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EP0080073A2 - Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le degré de remplissage des extrémités des cigarettes - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le degré de remplissage des extrémités des cigarettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080073A2
EP0080073A2 EP82110004A EP82110004A EP0080073A2 EP 0080073 A2 EP0080073 A2 EP 0080073A2 EP 82110004 A EP82110004 A EP 82110004A EP 82110004 A EP82110004 A EP 82110004A EP 0080073 A2 EP0080073 A2 EP 0080073A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
filling
threshold value
cigarette
degree
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82110004A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0080073A3 (fr
Inventor
Günter Ing.-grad. Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund GmbH and Co filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0080073A2 publication Critical patent/EP0080073A2/fr
Publication of EP0080073A3 publication Critical patent/EP0080073A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A24C5/3412—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by means of light, radiation or electrostatic fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a testing device for testing the degree of filling of cigarette ends according to the preambles of claims 1 and 9.
  • a device for checking the filling level of cigarette ends in which the light exit and entrance surface of the light transmitter or receiver are arranged transversely to the cigarette axis and separated from each other by a neutral zone and together within the end face lie on a fiber optic plate to which the cigarette end to be tested is brought to the system.
  • the light passes through multiple reflection in the region of d Zigarettenen it from the light transmitter to the receiver, whereby the light intensity is greatly reduced. The weaker the signal received, the more tobacco fibers there are. If a preset threshold value for the light intensity is exceeded, the cigarette in question is considered a committee.
  • Disadvantages here are the complex design and the particularly complicated structure of the reflection light barriers, the use of a small signal as an indicator for intact cigarettes, possible interference from extraneous light and possible contamination of the contact surface of the fiber optic plate for the cigarette ends, as a result of which the received signal can be influenced.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a test device of the type mentioned at the outset in which a falsification of the signals is switched off or checked, a simple structure of the test device being made possible.
  • the cigarette block test device consists of an optical block test head 1 0 , which is connected to a dual multiplexer 11.
  • the signals generated by the block test head 10 are fed via a line 12 to an external light suppression circuit 13, from which a line 14 to four test circuits 15, 16, 17 and 18 connected in parallel for checking for missing cigarettes, for checking for bad cigarettes, for checking, whether the basic reflection exceeds an upper limit and leads to a check whether the basic reflection falls below a lower limit.
  • the test circuits 15 to 18 each have a threshold input 19.
  • the outputs of the test circuits 15 to 18 are connected to a digital evaluation circuit 2o.
  • the evaluation circuit 20 also receives signals from an external light test circuit 21, the input of which is connected to the line 12 and which also has a limit value input 22. To control the extraneous light suppression circuit 13, the evaluation circuit 20 outputs signals to the extraneous light suppression circuit 13 via a line 23.
  • the evaluation circuit 2o also has inputs 24 for signals from a machine, for example a cigarette packaging machine, with which the cigarettes to be tested are transported along the optical block test head 1o.
  • a machine for example a cigarette packaging machine
  • these signals are those which relate to the angular position of the cells.
  • the evaluation circuit 2o also has an output 25 for stopping the machine, an output 26 for ejecting the tested cigarette block and an output 27 which is a pulsed constant current source 28 for the Controls block test head 1o, which in turn is connected to the block test head 1o via the dual multiplexer 11. Another output 29 of the evaluation circuit 2o controls the dual multiplexer 11.
  • an averaging circuit 3o is provided which is controlled via lines 31 by output signals of the evaluation circuit 2o and by the signals of line 14. Furthermore, the averaging circuit 3o has an input 32, via which the number of cigarettes to be used for averaging is predetermined, for example with the aid of a potentiometer 33, and an input 34, via which the ejection rate is predetermined, for example with the aid of a potentiometer 35.
  • the output 36 of the averaging circuit 3o is connected via an analog switch 37 to the threshold value input 19 of the test circuit 16 for testing for bad cigarettes.
  • the switch 37 has an input 38, to which it can be switched over and which supplies a fixed value, for example predetermined by a potentiometer 39, as a threshold value.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment for a block test head 10 is shown in FIG. 2, it comprises a mounting plate 40, which is provided with a row of receiving openings into which a corresponding number of reflective light barriers 41 are inserted, which are components consisting of a Light diode acts as a light transmitter and a photo transistor as a light receiver, which are arranged in a plane next to each other.
  • a mounting plate 40 which is provided with a row of receiving openings into which a corresponding number of reflective light barriers 41 are inserted, which are components consisting of a Light diode acts as a light transmitter and a photo transistor as a light receiver, which are arranged in a plane next to each other.
  • a plane-parallel transparent plate 42 made of glass, for example, is fastened in front of the mounting plate 4o and covers the reflection light barriers 41 to the outside.
  • the thickness of the plate 42 is such that when the cigarette ends of cigarettes 43 of a cigarette block 44 which are located, for example, are located in a cell 45 of a revolver 46 of a cigarette packaging machine, the distance d of the cigarette ends from the respective photo transistors of the reflection light barriers 41 is greater as M, cf. Fig. 3, that is, when the cigarette ends rest on the plate 42, the largest signal (of course, depending on the degree of filling of the cigarette end) is generated in each case, and one becomes larger with increasing distance d on the falling branch K from the curve K of Fig. 3 moves.
  • the plate 42 prevents the purchase of curve K from entering the ascending region, so that ambiguities are eliminated.
  • the reflection light barriers 41 are connected via a schematically indicated interface 47 to an evaluation circuit 48, as is shown as a block diagram in FIG. 1.
  • Each reflection light barrier 41 is scanned in three phases Ph1, Ph2 and Ph3.
  • the first phase Ph1 the light transmitter 41a remains switched off.
  • the signal SF received by the light receiver 41b is measured and stored in an analog manner. This signal SF corresponds to the proportion of extraneous light.
  • the second phase Ph2 the light transmitter 41a is switched on.
  • the first stored signal SF is subtracted from the signal SL measured here, the resulting signal SR then corresponds to the light reflected from the end of the cigarette to be tested without any extraneous light component.
  • the outputs of the test circuits 15 to 18 are queried and digitally evaluated.
  • the light transmitter 41a is switched off again, so that the input multiplexer of the double multiplexer 11 can be switched over at the end thereof.
  • the signal received by the reflection light barrier 41 passes through the double multiplexer 11 to an input amplifier 50 which amplifies the signal to the correct level, correct polarity and sufficient power in order to be able to charge a subsequent capacitor 51.
  • an analog switch 52 Behind the capacitor 51 there is an analog switch 52, which is turned on during the first phase Ph1, so that the capacitor 51 must charge up to the level SF generated by the extraneous light.
  • the analog switch 52 is again high-resistance.
  • the capacitor 51 can now change its charging voltage SF only insignificantly during this period, especially since a subsequent amplifier 53 - connected as a voltage follower - is also very high-resistance.
  • the voltage at amplifier 53 is always zero, while at the same time the voltage at the output of input amplifier 5o already corresponds to extraneous light SF.
  • the voltage only increases by the amount corresponding to the more light received due to the light transmitter 41a being switched on. Because the voltage at the amplifier 53 was zero at the beginning of the second phase Ph2, a voltage SR is now present at it, which corresponds only to the light reflected from the light transmitter 41a to the light receiver 41b. The capacitor voltage SF corresponding to the external light is now subtracted from the received and amplified total voltage SL. The second phase Ph2 must last long enough to bridge the delay times of light transmitter 41a and light receiver 41b.
  • Fig. 5 shows the time functions in the suppression of extraneous light, namely the multiplex channel width S for a measurement, the voltage at the output of the input amplifier 5o (I), the voltage at the input of the amplifier 53 (II), the capacitor charge (III), the state of Switch 52 (IV), the state of the light transmitter 41a (V), the evaluation (VI) and the phases (VII).
  • the extraneous light test circuit 21 serves to compare the extraneous light signal coming from the line 12 with a predetermined limit value, which can be set, for example, via a potentiometer and which is present at the limit value input 22. If the external light is so great that it threatens to control the light receiver 41b supplies the evaluation circuit 2 0 which is connected to the output of Fremdlichtprüfnikes 21 on its output 25 a stop signal.
  • the extraneous light corrected signals on the line 14 are compared in the test circuit 16 with a predetermined threshold value. If one or more cigarettes of a cigarette block falls below this threshold value, the output of the test circuit 16 causes the evaluation circuit 2 0 to generate an ejection signal on its output 26 for ejecting the cigarette block as a committee.
  • the signals received by the corresponding light receivers 41b are significantly lower than in the case of a bad cigarette, even if neighboring cigarettes partially cover the empty space due to displacement in the block.
  • a significantly lower threshold value at the input 19 of the test circuit 15 in comparison to the threshold value for the test circuit 16 is also compared to the signals on line 14 so that all locations within a cigarette block where cigarettes are missing are recognized. If a predefinable number of cigarettes is missing in a block, which is determined by the evaluation circuit 20, this generates a stop signal at its output 25 and at the same time an ejection signal at the output 26.
  • the test circuits 17 and 18 are used for self-monitoring.
  • the basic reflection that occurs on the transparent plate 42 which is arranged in front of the reflection light barriers 41, is used when there are no reflecting objects (cigarettes) in front of the plate 42.
  • This basic reflection is low in itself, but can change to lower or higher values depending on the type of contamination present on the plate 42 that arises during operation.
  • test circuit 17 and 18 acting as comparators, generate an output signal, which causes the evaluation circuit 20 to generate a stop signal at its output 25.
  • This self-monitoring is carried out in the times when no cigarettes are arranged in front of the block test head 10. As a result, all reflex light barriers 41 are also checked for different types of failure after each measurement.
  • the evaluation circuit 2o can generate stop signals for various reasons, it is expedient to provide a display which stores and displays the cause of the respective stop. Before each new start of the machine, these stop displays must be cleared via a reset input 24a.
  • a double multiplexer 11 that is to say one multiplexer each for the light transmitters 41a and one for the light receivers 41b, which operate synchronously, is provided, but a simple multiplexer can also be used, which then each reflection light barrier 41 (Supply voltage from transmitter 41a and receiver 41b) switches with a switch.
  • the multiplexer 11 can be switched over in the third phase Ph3 of the scanning.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment for the averaging circuit 30.
  • This consists of an analog switch 6o with two inputs, namely line 14, via which an analog voltage value A of the cigarette currently being measured is applied, and one of lines 31, via which a digital control signal C is applied by evaluation circuit 2o , which causes the analog switch 6o to be opened, for example, during the last 3/5 of the transmission time of each reflection light beam 41.
  • Behind the analog switch 6o there is a capacitor C 1 and a further analog switch 62 with a further input, to which a digital control signal D is supplied from the evaluation circuit 2o via one of the lines 31, which causes the analog switch 62 to then always open for a constant time when the test of a cigarette is finished and this cigarette was found to be good by test circuit 16.
  • the analog switch 62 is followed by an RC element 63 with a capacitor C 2 and a resistor R, the output of the RC element 63 having an input of an operational amplifier 64 connected as a voltage follower.
  • an analog switch 65 is provided, from which an input is acted upon by an analog voltage value H, which is specified as the mean value when the device is switched on, while a second input is supplied via one of the lines 31 with a digital control signal E, which is provided by the evaluation circuit 2o is generated and opens the analog switch 65 for a short time after application of the operating voltage by a master reset pulse.
  • Another analog switch 66 is connected, on the one hand, to a constant current source 67 and, on the other hand, to one of the lines 31 via which it receives a digital control signal F from the evaluation circuit 2o, as a result of which it is opened for a constant time whenever a cigarette from the test circuit 16 is considered bad was found.
  • the outputs of the analog switches 65, 66 are connected to the capacitor C 2 , so that the capacitor C 2 is discharged by opening the analog switch 66 in the presence of a bad cigarette by the constant current source 67 by a smaller but constant amount.
  • the averaging circuit 3o generates a signal G which represents the threshold value for the input 19 of the test circuit 16 and is formed from an average value and an ejection rate.
  • the averaging takes place as follows: During the last part of each measurement (while a light transmitter 41a is on), the capacitor C 1 is connected to the output of the amplifier circuit (m output of the voltage follower 53) via the analog switch 6o and is charged to the voltage value that the Corresponds to the quality of the cigarette just tested. The voltage across the capacitor C 2 corresponds to the mean value and was initially specified by the signal H. If the cigarette is found to be good after the evaluation of the measurement, the interposed analog switch 62 opens for a constant time. During this constant time, the mean value is approximated by a small part of the voltage difference of the capacitors C 1 and C 2 to the measured voltage at the capacitor C 1 . This adjustable fraction of the voltage determines the proportion with which each individual can find the average value to be good.
  • the relationship with which a single measured value is included in the mean is as follows: where U 1 is the measured value, U 2 is the old mean before change by U 1 , ⁇ U 2 is the fraction by which the mean adjusts to the measured value U 1 , and U 1 - U 2 is the difference between the mean and the measured value .
  • the opening time T In order to obtain an approximately linear relationship between the ratio with which the measured value changes the mean value and a change in the resistance R, the opening time T must be much less than the resulting time constant ⁇ res . for T ⁇ ⁇ res .
  • This averaging corresponds to an arithmetic averaging, in which the average is included with each new value is modified by a constant factor.
  • a resistor R controlled by a digital counter can be used.
  • an R-2R network of a D / A converter 7o can be used instead of the resistor R, which is controlled by the counter 71, cf. Fig. 7.
  • the two analog switches 6 0 , 62 are open.
  • the R-2R network is set to 0 ohms by the counter 71. Both capacitors C 1 and C 2 are charged to the first measured value.
  • Analog switch 62 opened by signal D.
  • the R-2R network is still 0 ohms.
  • an average value is formed on the capacitor C 2 , which corresponds to the first two measurements:
  • the R-2R network with the smallest value is switched on for the first time.
  • the smallest resistance value must now reduce the mean value factor to 1/3 with the capacitors, so that the following results after n measurements:
  • the statistical distribution of the measured values results in the mean value to the right of the maximum, as shown in FIG. 8, the mean value also being influenced by the setting of the potentiometer 35 for the ejection rate (below provided that the ejection rate is set to greater than zero).
  • the analog switch 66 is opened by the signal F for a constant, very short time. During this time, a constant current flows into the capacitor C 2 in a direction that the average is slightly lowered. Every bad cigarette (but no missing or broken one) reduces the mean by a small (adjustable) constant amount, no matter how bad it is.
  • the constant amount by which the mean value is reduced can be set at the constant current source 67. Since the value of the constant amount is related to the mean value, this constant amount should not be chosen too large, in order to avoid an increased influence on the mean throw by bad cigarettes, but rather, for example, in accordance with the influence of the mean value by a good cigamte slightly below the mean value.
  • the device is also suitable for testing single cigarettes, in which case the dual multiplexer 11 is omitted and can be replaced by a simple circuit for the one input and output channel.
  • the plate 42 is to be arranged immediately in front of the reflection light barriers 41.
  • a plate 42 can be used which produces a diffuse reflection on the side facing away from the reflection light barriers 41, so that the proportion of light reflected from the glass surface, which forms the basic reflection, is reduced.
  • the plate 42 can be milky there, for example, but in order to avoid contamination it must not have a rough surface since the cigarette ends lie there.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
EP82110004A 1981-11-24 1982-10-29 Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le degré de remplissage des extrémités des cigarettes Withdrawn EP0080073A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3146506 1981-11-24
DE19813146506 DE3146506A1 (de) 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Verfahren und pruefgeraet zum pruefen des fuellungsgrades von zigarettenenden

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0080073A2 true EP0080073A2 (fr) 1983-06-01
EP0080073A3 EP0080073A3 (fr) 1985-12-27

Family

ID=6147062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82110004A Withdrawn EP0080073A3 (fr) 1981-11-24 1982-10-29 Procédé et appareil pour contrôler le degré de remplissage des extrémités des cigarettes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4553847A (fr)
EP (1) EP0080073A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58101674A (fr)
CS (1) CS236494B2 (fr)
DD (1) DD204841A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3146506A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080069A3 (fr) * 1981-11-24 1986-01-02 Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund Dispositif pour contrôler le degré de remplissage des extrémités de cigarettes

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US4707138A (en) * 1985-06-03 1987-11-17 Filper Industries, Inc. Color measuring and control device
GB8618639D0 (en) * 1986-07-30 1986-09-10 Molins Plc Cigarette ends testing
US4742555A (en) * 1986-09-30 1988-05-03 Pattern Processing Technologies, Inc. Pattern processor controlled illuminator
DE3638519A1 (de) * 1986-11-11 1988-05-19 Focke & Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ueberpruefen/aussondern von zigaretten
DE3819653A1 (de) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-29 Celanese Canada Inc Messvorrichtung fuer ausnehmungen in zigarettenfiltern
GB8821652D0 (en) * 1988-09-15 1988-10-12 Molins Plc Cigarette segregating apparatus
DE4033644C1 (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-30 Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund Gmbh & Co, 5820 Gevelsberg, De Cigarette group forming machine - incorporates accumulator with outlet guide system
IT1292831B1 (it) * 1997-03-28 1999-02-11 Gd Spa Unita' per il controllo ottico di sigarette.
EP0875771B1 (fr) * 1997-04-30 2004-07-14 Sick Ag Senseur opto-électronique avec des éléments photosensibles arangés en ligne ou matrice
SG87848A1 (en) 1998-11-05 2002-04-16 Johnson & Johnson Vision Prod Missing lens detection system and method
US6246062B1 (en) 1998-11-05 2001-06-12 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Missing lens detection system and method
CN110865051A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-06 南京大树智能科技股份有限公司 基于多波长光电检测烟支松头缺陷检测方法
US11759914B2 (en) 2020-08-06 2023-09-19 Mate Precision Technologies Inc. Vise assembly
WO2022032148A1 (fr) 2020-08-06 2022-02-10 Mate Precision Technologies Inc. Ensemble base d'usinage

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GB1112687A (en) * 1965-03-12 1968-05-08 Schmermund Alfred Improvements in or relating to arrangements for testing blocks of cigarettes
US3689158A (en) * 1971-02-16 1972-09-05 Beckman Instruments Inc Atomic absorption analyzer compensated for background absorption
US3729636A (en) * 1971-09-03 1973-04-24 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp System for detecting loose tobacco at cigarette ends
US3818223A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-06-18 Liggett & Myers Inc Device for detecting carbon on cigarette filter tips
DE2444708A1 (de) * 1974-09-19 1976-04-08 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verfahren und anordnung zum pruefen der umhuellung von stabfoermigen artikeln der tabakverarbeitenden industrie
IT1033891B (it) * 1975-06-03 1979-08-10 Amf Sasib Dispositivo ottico per il controllo del grado di riempimento delle teste delle sigarette
US4158505A (en) * 1976-12-27 1979-06-19 International Business Machines Corporation Spectrum analyzing system with photodiode array
DE2813866A1 (de) * 1978-03-31 1979-10-04 Schmermund Maschf Alfred Vorrichtung zur pruefung des fuellungsgrades von zigarettenenden
US4266674A (en) * 1979-02-07 1981-05-12 Richard Equipment Company, Inc. Optoelectronic device for automatically inspecting a group of cigarettes or the like
US4377743A (en) * 1979-10-12 1983-03-22 Molins Limited Cigarette rod optical inspection
US4374329A (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-02-15 Pittway Corporation Smoke detector with test apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080069A3 (fr) * 1981-11-24 1986-01-02 Maschinenfabrik Alfred Schmermund Dispositif pour contrôler le degré de remplissage des extrémités de cigarettes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD204841A5 (de) 1983-12-14
US4553847A (en) 1985-11-19
JPS58101674A (ja) 1983-06-16
CS236494B2 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0080073A3 (fr) 1985-12-27
DE3146506A1 (de) 1983-06-01

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