) 1977-06-27 1978-06-23 Hohlstrahlgenerator zur Erzeugung von längsschraubenförmigen Bahnen laufenden monokinetischen Elektronen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4199709A (de)
EP (1) EP0000309B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2860573D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2401508A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2514197A1 (fr) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-08 Varian Associates Tube micro-onde a faisceau lineaire reglable focalise par aimant permanent
FR2599188A1 (fr) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-27 Toshiba Kk Gyrotron
FR2637122A1 (fr) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-30 Thomson Csf Dispositif correcteur de trajectoires pour tube electronique

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2445611A1 (fr) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-25 Thomson Csf Generateur d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequence
GB2152741B (en) * 1980-04-28 1986-02-12 Emi Varian Ltd Producing an electron beam
US4362968A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Slow-wave wideband cyclotron amplifier
US4393332A (en) * 1980-09-05 1983-07-12 Varian Associates, Inc. Gyrotron transverse energy equalizer
FR2491256A1 (fr) * 1980-09-26 1982-04-02 Thomson Csf Accelerateur d'electrons et generateur d'ondes millimetriques et infra-millimetriques comportant un tel accelerateur
US4395655A (en) * 1980-10-20 1983-07-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High power gyrotron (OSC) or gyrotron type amplifier using light weight focusing for millimeter wave tubes
US4392078A (en) * 1980-12-10 1983-07-05 General Electric Company Electron discharge device with a spatially periodic focused beam
IL61759A (en) * 1980-12-18 1984-10-31 Elta Electronics Ind Ltd Electron gun for producing spiral electron beams and gyrotron devices including same
EP0058039B1 (de) * 1981-02-10 1985-02-20 Thorn Emi-Varian Limited Gyrotron
US4513223A (en) * 1982-06-21 1985-04-23 Varian Associates, Inc. Electron tube with transverse cyclotron interaction
US4523127A (en) * 1983-02-02 1985-06-11 Ga Technologies Inc. Cyclotron resonance maser amplifier and waveguide window
US4562380A (en) * 1983-06-13 1985-12-31 Raytheon Company Tilt-angle electron gun
JP2893457B2 (ja) * 1989-07-11 1999-05-24 栄胤 池上 高輝度電子ビーム発生方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB555527A (en) * 1941-01-24 1943-08-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to telephone subsets
US2959706A (en) * 1958-06-23 1960-11-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2975317A (en) * 1959-04-07 1961-03-14 Univ California Beam control device
GB872170A (en) * 1956-11-10 1961-07-05 Ferranti Ltd Improvements relating to electron-beam discharge tubes
US3226595A (en) * 1960-03-31 1965-12-28 Rca Corp Low noise electron gun
US3363138A (en) * 1964-11-04 1968-01-09 Sperry Rand Corp Electron beam-plasma device operating at multiple harmonics of beam cyclotron frequency
US3389347A (en) * 1966-09-08 1968-06-18 Army Usa Microwave noise generator
US3391349A (en) * 1965-06-18 1968-07-02 Forsvarets Forsknings Microwave oscillator having a delay line surrounding the interaction chamber
DE1286647B (de) * 1956-02-24 1969-01-09 Varian Associates Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem fuer Hochleistungsverstaerkerklystrons
DE1491318A1 (de) * 1964-08-26 1969-04-17 Csf Elektronenkanone

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2812467A (en) * 1952-10-10 1957-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam system
US2843776A (en) * 1953-03-30 1958-07-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube electron gun
BE547097A (de) * 1955-06-10
US3072817A (en) * 1959-06-19 1963-01-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US3102211A (en) * 1959-08-19 1963-08-27 Varian Associates Adiabatic beam condenser method and apparatus
US2999959A (en) * 1960-04-04 1961-09-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US3183399A (en) * 1960-05-31 1965-05-11 Varian Associates Traveling wave interaction device
US3316439A (en) * 1963-10-17 1967-04-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam device

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB555527A (en) * 1941-01-24 1943-08-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to telephone subsets
DE1286647B (de) * 1956-02-24 1969-01-09 Varian Associates Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem fuer Hochleistungsverstaerkerklystrons
GB872170A (en) * 1956-11-10 1961-07-05 Ferranti Ltd Improvements relating to electron-beam discharge tubes
US2959706A (en) * 1958-06-23 1960-11-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2975317A (en) * 1959-04-07 1961-03-14 Univ California Beam control device
US3226595A (en) * 1960-03-31 1965-12-28 Rca Corp Low noise electron gun
DE1491318A1 (de) * 1964-08-26 1969-04-17 Csf Elektronenkanone
US3363138A (en) * 1964-11-04 1968-01-09 Sperry Rand Corp Electron beam-plasma device operating at multiple harmonics of beam cyclotron frequency
US3391349A (en) * 1965-06-18 1968-07-02 Forsvarets Forsknings Microwave oscillator having a delay line surrounding the interaction chamber
US3389347A (en) * 1966-09-08 1968-06-18 Army Usa Microwave noise generator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2514197A1 (fr) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-08 Varian Associates Tube micro-onde a faisceau lineaire reglable focalise par aimant permanent
FR2599188A1 (fr) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-27 Toshiba Kk Gyrotron
FR2637122A1 (fr) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-30 Thomson Csf Dispositif correcteur de trajectoires pour tube electronique
EP0362021A1 (de) * 1988-09-23 1990-04-04 Thomson-Csf Vorrichtung für eine Flugbahnkorrektur in einer Elektronenröhre
US5032763A (en) * 1988-09-23 1991-07-16 Thomson-Csf Trajectory correcting device for electron tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2401508B1 (de) 1981-07-24
US4199709A (en) 1980-04-22
FR2401508A1 (fr) 1979-03-23
DE2860573D1 (en) 1981-04-23
EP0000309B1 (de) 1981-04-01

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