EP0085101A1

EP0085101A1 - Catheter-needle assembly and method for drainage of fluid collections

Info

Publication number: EP0085101A1
Application number: EP19820902777
Authority: EP
Inventors: Bernard Ackerman
Original assignee: ELECTRO-CATHETER Corp; Electro Catheter Corp
Current assignee: ELECTRO-CATHETER Corp; Electro Catheter Corp
Priority date: 1981-08-10
Filing date: 1982-08-02
Publication date: 1983-08-10
Also published as: WO1983000429A1

Abstract

Procédé et système d'aiguille et de cathéter pour le drainage de formations de fluides localisées, consistant à charger au préalable un cathéter en queue de cochon courbe (22) en insérant au travers de celui-ci une canule creuse (10), l'extrémité (20) de la canule (10) présentant des bords émoussés et arrondis. La pointe d'un stylet (14) est insérée ensuite au travers de la canule creuse (10). Le stylet (14) est plus long que la canule (10) de sorte que son extrémité (18) dépasse l'extrémité (20) de la canule (10) lorsqu'il est logé dans celle-ci. Le cathéter en queue de cochon (22) est composé d'un matériau élastique ayant une configuration normale en queue de cochon et contient des trous latéraux (24) sur le côté intérieur de la partie distale de la queue de cochon (26). L'étape suivante consiste à insérer l'aiguille en deux parties (14, 10) sur laquelle est montée le cathéter (22) dans la zone de tissu désiré (38) et à extraire ensuite la canule (10) et le stylet (14) tout en maintenant le cathéter de drainage (22) dans l'emplacement du fluide (42) de sorte que l'extrémité distale (26) du cathéter (22) reprenne sa forme courbe en queue de cochon. Le fait que le cathéter en queue de cochon (22) reprenne sa forme courbe à son extrémité distale (26) assure le positionnement de ces trous (24) dans le fluide (42) pour l'étape finale de drainage.Method and system of needle and catheter for the drainage of localized fluid formations, consisting in preloading a catheter in curved pigtail (22) by inserting through it a hollow cannula (10), the end (20) of the cannula (10) having blunt and rounded edges. The tip of a stylet (14) is then inserted through the hollow cannula (10). The stylet (14) is longer than the cannula (10) so that its end (18) projects beyond the end (20) of the cannula (10) when it is housed therein. The pigtail catheter (22) is made of elastic material having a normal pigtail configuration and contains lateral holes (24) on the inner side of the distal portion of the pigtail (26). The next step is to insert the two-part needle (14, 10) on which the catheter (22) is mounted in the desired tissue area (38) and then extract the cannula (10) and the stylet (14 ) while holding the drainage catheter (22) in the fluid location (42) so that the distal end (26) of the catheter (22) returns to its curved pigtail shape. The fact that the pigtail catheter (22) resumes its curved shape at its distal end (26) ensures the positioning of these holes (24) in the fluid (42) for the final drainage step.

Description

CATHETER-NEEDLE ASSEMBLY AND METHOD

FOR DRAINAGE OF FLUID COLLECTIONS

Technical Field The present invention relates to the drainage of fluid collections in the body, and more particularly to the percutaneous nonoperative techniques for drainage of localized fluid collections.

Background Art

Recent widespread acceptance and performance of percutaneous drainage procedures, particularly by radiolo¬ gists, has stimulated interest in safe, rapid, and more efficient ways of achieving percutaneous drainage. Present methods are only particularly effective and require an element of angiographic expertise, particularly with guidewire manipulation and catheter exchanges. Although most commonly performed under ultrasound or com- puted tomography alone, it is preferable to perform the manipulations under direct fluoroscopic vision.

The most widely accepted percutaneous approach to drainage of abscesses, cysts, and other localized fluid collections, with many individual variations of technique, involves initial puncture with a teflon sheath needle, introduction of a guidewire into the fluid, removal of the needle, dilation of the tract, and introduction of the drainage catheter. In one such approach known as the "Seldinger Procedure", a needle is introduced into the blood vessel, and guidewire is passed through the needle, the needle removed and the remaining guidewire used as a tract for a pigtail catheter prior to the drainage proce¬ dure. The guidewire must be removed before drainage can be performed. The guidewire is a tightly wound helix and adds substantial surface area to the blood which could result in blood clotting. Also, when using a pigtail over a guidewire, the thin, flexible guidewire will not comple¬ tely straighten out the catheter. Furthermore, this pro¬ cedure involves several time-consuming steps. In view of the above-described disadvantages associated with the prior art drainage procedures, it is an object of the present invention to provide a technique, and an assembly therefor, for draining localized fluid collections in the body in a simplified procedure. It is another object to provide a needle-catheter system for drainage of fluid collections which is both simple and can be carried out with minimal instruction. It is another object to provide a technique for drainage of fluid col- lections which requires no specific expertise in catheter and guidewire manipulations.

Disclosure Of Invention

These and other objects are achieved by the pre¬ sent invention which provides a method for draining localized fluid collections, comprising: preloading a ^•5 curved, pigtail catheter by inserting through it a hollow cannula having a blunt and rounded tip, inserting through the hollow cannula a pointed stylet with its point extending through the end of the cannula_< and the catheter, and inserting the two-part cannula and stylet having the 10 catheter mounted thereon into the desired tissue area.

The next step involves withdrawing the cannula and stylet while maintaining the drainage catheter in the fluid loca¬ tion such that the distal end of the catheter will return to its curved pigtail shape, and thereafter draining fluid

1-5 from the area.

The present invention also provides a needle-catheter system for drainage of body fluid collec¬ tions which includes a needle assembly and a pigtail catheter. The needle assembly includes a cannula which is

^•20 hollow and has a blunt, rounded tip, and a pointed stylet adapted to be inserted through the hollow cannula. The pointed stylet is longer than the cannula so that the pointed end will extend beyond the end of the cannula when received therethrough. A pigtail catheter made of a

2-5 resilient material, such as a polyethylene tubing, con¬ tains sideholes on the inner aspect of the distal pigtail, or curved end portion. The pigtail catheter is tapered distally to fit snugly around the cannula when mounted thereon to provide advancement through the body tissue 0 with minimal resistance. The blunt and rounded tip of the cannula enables loading of the pigtail catheter on the cannula without cutting the catheter tubing, while the pointed stylet provides the puncture. The pigtail cathe¬ ter has a resilient memory so as to change from its normal 5 curved configuration to a straight configuration when the cannula is inserted therethrough, and thereafter return to its curved configuration as the pigtail catheter advances off the cannula. Reformation of the pigtail catheter to its curved shape at its distal end assures positioning of its holes within the fluid being drained. In contrast, a straight catheter tip could protrude beyond the boundaries of the fluid-containing area, perforating adjacent tissue and causing significant trauma.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figures 1A, IB and 1C show the needle assembly comprising, respectively, the cannula, a close-up of the cannula tip and the pointed stylet; Figure 2 shows the pigtail catheter to be employed with the needle assembly for drainage of fluid connections in accordance with the needle of the presenta¬ tion;

Figure 3A shows the step of loading the pigtail catheter on the cannula;

Figure 3B shows the pointed stylet and cannula loaded in the pigtail catheter for making a percutaneous puncture; and

Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E show the step-by-step technique of employing the catheter-needle assembly for draining a fluid collection.

Best Mode For Carrying Out The Invention

Referring to Figures 1A, IB and 1C, there is shown the needle assembly comprising, respectively, in such figures a hollow, cannula 10, the end 20 of cannula 10 being formed with blunt and rounded edges 12, as shown in the exploded view of figure IB, and a pointed stylet 14 having a sharp tip 18, such as a trocar point. The pointed stylet 14 is made of stainless steel and is slightly longer than the cannula 10 so that its tip 18 protrudes from the end 20 of cannula 10 when placed in the cannula for the purposes of the present invention. The two components, the cannula 10 and the pointed stylet 14 constitute a stainless steel needle.

In applicant's United States patent application serial No. 291,460 filed on August 10, 1981, there is dis¬ closed a method and apparatus for draining localized fluid collections which employs a three-part needle assembly and a pigtail catheter. The three-part needle assembly includes a hollow cannula, a blunt- obturator and a pointed stylet. The blunt obturator is used to load, on the can¬ nula, the pigtail catheter which is made of a resilient material, such as polyethylene tubing. In some cases, the hollow cannula is manufactured with a tapered down, or feathered edge at the tip portion which might cause the scraping or cutting of the pigtail catheter tubing during the process of preloading the catheter by passing the can¬ nula through the catheter to exend it from its normal curved configuration to a straight configuration. Therefore, in such United States application, there is described the use of the inner blunt obturator having a blunt tip which extends beyond the cannula tip when inser¬ ted therethrough and thereby prevents the cannula tip from scraping or cutting the pigtail catheter during the pre¬ loading process. The above-described use of the blunt obturator, and the step associated with employing the blunt obturator and cannula combination for preloading the pigtail catheter, can be eliminated by designing the can¬ nula 10 with its tip 20 having the blunt, rounded edges 12 as shown in Figure IB. In this fashion, the rounded edges 12 of cannula 10 ensure that the tip 20 will not scrape or cut the pigtail catheter tubing during the pre¬ loading step. Referring to Figure 2, there is shown a pigtail catheter 22 of French size tubing 5, 7, 8.5 or 10 made of polyethylene or its copolymers which are generally between 6 and 9 inches in length. Size selection, of course, is determined by the size of the abscess and the type of fluid to be drained. Catheter 22 is modified to contain sideholes 24 on the area of the inner aspect of the distal pigtail 26. Catheter 22 is tapered on both its internal and external surfaces at the end 28 of the pigtail 26 so that it fits snugly on "the cannula 10 which is inserted therethrough. This tight fit allows for advancements of the catheter-needle assembly through the body tissues with minimal resistance. In design of the system, the outside diameter of cannula 10 is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the distal tip of cannula 22 thereby assuring a tight fit therebetween. As described above, the cathe¬ ter 22 may comprise a polyethylene or any other suitable material having a resilient memory. Also, cannula 20 is provided with a hollow hub 30 at its end portion and, similarly, stylet 14 is provided with a hub 34 at its end portion. Catheter 22 is provided with a hollow hub 36 which may have a knurled portion on its surface. Hub 30 is adapted for connecting a syringe for aspiration to remove fluid to verify position within the fluid collec¬ tion. Hub 30 has an axial opening which will receive a portion of hub 34 when the stylet 14 is inserted in can¬ nula 10, as shown in Figure 3B. Hubs 30 and 34 may be made of a chrome- or nickel-plated brass, while 36 may be made of a rigid, plastic material. Hub 36 is adapted for connecting a syringe for the substantially complete aspi- ration of the fluid in the abscess.

Figure 3A illustrates how the catheter 22 is loaded on the cannula 10 by advancing such cannula so that it gradually straightens the curve formed at the pigtail

P end 26, until the cannula 10 projects from the tip 28 of catheter 22. As shown in Figure 3B, once the cannula 10 projects through the tip of the catheter 22 to thereby straighten the same, the pointed stylet 14 is inserted such that the pointed tip 18 projects from the catheter 22 and the assembly is ready for the puncture operation.

These steps of the procedure involving the mounting of the catheter 22 should be performed immediately prior to the fluid-draining procedure in order to maximize the refor a- tion of the pigtail end 26. Otherwise, if the pigtail 26 is constrained to a straight configuration for prolonged periods of time, the polyethylene material has a tendency to lose its ability to reform to the pigtail configu- . ration. The fluid-draining catheter employing the pigtail distal end with holes on the inside of the loop has great practicality in its ability and simple operation in draining cysts, abcesses or wounds. The tubing, for example, may comprise a pigtail having a 1.5 cm radius with holes 24 drilled or punched with a 17 gauge cannula on the inside of the loop. As indicated in the drawings, the pointed stylet 14 used in a given assembly is slightly longer than the cannula 10, and both the cannula 10 and stylet 14 forming the needle are longer than the catheter ιo so that -they protrude from the tip thereof.

Generally, fluid collections are localized with ultrasound or computerized tomography and the site of puncture, path and depth determined. The step-by-step technique of the present invention employing the catheter-needle assembly is illustrated in Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E. Following skin preparation and local anes¬ thesia, a small skin incision is made such as with a num¬ ber 11 blade, in the body tissue 38 at point 40. The following steps (a) through (e) of the subject technique are illustrated by the Figures 4A through 4E corresponding thereto.

(a) The assembly, comprising the form shown in Figure 3B where it is ready for puncture, is advanced through the body tissue 38 'to the area where its end contacts the fluid collection 42 as shown in Figure 4A.

(b) The pointed stylet 14 is removed by grasping its handle 34, and aspiration on the needle can¬ nula 10 is performed by a suction means 44 placed in line with the hollow end of the cannula handle 30 to confirm the position in the fluid collection, as shown in Figure 4B. In this connection, it is noted that this procedure for confirming the position of the catheter in the fluid collection cannot be performed by the conventional methods which require a guidewire since the guidewire does not allow for aspiration of the fluid.

(c) Once fluid is aspirated, the catheter-needle assembly is held firmly by the fingers 46 at the hub or handle 30 and the catheter 22 advanced, at the skin surface, off the cannula 10 as shown by the' arrows 48 to a point into the fluid 42. This is shown in Figure 4C.

(d) As the catheter 22 advances off the cannula ιo. as shown in Figure 4D, the pigtail 26 is immediately reformed and insures positioning of the holes 24 within the fluid collection 42. Because of the pigtail shape, it is extremely unlikely that further advancement of the catheter 22 will perforate the cavity at 42, but will instead cause further coiling within such cavity. Any excess resistance to advancement indicates improper cathe¬ ter position and requires reevaluation.

(e) The cavity 42 can be aspirated completely, as shown in Figure 4E, as the holes 24 on the inner aspect of the pigtail will not become occluded by the surrounding tissue. A conventional hose 50 and suction device 52 or syringe is employed for this purpose. After complete aspiration, catheter 22 can either be removed or sutured at the skin site for continuous drainage by gravity or suction drainage, depending on the clinical need.

The present invention offers the following advantages:

(a) The entire drainage can be performed in a simplified procedure. No extra manipulations are required;

(b) No specific expertise is required in cathe- _* ter and guidewire manipulations as has c been required in the past;

(c) No fluoroscopy is necessary, and

(d) Position of the assembly is easily con¬ firmed by aspiration of the fluid.

While the invention has been described^* above 0 with respect to its preferred embodiments, it should be understood that other forms and embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inven¬ tion. For example, as described above in connection with applicant's United States patent application serial No. 5' 291,460, the hollow cannula can be employed with an inner blunt obturator, not shown, in the form of a two-part nee¬ dle which is used to preload the curved pigtail catheter. The inner blunt obturator extends beyond the end of the hollow cannula and its blunt tip enables loading of the 0 pigtail catheter on the cannula without cutting the cathe¬ ter tubing. In this example, the inner blunt obturator is removed from the cannula after preloading and replaced with the pointed stylet for the subsequent puncture proce¬ dure. Thus, in this example, the inner blunt obturator is 5 used with the hollow cannula as a two-part needle during preloading of the pigtail catheter, after which the inner blunt obturator is removed from the cannula. The remaining procedure involving puncturing the body tissue with the needle having the catheter mounted thereon and 0 withdrawing the stylet and cannula for the drainage proce¬ dure is identical to that described above. What is claimed is:

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

OMPI

Claims

1. Method for draining localized fluid collec¬ tion in the body, comprising: preloading a pigtail catheter, having a curved pigtail end with a resilient memory for a distal end curve, by inserting therethrough a hollow cannula to change said pigtail catheter from its normal curved con¬ figuration to a straight configuration; inserting through said hollow cannula a pointed stylet which is adapted so that the pointed end of said stylet extends beyond the end of said cannula; inserting the two-part needle having the cathe¬ ter mounted thereon into the desired area by puncturing the body tissue and advancing said needle to the area of said fluid collection; and withdrawing said stylet and cannula while maintaining said drainage catheter in the fluid location such that the distal end of the catheter will return to its curved pigtail shape, and thereafter draining fluid from the area through openings in said pigtail end.

2. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step of preloading said' pigtail catheter is performed immediately prior to the step of puncturing the body tis¬ sue so that the ability of said pigtail catheter to reform to its pigtail configuration is maximized.

3. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein said pigtail catheter is comprised of a material having a resilient memory so that it will return to its curved pigtail configuration when said cannula is withdrawn from said catheter.

4. Method as recited in claim 3 wherein said pigtail catheter is made of polyethylene.

5. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein, subse¬ quent to inserting said two-part needle into the desired area, withdrawing said pointed stylet from said cannula and aspirating through said cannula by a suction means to confirm the position of said catheter in said fluid col¬ lection.

OMPI

6. Method as recited in claim 5 wherein, subsequent to said step of aspirating through said cannula to confirm its position, advancing said catheter off said cannula such that the pigtail end of said catheter is reformed within said fluid collection.

7. Method as recited in claim 1, further com¬ prising providing sideholes on the inner aspect of said curved pigtail end to constitute s_aid openings for draining fluid.

8. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein the end portion of said pigtail catheter is tapered distally to fit snugly on said cannula to permit advancement of said catheter through the tissues with minimal resistance.

9. A needle-catheter system for drainage of fluid collections, comprising:

(a) a needle assembly including a hollow cannula and a pointed stylet for inserting through said cannula, said pointed stylet being longer than said cannula so that its end extends beyond the end of said cannula when recei- ved therethrough; and

(b) a pigtail catheter made of a resilient mate¬ rial containing opening means on the curved distal pigtail for fluid drai-nage, the end portion of said pigtail cathe¬ ter being tapered distally for advancement through the tissues with minimal resistance, said hollow cannula being used to load said pigtal catheter on said cannula, and said pointed stylet providing a puncture means, said pigtail catheter having a resilient memory so as to extend from its normal curved pigtail configuration to a straight configuration when it is loaded on said cannula and ther¬ eafter return to its curved pigtail configuration upon removal of said drainage cannula; whereby reformation of said pigtail catheter to its curved shape at its distal end will assure positioning of its drainage opening means within the fluid being drained.

10. System as recited in claim 9, wherein said pigtail catheter is comprised of a material having a resilient memory so that it will return to its curved pigtail configuration when said cannula is withdrawn from said catheter.

11. System as recited in claim 10, wherein said pigtail catheter is made of polyethylene.

12. System as recited in claim 9, wherein said drainage opening means comprises a plurality of sideholes on the inner aspect of said^' curved pigtail end for draining fluid.

13. System as recited in claim 9, wherein said hollow cannula has a blunt tip which is rounded in its edges to prevent the cannula from cutting said resilient material of said pigtail catheter.