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EP0082409A1 - Procédé thermique pour faire transiter rapidement une bobine supraconductrice de l'état supraconducteur à l'état normal, et dispositif pour exécuter le procédé - Google Patents

Procédé thermique pour faire transiter rapidement une bobine supraconductrice de l'état supraconducteur à l'état normal, et dispositif pour exécuter le procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082409A1
EP0082409A1 EP82111359A EP82111359A EP0082409A1 EP 0082409 A1 EP0082409 A1 EP 0082409A1 EP 82111359 A EP82111359 A EP 82111359A EP 82111359 A EP82111359 A EP 82111359A EP 0082409 A1 EP0082409 A1 EP 0082409A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
superconducting
winding
temperature
vacuum space
critical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82111359A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0082409B1 (fr
Inventor
Holger Franksen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0082409A1 publication Critical patent/EP0082409A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0082409B1 publication Critical patent/EP0082409B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/02—Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S336/00—Inductor devices
    • Y10S336/01—Superconductive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/85—Protective circuit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for rapidly transferring the entire superconducting winding of an electrical device, which is arranged in a vacuum space and cooled by a cryogenic medium, from the superconducting operating state to the normal conducting state by heating the entire winding in the event of normal conduction occurring in the event of a fault becoming at least one to there superconducting winding area.
  • a method for rapidly transferring the entire superconducting winding of an electrical device which is arranged in a vacuum space and cooled by a cryogenic medium, from the superconducting operating state to the normal conducting state by heating the entire winding in the event of normal conduction occurring in the event of a fault becoming at least one to there superconducting winding area.
  • Such a method is known from the journal "Cryogenics", August 1979, pages 467 to 471.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing this method.
  • Very large amounts of energy for example 10 9 joules, can be stored in large superconducting windings of electrical devices such as magnets or machines. If, in the event of a fault, a limited conductor section of such a winding changes from its superconducting operating state to the normal conducting state, there is a risk that, after insertion of the normal line, this conductor section. Also called quench, large amounts of energy are converted in the form of heat, so that the conductor section melts.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to simplify the above-mentioned method.
  • This object is achieved in that such a predetermined amount of a gas which is at a higher temperature and freezes out at the superconducting operating temperature is introduced into the vacuum space such that the superconducting parts of the winding are heated above the critical critical temperature which is characteristic of superconductivity.
  • the warm gas supplied when a normal conducting area occurs in the superconducting winding then condenses on the surfaces of the winding cooled by the cryogenic medium and thereby releases its stored energy, i.e. Enthalpy and heat of vaporization of these. Because of the predetermined amount of warm gas, a sustained deterioration in the insulating vacuum in the vacuum space can be avoided.
  • the cryogenic medium thus heated accordingly heats the entire winding beyond the transition temperature of its superconductors, so that the parts of the winding which have been superconducting up to now also change into the normal conducting state.
  • each superconducting winding can be converted very quickly into the normally conductive state.
  • This method can also be applied to existing electrical devices with superconducting windings be turned. No special measures are necessary, which should be taken into account when designing the winding. In particular, there are no special electrical supply lines and therefore no problems with insulated cold supply lines, the dielectric strength and continuous heat input during operation.
  • the pressure in the spaces holding the cryogenic medium is increased by such a predetermined value that boiling of the cryogenic medium is suppressed when the superconducting parts are heated up to at least the critical transition temperature becomes.
  • the cryogenic medium remains single-phase at least until the transition temperature is reached. This ensures good heat exchange between the heated cryogenic medium and the superconductors of the winding.
  • the amounts of the warm gas to be supplied and the pressure increase that may have to be carried out in the coolant spaces depend mainly on the spatial extent of the parts of the winding to be heated and on the operating data of the superconductors. If operating values are provided for the superconductors in the normal operating state which are relatively close to the so-called jump point of the superconducting material used, only smaller amounts of heat and a lower pressure increase are required than in the case that the operating values are further away from the jump point.
  • the jump point of the superconducting material is the critical current in an IHT space density I c , critical field strength H and critical transition temperature T specified point at which the superconducting material changes from the superconducting to the normal conducting state (see, for example, DE-OS 29 01 333).
  • bath cooling is provided for a superconducting magnet.
  • the stabilized superconductors of its magnetic winding 2 are therefore immersed in a vessel 3 in liquid helium as cryogenic medium M, which keeps the superconducting material at a temperature below the critical temperature in the operating state of the winding.
  • the vessel 3 with the magnetic winding 2 located in it is surrounded by a vacuum in a vacuum space 4 of a vacuum vessel 5.
  • a thermal radiation shield 6 is provided in the vacuum space 4, which is held by a further coolant at an intermediate temperature between the room temperature prevailing outside the vacuum vessel 5 and the cryogenic operating temperature in the vessel 3.
  • This coolant can, for example, helium exhaust gas from the vessel 3 with a temperature of about 20 K or liquid nitrogen of about 78 K.
  • a reservoir 8 which can be connected via a solenoid valve 7 is connected to the vacuum chamber 4.
  • This gas the temperature of which is advantageously at least 100 K higher than the transition temperature of the superconducting material, can be, for example, anhydrous nitrogen gas at room temperature.
  • a throttle valve 10 is used in a corresponding exhaust gas line 11, which is actuated by an actuator 12, which is also controlled by the electronics 9 is provided.
  • an increase in pressure can also be achieved by supplying helium gas to the pressure space of the helium bath located in the vessel 3 with increased pressure, for example by switching on a pressurized additional volume.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be applied to any superconducting magnet without the need to take any special design measures in the design of its winding.
  • it is a well-known badge-cooled superconducting magnet is provided (see. eg. B. "Railway Technical Review", Volume 27, Issue 3, 1978, pages 150 to 153).
  • An energy of 2 MJ with a nominal current of 1000 A and an effective current density in the winding of 86 A / mm 2 is to be stored in this magnet.
  • dry nitrogen gas which is about 2 00 1 at room temperature and 1 bar
  • the entire magnetic winding can then be converted from superconducting to normal conducting within 600 msec, without causing dangerous overheating of individual parts of the winding.
  • the introduction of warm nitrogen gas into the V akuumraum of the magnet the temperature of the radiation shield present therein is thereby increased from the original 20 K to about 80 K.
  • the method according to the invention is equally suitable for forcedly cooled superconducting magnet windings, i.e. the spaces receiving the cryogenic medium M are not a bath cryostat or the vessel 3 as in the case of bath cooling, but rather the cavities in or on the superconductors through which the cryogenic medium is promoted.
  • Such magnetic windings are also surrounded by a vacuum space into which a predetermined amount of a warm gas can be introduced in order to trigger a general quench at short notice.
  • the pressure in the helium circuit can be increased by or on the individual conductors. This can be achieved, for example, by throttles the helium outlet from the circuit or feeds helium into the circuit with increased pressure.
  • the method according to the invention is provided for a known superconducting magnet which is to be forced to cool (cf. "Manual Superconducting Technology", VDI-Bildungstechnik BW 41-08-01 (BW 2802), October 1974, entry 12, pages 1 to 9 or "5th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference", May 1974, Kyoto (Japan), report B2, pages 28 to 34).
  • This magnet with copper-stabilized NbTi conductors can be loaded with a nominal current of 500 A at 3.5 T and 4.5 K, the effective current density in the winding being 81 A / mm 2 .
  • the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic winding is 120 kJ.
  • the helium that cools the magnetic winding can be warmed up by about 1 K within 600 msec. This increase in temperature is generally sufficient to convert the entire magnet winding from the superconducting to the normally conducting state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
EP82111359A 1981-12-23 1982-12-08 Procédé thermique pour faire transiter rapidement une bobine supraconductrice de l'état supraconducteur à l'état normal, et dispositif pour exécuter le procédé Expired EP0082409B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813151119 DE3151119A1 (de) 1981-12-23 1981-12-23 "thermisches verfahren zum schnellen ueberfuehren einer supraleitenden wicklung vom supraleitenden in den normalleitenden zustand und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens"
DE3151119 1981-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0082409A1 true EP0082409A1 (fr) 1983-06-29
EP0082409B1 EP0082409B1 (fr) 1985-09-11

Family

ID=6149577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82111359A Expired EP0082409B1 (fr) 1981-12-23 1982-12-08 Procédé thermique pour faire transiter rapidement une bobine supraconductrice de l'état supraconducteur à l'état normal, et dispositif pour exécuter le procédé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4486800A (fr)
EP (1) EP0082409B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3151119A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0288729B1 (fr) * 1987-03-30 1991-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour la propagation de la transition de l'état supraconducteur à l'état normal d'un aimant supraconducteur
US5065087A (en) * 1988-10-04 1991-11-12 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for observing a superconductive phenomenon in a superconductor
FR2661775B1 (fr) * 1990-05-04 1994-03-04 Telemecanique Contacteur-disjoncteur.
GB9104513D0 (en) * 1991-03-04 1991-04-17 Boc Group Plc Cryogenic apparatus
US5432666A (en) * 1993-01-22 1995-07-11 Illinois Superconductor Corporation Self-restoring fault current limiter utilizing high temperature superconductor components
US5761017A (en) * 1995-06-15 1998-06-02 Illinois Superconductor Corporation High temperature superconductor element for a fault current limiter
US6174637B1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-01-16 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member and process of making
GB2445591B (en) * 2007-01-10 2009-01-28 Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd Emergency run-down unit for superconducting magnets
RU2015130906A (ru) * 2012-12-27 2017-01-31 Конинклейке Филипс Н.В. Система и способ защиты сверхпроводящего магнита с безжидкостным охлаждением при потере сверхпроводимости
US10784044B2 (en) * 2018-04-30 2020-09-22 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Optimization of transmit and transmit/receive (TRX) coils for wireless transfer of power
GB2586821B (en) * 2019-09-04 2022-04-13 Siemens Healthcare Ltd Current leads for superconducting magnets
FR3130466A1 (fr) * 2021-12-10 2023-06-16 Safran Machine électrique à soupape de désexcitation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176473A (en) * 1963-04-09 1965-04-06 Andonian Associates Inc Modular dewar vessel for cryogenic use
US3262279A (en) * 1964-10-09 1966-07-26 Little Inc A Extreme high vacuum apparatus
DE1501283B1 (de) * 1965-01-22 1970-01-15 Max Planck Gesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Kuehlung von Objekten
DE1814783A1 (de) * 1968-12-14 1970-07-02 Siemens Ag Kryostat mit einer in einem Behaelter fuer ein tiefsiedendes fluessiges Kuehlmittel angeordneten Supraleitungsspule
DE2521604A1 (de) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-04 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schutzanordnung fuer eine in geschlossenem kaeltekreislauf gekuehlte supraleitende wicklung

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3458763A (en) * 1967-04-12 1969-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Protective circuit for superconducting magnet
US4375659A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-03-01 General Dynamics Corporation/Convair Div. Electronic circuit for the detection and analysis of normal zones in a superconducting coil

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176473A (en) * 1963-04-09 1965-04-06 Andonian Associates Inc Modular dewar vessel for cryogenic use
US3262279A (en) * 1964-10-09 1966-07-26 Little Inc A Extreme high vacuum apparatus
DE1501283B1 (de) * 1965-01-22 1970-01-15 Max Planck Gesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Kuehlung von Objekten
DE1814783A1 (de) * 1968-12-14 1970-07-02 Siemens Ag Kryostat mit einer in einem Behaelter fuer ein tiefsiedendes fluessiges Kuehlmittel angeordneten Supraleitungsspule
DE2521604A1 (de) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-04 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schutzanordnung fuer eine in geschlossenem kaeltekreislauf gekuehlte supraleitende wicklung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3266241D1 (en) 1985-10-17
DE3151119A1 (de) 1983-07-07
US4486800A (en) 1984-12-04
EP0082409B1 (fr) 1985-09-11

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