EP0091175A1 - Method for the safe storage of dangerous materials endangering persons and/or the environment, and appropriate shielding casing - Google Patents
Method for the safe storage of dangerous materials endangering persons and/or the environment, and appropriate shielding casing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0091175A1 EP0091175A1 EP83200482A EP83200482A EP0091175A1 EP 0091175 A1 EP0091175 A1 EP 0091175A1 EP 83200482 A EP83200482 A EP 83200482A EP 83200482 A EP83200482 A EP 83200482A EP 0091175 A1 EP0091175 A1 EP 0091175A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective cover
- filling
- container
- wall
- storage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010826 pharmaceutical waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
- G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the safe storage of dangerous material that is hazardous to humans and / or the environment, in particular radioactive waste and other radiation-active waste material, toxins and chemical and pharmaceutical waste that is harmful to humans and / or the environment.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for the safe storage of dangerous material which is dangerous to humans and / or the environment, in particular radioactive waste and other radiation-active material, toxic substances and other chemical waste or pharmaceutical waste which is harmful to the environment enables and avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.
- the method according to the invention enables safe handling and storage of the dangerous material and its later reuse as a source of raw materials.
- the encased containers can be placed on pallets in the underground gallery, and at least the part of the gallery in which the dangerous material is stored can be filled with a filling compound that essentially fills all cavities and increases storage security.
- the part of the gallery in which the dangerous material is stored can be closed by means of a wall, preferably a reinforced concrete wall, which preferably has at least one opening through which at least a part of the filling compound filling the cavities and increasing the security of the storage is introduced into the part of the gallery to be closed, and that this opening or openings is or are closed after the aforementioned filling compound has been introduced.
- a wall preferably a reinforced concrete wall, which preferably has at least one opening through which at least a part of the filling compound filling the cavities and increasing the security of the storage is introduced into the part of the gallery to be closed, and that this opening or openings is or are closed after the aforementioned filling compound has been introduced.
- the invention comprises a protective cover suitable for the above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that the interior of the protective cover is dimensioned so large that after the container containing the dangerous material has been introduced between the container and the inner wall of the protective cover, an intermediate space essentially surrounding the container remains in which, if necessary, an interstice filling which increases safety during handling and / or storage can be introduced, and that spacers are provided which ensure a desired distance of the container from the inner wall of the protective cover.
- a radiation protection, insulating and / or sealing compound, compressed air and / or compressed gas is preferably used as a space filling.
- the protective cover according to the invention is designed as a prefabricated, preferably two-part hollow body, which consists of two screwable halves, and in particular made of highly resistant ceramic, glass, e.g. Lead or quartz glass, multilayered and reinforced by means of fibers and / or vinyl interlayers. It can also be advantageous to manufacture the protective cover according to the invention from plastic, preferably in multiple layers, reinforced by means of fibers and / or reinforcing layers.
- spaced rings can be used as spacers, which can be pushed onto the barrel from the front sides of the barrel until they rest against a barrel ring.
- the present invention enables storage that allows the later use of the stored material as a raw material source.
- the majority of the current waste which is primarily responsible for the destruction of vital human resources, is basically not waste in the conventional sense, but depending on the progress of research and development, again as raw materials for future products Can be used if they are stored according to the inventive method.
- the invention permits earthquake and catastrophe-proof storage, thus safe for us and our descendants, in a gallery or on the sea floor.
- the costs are in no way higher than the current costs of "disposal".
- a decommissioned coal or other mine can be used to store the waste, which is then used as a deposit for future raw materials.
- Such bearings have many advantages. Unemployment / emigration rates are highest in these areas. Mine and underground workers are known. The tunnels are often very deep, so that possible groundwater contamination can be excluded. Additional radiation protection is also guaranteed. Although closed, it can be expected that most tunnels will still be accessible or can be made accessible with less effort and less costs than for a new construction. Road and rail connections are available. By gradually filling and securing the tunnels, future subsidence and the associated damage are avoided.
- Standardized 50 kg barrels will preferably be used for both chemical and radioactive waste or future raw materials.
- Two types of barrels can be provided, for solids with a removable lid ring with closure and for liquid ones Fabrics with a very flat fill valve. Both barrels should preferably no longer be opened after the filling process has ended.
- the producer of the waste should be required to give precise chemical names of its waste. Depending on the hazard class, he then receives the appropriate barrels coated on the inside. Furthermore, depending on the hazard class and product, the barrels should be given a number code and the corresponding internal protective coatings on the barrels should be clearly defined. This code numbers should by all parties to storage and tunnels - used numbering.
- the barrels are preferably provided with a lead film attached to the inside, which can be reinforced by means of epoxy resin compounds according to DE-OS 1801578 and DE-OS 2134811 in order to prevent pressure points.
- these barrels have a lid ring closure to prevent unauthorized opening by unauthorized persons.
- tunnels On the basis of the tunnel and soil procurement plans, those tunnels should be identified and divided into which the dangerous and less dangerous materials are to be placed for final storage. These tunnels are recorded on the map and are given the same code number as the code number on the barrels that are stored there. In this way, warehouses are always made of the same material, so that when the time comes that the stored waste should in turn be used as new raw materials, these warehouses can be cleared and used for new waste products.
- valve on the drums with liquid waste is pulled out using a special tool, liquid is removed and a new valve is inserted.
- the seal consists of prefabricated ceramic, glass or plastic containers, the latter made of plexiglass in layers, possibly vinyl reinforced or polyester compounds.
- the thread of the screw connection of the two halves of the protective cover should be chosen to be long enough to compensate for the tolerances in the dimensions of the barrels or the interior of the protective cover.
- valve through which compressed air can be introduced into the barrels with chemical content or the insulating material for the barrels with uranium or radiation waste.
- the disposal plant Special containers (20 ft) provided for transportation. Until they are sealed by the waste disposal facility, the waste remains under guard in these special containers, even on the disposal site.
- 20 ft container consists of the conventional construction. The outside must be kept neutral. The inside consists of a steel cladding, for example V2a steel, on which a lead foil is glued using epoxy resin. The exposed surface of the lead foil is coated with epoxy resin in order to prevent decomposition and damage to the lead foil.
- the air present in the interstice can either be sucked off via the valve for filling the filling compound or an additional ventilation valve can be provided through which the air can escape when the filling compound is filled in.
- the valves are sealed tight after the space has been filled.
- the drums which are now prepared and marked with code numbers, are separated according to the hazard class and placed in tunnels, each of which has the same code number.
- the following measures are necessary: In the individual tunnels there should always be one after stacking a certain number of barrels reinforced concrete protective wall. Openings for the passage of a pressure hose are left in this wall. After the concrete wall has hardened, concrete mixture is then injected under pressure through the openings which are kept free, filling up all cavities and thus ensuring total solidification of the stud is achieved.
- This process additionally protects uranium waste against theft and terrorist attacks.
- the cylindrical protective cover is generally designated 1 and consists of the two halves 2 and 3, which can be screwed together by means of a thread 4.
- the protective cover half 2 is provided with a valve 5.
- a cylindrical barrel 6 with two barrel hoops 8 is arranged inside the protective cover, with an intermediate space 10 surrounding the barrel on all sides, which is fixed in position within the protective cover by means of two spacer rings 12.
- the spacer rings 12 are pushed over the ends of the barrel 6 and lie on the one hand on the barrel hoops 8 and on the other hand on annular contact surfaces 14 of the protective cover, which are formed in that the interior of the protective cover has a larger diameter in its central region than in the region of the two Has end faces. Openings 16 of the rings 12 enable the outer interstice parts to be filled.
- the protective cover as a one-piece hollow cylinder to which flat covers are attached, e.g. are welded on.
- the material could also be entered directly into the protective cover, i.e. without an inner container.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur sicheren Lagerung von geFährlichem, den Menschen und/oder die Umwelt gefährdendem Material, insbesondere radioaktive Abfallstoffe und anderes strahlungsaktives Abfallmaterial, Giftstoffe und den Menschen und/oder die Umwelt schädigende chemische Abfälle oder Arzneimittelabfälle.The present invention relates to a method for the safe storage of dangerous material that is hazardous to humans and / or the environment, in particular radioactive waste and other radiation-active waste material, toxins and chemical and pharmaceutical waste that is harmful to humans and / or the environment.
Seit vielen Jahren werden fast unkontrollierbar grosse Mengen von Schwermetallen, insbesondere Quecksilber, Kadmium usw. sowie Gift, insbesondere DDT usw., Salze, Laugen, Chemikalien (Benzole, Xylole, Toluole usw.) und Uranabfälle in Flüssen abgelassen oder in Seen, Meere und Ozeanen versenkt, teilweise auch vergraben, mit der Folge einer Verschmutzung des lebenswichtigen Grundwassers und von Bauland, von Ackern, Wiesen und Wäldern und einer allmählichen Vergiftung und Vernichtung der für den Erhalt der Menschheit wichtigen Nahrungsquellen des Landes und des Wassers. Die Einatmung der bereits vielfach verseuchten Luft belastet den Menschen schon mehr als zulässig. Aber die zusätzliche Benutzung von verseuchten Wasser- und Nahrungsquellen sind tödlich für Mensch und Tier.For many years, almost uncontrollably large amounts of heavy metals, especially mercury, cadmium etc. as well as poison, especially DDT etc., salts, alkalis, chemicals (benzenes, xylenes, toluenes etc.) and uranium waste have been discharged into rivers or into lakes, seas and The oceans are submerged, sometimes buried, resulting in pollution of the vital groundwater and building land, fields, meadows and forests, and a gradual poisoning and destruction of the country's and water's food sources, which are important for the preservation of humanity. Inhaling the air, which has already been contaminated many times, is more than a burden for people. But the additional use of contaminated water and food sources is deadly for humans and animals.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren.zu schaffen, dass eine sichere Lagerung von gefährlichem, den Menschen und/ oder die Umwelt gefährdendem Material, insbesondere radioaktiven Abfallstoffen und anderem Strahlungsaktiven Material, giftigen Stoffen und anderen, die Umwelt schädigenden chemischen Abfällen oder Arzneimitteilabfällen ermöglicht und das die vorgenannten Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for the safe storage of dangerous material which is dangerous to humans and / or the environment, in particular radioactive waste and other radiation-active material, toxic substances and other chemical waste or pharmaceutical waste which is harmful to the environment enables and avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass gefährliches Material mit jeweils gleicher oder gleichartiger Zusammensetzung in standardisierte Behälter, insbesondere Fässer, gefüllt wird, die mit einer Kennzeichnung versehen werden, aus der die Zusammensetzung und Gefährlichkeit des Materials ersichtlich ist, dass die gefüllten Behälter in Schutzhüllen gegeben werden, deren Innenraum so gross bemessen ist, dass nach Einbringung eines Behälters zwischen diesem und der Innenwand der Schutzhülle ein Zwischenraum verbleibt, der den Behälter im wesentlichen allseitig umgibt, dass dieser Zwischenraum gegebenenfalls mit einer die Sicherheit bei der Handhabung und/oder Lagerung erhöhenden Zwischenraumfüllung versehen wird, dass in der vorgenannten Weise umhüllte Behälter mit gefährlichem Material gleicher oder gleichartiger Zusammensetzung gruppenweise zusammengefasst unter Wasser oder in unterirdischen Stollen gelagert werden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that dangerous material, each with the same or similar composition, is filled into standardized containers, in particular barrels, which are provided with a label from which the composition and danger of the material can be seen, that the filled containers are in protective covers are given, the interior of which is dimensioned so large that, after a container has been introduced, an intermediate space remains between the latter and the inner wall of the protective sheath, which essentially surrounds the container on all sides, so that this intermediate space may increase safety during handling and / or storage Intermediate filling is provided that containers with dangerous material of the same or similar composition, encased in the above-mentioned manner, are stored in groups under water or in underground tunnels.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermöglicht eine sichere Handhabung und Lagerung des gefährlichen Materials und seine spätere Wiederverwendung als Rohstoffquelle.The method according to the invention enables safe handling and storage of the dangerous material and its later reuse as a source of raw materials.
Erfindungsgemäss können die umhüllten Behälter auf Paletten in den unterirdischen Stollen eingebracht werden, und mindestens der Teil des Stollens, in dem das gefährliche Material lagert, kann erfindungsgemäss mit einer im wesentlichen alle Hohlräume ausfüllenden, die Sicherheit der Lagerung erhöhenden Füllmasse ausgefüllt werden.According to the invention, the encased containers can be placed on pallets in the underground gallery, and at least the part of the gallery in which the dangerous material is stored can be filled with a filling compound that essentially fills all cavities and increases storage security.
Weiter kann erfindungsgemäss der Teil des Stollens, in dem das gefährliche Material lagert, mittels einer Mauer, vorzugsweise einer armierten Betonmauer, verschlossen werden, die vorzugsweise mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist, über die mindestens ein Teil der die Hohlräume ausfüllenden und die Sicherheit der Lagerung erhöhenden Füllmasse in den zu verschliessenden Teil des Stollens eingebracht wird, und dass diese Öffnung bzw. Öffnungen nach dem Einbringen der vorgenannten Füllmasse verschlossen wird, bzw. werden.Furthermore, according to the invention, the part of the gallery in which the dangerous material is stored can be closed by means of a wall, preferably a reinforced concrete wall, which preferably has at least one opening through which at least a part of the filling compound filling the cavities and increasing the security of the storage is introduced into the part of the gallery to be closed, and that this opening or openings is or are closed after the aforementioned filling compound has been introduced.
Die Erfindung umfasst eine für das obengenannte Verfahren geeignete Schutzhülle, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Innenraum der Schutzhülle so gross bemessen ist, dass nach Einbringung des das gefährliche Material enthaltenden Behälters zwischen diesem und der Innenwand der SChutzhülle ein den Behälter im wesentlichen allseitig umgebender Zwischenraum verbleibt, in dem gegebenenfalls eine die Sicherheit bei der Handhabung und/oder Lagerung erhöhende Zwischenraumfüllung einbringbar ist, und dass Abstandshälter vorgesehen sind, die einen gewünschten Abstand des Behälters von der Innenwand der Schutzhülle sicherzustellen.The invention comprises a protective cover suitable for the above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that the interior of the protective cover is dimensioned so large that after the container containing the dangerous material has been introduced between the container and the inner wall of the protective cover, an intermediate space essentially surrounding the container remains in which, if necessary, an interstice filling which increases safety during handling and / or storage can be introduced, and that spacers are provided which ensure a desired distance of the container from the inner wall of the protective cover.
Erfindungsgemäss dient vorzugsweise eine Strahlenschutz-, Isolier-und/oder Versieglungsmasse, Druckluft und/oder Druckgas als Zwischenraumfüllung.According to the invention, a radiation protection, insulating and / or sealing compound, compressed air and / or compressed gas is preferably used as a space filling.
Vorteilhafterweise wird die erfindungsgemässe Schutzhülle als vorgefertigter, vorzugsweise zweiteiliger Hohlkörper, der aus zwei verschraubbaren Hälften besteht, ausgebildet und insbesondere aus hochbeständiger Keramik, Glas, Z.B. Blei- oder Quarzglas, mehrschichtig und mittels Fasern und/ oder Vinylzwischenschichten verstärkt, hergestellt. Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, die erfindungsgemässe Schutzhülle aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise mehrschichtig, mittels Fäsern und/oder Armierungsschichten verstärkt, herzustellen.Advantageously, the protective cover according to the invention is designed as a prefabricated, preferably two-part hollow body, which consists of two screwable halves, and in particular made of highly resistant ceramic, glass, e.g. Lead or quartz glass, multilayered and reinforced by means of fibers and / or vinyl interlayers. It can also be advantageous to manufacture the protective cover according to the invention from plastic, preferably in multiple layers, reinforced by means of fibers and / or reinforcing layers.
Falls das gefährliche Material in tonnenförmige Behälter mit zwei oder mehr Tonnenreifen gefüllt wird, können als Abstandshalter mit Öffnungen versehene Ringe dienen, die von den Stirnseiten des Fasses jeweils bis zur Anlage an einen Fassring auf das Fass aufschiebbar sind.If the dangerous material is filled into barrel-shaped containers with two or more barrel tires, spaced rings can be used as spacers, which can be pushed onto the barrel from the front sides of the barrel until they rest against a barrel ring.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht eine Lagerung, die eine spätere Verwertung des eingelagerten Materials als Rohstoffquelle zulässt. Allgemein wird nicht beachtet, dass der Hauptanteil der jetzigen Abfälle, die hauptverantwortlich sind für die Vernichtung der lebensnotwendigen Quellen der Menschheit, im Grunde genommen keine Abfälle in dem herkömmlichen Sinne sind, sondern je nach Fortgang der Forschung und der Entwicklung wieder als Rohstoffe für zukünftige Produkte Verwendung finden können, wenn sie nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren gelagert werden.The present invention enables storage that allows the later use of the stored material as a raw material source. In general, no attention is paid to the fact that the majority of the current waste, which is primarily responsible for the destruction of vital human resources, is basically not waste in the conventional sense, but depending on the progress of research and development, again as raw materials for future products Can be used if they are stored according to the inventive method.
Die Erfindung lässt eine erdbeben- und katastrophensichere, somit für uns und unsere Nachkommen, gefahrlose Lagerung in einem Stollen oder auf dem Meeresboden zu. Die Kosten sind keinesfalls höher als die jetzt anfallenden Kosten der "Entsorgung".The invention permits earthquake and catastrophe-proof storage, thus safe for us and our descendants, in a gallery or on the sea floor. The costs are in no way higher than the current costs of "disposal".
Für die Lagerung der Abfälle kann ein stillgelegtes Kohlen- oder anderweitiges Bergwerk dienen, das dann als Lagerstätte für die zukünftigen Rohstoffe Verwendung findet. Derartige Lager haben viele Vorteile. In diesen Gebieten sind die Arbeitslosen-/Abwanderungsquoten am höchsten. Es sind minenbekannte Tag- und Untertag-Arbeitskräfte vorhanden. Die Stollen liegen vielfach in grosser Tiefe, so dass eine eventuelle Grundwasserverseuchung auszuschliessen ist. Zudem wird ein zusätzlicher Strahlenschutz gewährleistet. Obwohl stillgelegt, ist damit zu rechnen, dass die meisten Stollen noch zugänglich bzw. mit geringerem Aufwand und weniger Kosten als für eine Neuerstellung zugänglich zu machen sind. Strassen- und Gleisverbindungen sind vorhanden. Durch stufenweises Auffüllen und Befestigen der Stollen werden zukünftige Bodensenkungen und die damit verbundenen Schäden vermieden. Im allgemeinen sind genügend Flächen, wie alte Haldenplätze, vorhanden, um die benötigten Gebäude für die Verwaltung und die Schlussversiegelungsfabrik zu erstellen, und um die Vorsortierungsflächen für die einzelnen Produkte bis zur Einlagerung übersichtlich zu gestatten. Sehr oft sind auch noch Bauten vorhanden, die mit geringen Mitteln anzupassen sind. Bei einer Neuerstellung müssten weitläufige Bodenuntersuchungen vorgenommen werden, die viel Zeit und Geld kosten. Auch von einem stillgelegten Bergwerk sind diese Informationen, sowie sämtliche Bau- und Stollenpläne noch vorhanden, so dass bereits im voraus die jeweiligen günstigsten Stollen für die einwandfreie Lagerung nach Gefahrenklassen berechnet und computermässig erfasst werden können.A decommissioned coal or other mine can be used to store the waste, which is then used as a deposit for future raw materials. Such bearings have many advantages. Unemployment / emigration rates are highest in these areas. Mine and underground workers are known. The tunnels are often very deep, so that possible groundwater contamination can be excluded. Additional radiation protection is also guaranteed. Although closed, it can be expected that most tunnels will still be accessible or can be made accessible with less effort and less costs than for a new construction. Road and rail connections are available. By gradually filling and securing the tunnels, future subsidence and the associated damage are avoided. In general, there are enough areas, such as old stockpile spaces, to create the necessary buildings for the administration and the final sealing factory, and to allow the pre-sorting areas for the individual products to be clearly arranged until they are put into storage. Very often there are still buildings that can be adapted with little resources. In the event of a new construction, extensive ground investigations would have to be carried out, which would cost a lot of time and money. Even from a disused mine, this information, as well as all construction and tunnel plans, is still available, so that the cheapest tunnels for proper storage according to hazard classes can be calculated in advance and recorded by computer.
Sowohl für die chemischen als auch radioaktiven Abfallstoffe bzw. zukünftige Rohstoffe werden vorzugsweise standardisierte 50 Kg-Fässer Verwendung finden. Es können zwei Typen von Fässern vorgesehen werden, für Feststoffe mit abnehmbarem Deckelring mit Verschluss und für flüssige Stoffe mit sehr flachem Einfüllventil. Beide Fässer sind nach Beendigung des Abfüllvorganges vorzugsweise nicht mehr zu öffnen.Standardized 50 kg barrels will preferably be used for both chemical and radioactive waste or future raw materials. Two types of barrels can be provided, for solids with a removable lid ring with closure and for liquid ones Fabrics with a very flat fill valve. Both barrels should preferably no longer be opened after the filling process has ended.
Der Produzent der Abfälle sollte verpflichtet werden, genaue chemische Bezeichnungen seiner Abfallstoffe anzugeben. Er erhält dann, je nach gefahrenklasse, die entsprechenden innenseitig beschichteten Fässer. Ferner sollten die Fässer je nach gefahrenklasse und Produkt mit einem Nummern-Kode versehen, sowie die entsprechenden Innenschutzbeschichtigungen der Fässer eindeutig festgelegt werden. Dieser Nummern-Kode sollte von allen Beteiligten bis zur Einlagerung und Stollen-nummerierung verwendet werden.The producer of the waste should be required to give precise chemical names of its waste. Depending on the hazard class, he then receives the appropriate barrels coated on the inside. Furthermore, depending on the hazard class and product, the barrels should be given a number code and the corresponding internal protective coatings on the barrels should be clearly defined. This code numbers should by all parties to storage and tunnels - used numbering.
Bei radioaktiven, insbesondere Uranabfällen werden die Fässer vorzugsweise mit einer an der Innenseite angebrachten Bleifolie versehen,die mittels Epoxyharzverbindungen gemäss DE-OS 1801578 und DE-OS 2134811 verstärkt werden kann, um Druckstellen zu verhindern. Ausserdem verfügen diese Fässer über einen Deckel-Ringverschluss, um ein unerlaubtes Öffnen von Unbefugten zu verhindern.In the case of radioactive, in particular uranium, waste, the barrels are preferably provided with a lead film attached to the inside, which can be reinforced by means of epoxy resin compounds according to DE-OS 1801578 and DE-OS 2134811 in order to prevent pressure points. In addition, these barrels have a lid ring closure to prevent unauthorized opening by unauthorized persons.
Aufgrund der Stollen- und Bodenbeschaffungspläne sollten diejenigen Stollen ermittelt und unterteilt werden, in welche die gefährlichen und weniger gefährlichen Materialen zur endgültigen Einlagerung untergebracht werden sollen. Diese Stollen werden karteimässig erfasst und erhalten die gleiche Kode-Nummer wie die Kode-Nummer auf den Fässern, die dort eingelagert werden. Auf diese Weise entstehen Lager, immer aus dem gleichen Material, so dass, wenn die Zeit Kommt, dass die gelagerten Abfälle wiederum als neue Rohstoffe Verwendung finden sollen, diese Lager geräumt und für neue Abfallprodukte Verwendung finden können.On the basis of the tunnel and soil procurement plans, those tunnels should be identified and divided into which the dangerous and less dangerous materials are to be placed for final storage. These tunnels are recorded on the map and are given the same code number as the code number on the barrels that are stored there. In this way, warehouses are always made of the same material, so that when the time comes that the stored waste should in turn be used as new raw materials, these warehouses can be cleared and used for new waste products.
Bevor die Fässer endgültig versiegelt werden, müssen Stichproben zur Überprüfung des Inhaltes vorgenommen werden. Das Ventil bei den Fässern mit Flüssigem Abfall wird mittels eines Spezialwerkzeuges herausgezogen, Flüssigkeit entnommen und ein neues Ventil eingebracht.Before the barrels are finally sealed, random checks must be carried out to check the content. The valve on the drums with liquid waste is pulled out using a special tool, liquid is removed and a new valve is inserted.
Die Versiegelung besteht aus vorgefertigten Keramik-, Glas-oder Kunststoffbehältern, letztere aus Plexiglas in Schichten, eventuell vinylverstärkt oder Polyesterverbindüngen.The seal consists of prefabricated ceramic, glass or plastic containers, the latter made of plexiglass in layers, possibly vinyl reinforced or polyester compounds.
Das Gewinde der Verschraubung der beiden Hälften der Schutzhülle ist entsprechend lang zu wählen, um die Toleranzen in den Abmessungen der Fässer oder des Innenraumes der Schutzhüllen auszugleichen.The thread of the screw connection of the two halves of the protective cover should be chosen to be long enough to compensate for the tolerances in the dimensions of the barrels or the interior of the protective cover.
In einer der beiden Hälften der vorfabrizierten Schutzhülle befindet sich ein Ventil, durch das Druckluft bei den Fässern mit chemischem Inhalt oder die Isoliermasse für die Fässer mit Uran- bzw. Strahlungsabfällen eingebracht werden kann.In one of the two halves of the prefabricated protective cover there is a valve through which compressed air can be introduced into the barrels with chemical content or the insulating material for the barrels with uranium or radiation waste.
Ausser den Spezialfässern werden durch das Entsorgungswerk Spezialcontainer (20 ft) für den Transport zur Verfügung gestellt. Bis zum Versiegelung durch das Entsorgungswerk bleiben die Abfälle - auch auf dem Entsorgungsgelände - unter Bewachung in diesen Spezialcontainern. 20 ft-Container besteht aus der herkömmlichen Konstruktion. Die Aussenseite ist neutral zu halten. Die Innenseite besteht aus einer Stahlverkleidung, z.B. aus V2a-Stahl, auf dem mittels Epoxyharz eine Bleifolie aufgeklebt ist. Die freiliegende Oberfläche der Bleifolie wird mit Epoxyharz beschichtet, um eine Zersetzung und Beschädigung der Bleifolie auszuschliessen.In addition to the special barrels, the disposal plant Special containers (20 ft) provided for transportation. Until they are sealed by the waste disposal facility, the waste remains under guard in these special containers, even on the disposal site. 20 ft container consists of the conventional construction. The outside must be kept neutral. The inside consists of a steel cladding, for example V2a steel, on which a lead foil is glued using epoxy resin. The exposed surface of the lead foil is coated with epoxy resin in order to prevent decomposition and damage to the lead foil.
Bei Fässern mit Uran- bzw. Strahlungsabfällen bleibt der Vorgang der Präparierung wie bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Versiegelung der Fässer mit chemischem Abfall. Nur wird nach ca. 24 h in den Zwischenraum der Schutzhüllen eine radioaktive Strahlung-absorbierende, Blei enthaltende Epoxymasse gemäss DE-OS 1801578 in flüssigem Zustand unter Druck eingebracht. Durch Dauerversuche des Hahn-Meitner-Institutes in Berlin wurde für eine derartige Epoxymasse ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit und wirkungsvollen Schutz gegen Strahlungen nachgewiesen. Hinzu kommt, dass die Fässer bereits über einen von Innen angebrachten Schutz verfügen, so dass haupsächlich Sekundärstrahlungen abzuschirmen sind. Es kann auch verflüssigtes reines Blei in den Zwischenraum der Schutzhüllen eingefüllt werden. Bei sehr starker Strahlung des zu lagernden Materials kann das Fass bevor es in eine Schutzhülle gebracht wird, noch zusätzlich mit einerBl4- folie abgeschirmt werden. Vor Einbringung der Zwischenraumfüllung kann die im Zwischenraum vorhandene Luft entweder über das Ventil zum Einfüllen der Füllmasse abgesaugt werden oder es kann ein zusätzliches Entlüftungsventil vorgesehen werden, durch das die Luft beim Einfüllen der Füllmasse entweichen kann. Die Ventile werden nach Füllung des Zwischenraumes dicht versiegelt.In the case of barrels with uranium or radiation waste, the preparation process remains the same as in the sealing of the barrels with chemical waste described above. Only after about 24 h is a radioactive radiation-absorbing, lead-containing epoxy mass according to DE-OS 1801578 is introduced in the liquid state under pressure into the space between the protective covers. Endurance tests by the Hahn-Meitner Institute in Berlin have shown excellent resistance and effective protection against radiation for such an epoxy compound. In addition, the barrels already have internal protection, so that secondary radiation must be shielded. Liquefied pure lead can also be filled into the space between the protective sleeves. In the event of very strong radiation from the material to be stored, the barrel can also be shielded with a sheet of foil before it is placed in a protective cover. Before the interstice filling is introduced, the air present in the interstice can either be sucked off via the valve for filling the filling compound or an additional ventilation valve can be provided through which the air can escape when the filling compound is filled in. The valves are sealed tight after the space has been filled.
Die nunmehr fertig präparierten und mit Kode-Nummern gekennzeichneten Fässer werden jeweils nach Gefahrenklasse getrennt, in Stollen eingebracht, die jeweils die gleiche Kode-Nummer aufweisen. Um zu verhindern dass bei einem Minenbrand Kalamitäten entstehen oder eine Kettenreaktion - verursacht durch Feuer oder Falschlagerungen von Strahlungsaktiven Abfällen - hervorgerufen wird, sind noch folgende Massnahmen erforderlich: In den einzelnen Stollen sollten in gewissen Abständen jeweils nach Stapelung einer bestimmten Anzahl von Fässern, stets eine armierte Betonschutzmauer errichtet werden. In dieser Mauer werden Öffnungen zum Durchführen eines Druckschlauches belassen. Nach Aushärtung der Betonmauer wird nun durch die freigehaltenen Offnungen Betongemisch mit Druck eingespritzt, wodurch sämtliche Hohlräume aufgefüllt und somit eine totale Verfestigung des Stollens erzielt wird.The drums, which are now prepared and marked with code numbers, are separated according to the hazard class and placed in tunnels, each of which has the same code number. In order to prevent calamities from occurring in the event of a mine fire or the occurrence of a chain reaction - caused by fire or incorrect storage of radiation-active waste - the following measures are necessary: In the individual tunnels there should always be one after stacking a certain number of barrels reinforced concrete protective wall. Openings for the passage of a pressure hose are left in this wall. After the concrete wall has hardened, concrete mixture is then injected under pressure through the openings which are kept free, filling up all cavities and thus ensuring total solidification of the stud is achieved.
Durch diese Massnahme werden nicht nur die eingelagerten Abfallstoffe zusätzlich geschützt, sondern Bodenbewegungen und Bodensenkungen unterbunden, was vor allem bei Erdbeben, Wassereinbrüchen usw. äusserst wichtig ist.This measure not only protects the stored waste materials, it also prevents soil movements and subsidence, which is extremely important, especially in the event of earthquakes, water ingress, etc.
Uranabfälle sind durch dieses Verfahren noch zusätzlich wirkungsvoll geschützt gegen Diebstahl und terroristischen Anschläge.This process additionally protects uranium waste against theft and terrorist attacks.
In der anliegenden Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Schutzhülle dargestellt. Dabei ist die zylindrische Schutzhülle allgemein mit 1 bezeichnet und besteht aus den beiden Hälften 2 und 3, die mittels eines Gewindes 4 miteinander verschraubbar sind. Die Schutzhüllenhälfte 2 ist mit einem Ventil 5 versehen. Ein zylindrisches Fass 6 mit zwei Fassreifen 8 ist im Inneren der Schutzhülle angeordnet, wobei ein Zwischenraum 10 das Fass allseitig umgibt, das mittels zwei Abstandsringen 12 in seiner Lage innerhalb der Schutzhülle fixiert ist. Die Abstandsringe 12 sind über die Enden des Fasses 6 geschoben und liegen einerseits an den Fassreifen 8 und andererseits an ringförmigen Anlageflächen 14 der Schutzhülle an, die dadurch gebildet werden, dass der Innenraum der Schutzhülle in seinem mittleren Bereich einen grösseren Durchmesser als im Bereich der beiden Stirnseiten aufweist. Öffnungen 16 der Ringe 12 ermöglichen das Füllen der äusseren Zwischenraumteile.In the accompanying drawing, an embodiment of the protective cover according to the invention is shown. The cylindrical protective cover is generally designated 1 and consists of the two
Es ist auch möglich die Schutzhülle als einstückiger Hohlzylinder auszubilden, an welchen flache Deckel befestigt, z.B. angeschweisst, werden. Weiter könnte auch das Material direkt in die Schutzhülle, also ohne inneren Behälter, eingegeben werden.It is also possible to design the protective cover as a one-piece hollow cylinder to which flat covers are attached, e.g. are welded on. Furthermore, the material could also be entered directly into the protective cover, i.e. without an inner container.
Alle in den Unterlagen offenbarten Angaben und Merkmale, insbesondere die offenbarte räumliche Ausgestaltung, werden, soweit sie einzeln oder in Kombination- gegenüber dem Stand der Technik neu sind, als erfindungswesentlich beansprucht.All of the information and features disclosed in the documents, in particular the disclosed spatial configuration, are claimed as essential to the invention insofar as they are new, individually or in combination, compared to the prior art.
Claims (14)
dient, mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist, über die mindestens ein Teil der die Hohlräume ausfüllenden und die Sicherheit der Lagerung erhöhenden Füllmasse in den zu verschliessenden Teil des Stollens eingebracht wird, und dass diese Offnung bzw. Offnungen nach dem Einbringen der vorgenannten Füllmasse verschlossen wird bzw. werden.4. The method according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the wall used to close the part of the gallery in which the dangerous material is stored,
serves, has at least one opening through which at least a part of the filling material filling the cavities and increasing the security of the storage is introduced into the part of the gallery to be closed, and that this opening or openings is closed after the aforementioned filling material has been introduced or will.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823212651 DE3212651A1 (en) | 1982-04-05 | 1982-04-05 | Method for safely storing dangerous material which endangers people and/or the environment |
| DE3212637 | 1982-04-05 | ||
| DE3212651 | 1982-04-05 | ||
| DE3212637 | 1982-04-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0091175A1 true EP0091175A1 (en) | 1983-10-12 |
Family
ID=25800937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83200482A Withdrawn EP0091175A1 (en) | 1982-04-05 | 1983-04-05 | Method for the safe storage of dangerous materials endangering persons and/or the environment, and appropriate shielding casing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0091175A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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| US4845372A (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1989-07-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Nuclear waste packing module |
| US6989543B2 (en) | 2003-08-15 | 2006-01-24 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Radiation shielding container for radioactive sources |
| WO2007032683A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-22 | Hallvar Eide | Container and method and device for manufacturing of such containers |
| US7199375B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2007-04-03 | Bard Brachytherapy, Inc. | Radiation shielding container that encloses a vial of one or more radioactive seeds |
| DE102010034016A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-02-16 | Josef Hauck | Method for production and disposal of radioactive barrels, involves preparing iron plate connection, where five-section mold is placed on floor, and lower rack is placed on stone |
| CN105556615A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-05-04 | 阿科姆工程合资(控股)公司 | Method for long-term storage of waste nuclear fuel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4845372A (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1989-07-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Nuclear waste packing module |
| US6989543B2 (en) | 2003-08-15 | 2006-01-24 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Radiation shielding container for radioactive sources |
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| DE102010034016A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-02-16 | Josef Hauck | Method for production and disposal of radioactive barrels, involves preparing iron plate connection, where five-section mold is placed on floor, and lower rack is placed on stone |
| CN105556615A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-05-04 | 阿科姆工程合资(控股)公司 | Method for long-term storage of waste nuclear fuel |
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