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EP0073851B2 - Steam generator with two vertical gas passages connected by a transverse gas passage - Google Patents

Steam generator with two vertical gas passages connected by a transverse gas passage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073851B2
EP0073851B2 EP81107837A EP81107837A EP0073851B2 EP 0073851 B2 EP0073851 B2 EP 0073851B2 EP 81107837 A EP81107837 A EP 81107837A EP 81107837 A EP81107837 A EP 81107837A EP 0073851 B2 EP0073851 B2 EP 0073851B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
flue
vapour generator
support
transverse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81107837A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0073851A1 (en
EP0073851B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Rees
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0073851A1 publication Critical patent/EP0073851A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Publication of EP0073851B2 publication Critical patent/EP0073851B2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/24—Supporting, suspending or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
    • F22B37/244—Supporting, suspending or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding for water-tube steam generators suspended from the top

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator with the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a steam generator is in the Offleben plant of the Braunschweig coal mines.
  • His first vertical train consisting of helically wound tubes, is constricted in the area below the cross train and the associated support system consists of several rods which are attached with their upper ends to the supporting structure below the cross train; the lower ends of these rods, which are essentially vertical because of the constriction, engage on the outside of the train walls below the beginning of the constriction.
  • the walls of the second vertical train run straight up in the area of the support system, so that due to the lack of a constriction, the rods of the associated support system extend obliquely upwards from their lower ends to the attachment point on the support structure.
  • This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the design of the support systems as two-armed levers causes the respective connection point of the lever to move along the wall when there is thermal expansion of the circumference of the cables, so that no significant horizontal forces arise in the walls. As a result, lower voltages occur in these walls than in the known steam generator.
  • the tubes of the first vertical train do not run vertically, but rather horizontally or slightly rising; this means that these pipes cannot absorb any significant weight.
  • Support tapes are therefore provided behind the pipe walls, which are suspended at the top of the carrying device and which are firmly connected at one point to the pipe walls, while the support tapes are connected to the pipe walls via sliding connections.
  • the lever systems with the tension rods are not attached to the boiler frame; but at the lower ends of these rods are attached to the straps surrounding the vertical cable to serve as a counterweight to the weight of the tube walls.
  • the known lever systems are therefore not part of a support system in the sense of the invention.
  • the feature of claim 2 has the advantage of a uniform wall load, because the inevitable dimensional deviations and setting errors have less impact.
  • the adjustability according to claim 3 allows manufacturing and assembly errors to be compensated.
  • hydraulic presses according to claim 4 makes it easier to adjust the pendulum supports and the tension elements.
  • the feature according to claim 5 evens out the introduction of the support forces into the tube walls, thereby avoiding inadmissibly high local stresses.
  • the two vertical trains 10 and 11 are connected above the support systems 7 and 8 by a transverse train 15 leading from the rear wall 13 of the first vertical train 10 to the front wall 14 of the second vertical train 11.
  • the tube walls 12, 13 and 12 ', 14 consist of vertical tubes 17 which are tightly welded to one another via webs 20.
  • sheet metal strips 21 are welded to the webs 20 in the area of the support systems 7 and 8, which are group-like comb-like are combined on connecting plates 23.
  • Two of these connecting plates 23 are articulated on a three-hole weighing plate 24 which is pivotally attached to a carrying band 25.
  • Each carrier tape 25 has two claws 26, 27, between which one end of a two-armed lever 30 designed as a box girder projects.
  • a vertical mandrel 31 is inserted through this lever end and the two claws 26, 27, about the axis of which the lever can be rotated.
  • Each two-armed lever 30 is supported a pendulum support 35 on a cantilever arm 36 of the lower frame 5, while a tension element 37 connects the other end of each lever 30 to an eyelet 38 of the frame 5.
  • Each pendulum support 35 consists of a short threaded bolt 40, which is extended up and down by a welded pipe section 41 and 42, respectively.
  • a spherical cap 45 On the upper end of the pipe section 41 there is a spherical cap 45, on which a pan 46 sits, which is fastened to the upper flange of the lever 30.
  • the lower pipe section 42 is telescopically inserted in a pipe section 48 which is connected to a pan 49 at a lower end. This pan 49 rests on a cap 50 which is welded onto the arm 36.
  • On the threaded bolt 40 sits a nut 52 turned on one side, which is supported by a plate 53 on a set of disc springs 55, the lowest of which rests on the upper end face of the tube piece 48.
  • a recess 57 is provided in the lower flange of each lever 30, through which a pendulum support 35 extends with play.
  • each lever 30 is reinforced by two sheets 58 which are welded to the outside of the webs of the box-shaped lever 30.
  • Fig. 3 between the plate 53 and the lower flange of the lever 30 two small hydraulic presses 60, 61 are indicated with dashed lines, the function of which is described below.
  • belts 64 and 65 are provided a little below the levers 30 on the vertical trains 10 and 11, respectively.
  • the belt 64 consists of four bending beams 70 to 73 surrounding the train 10 and the belt 65 consists of four bending beams 70 'to 73' surrounding the train 11.
  • the bending beams are, as usual, articulated at their ends via tabs in a manner not shown on the pipe walls 12, 13 or 12 ', 14 and connected to the associated pipe wall by a plurality of supports 66 distributed over the length of the bending beams. Straps composed in the same way are distributed over the entire height of the vertical trains. These tapes prevent the pipe walls from bulging outwards under the internal pressure prevailing in the trains.
  • the bending beams 71 and 72 which run transversely to the layout of the steam generator, are supported on the frame 5 by supports 75 against displacement in the transverse direction of the steam generator (FIG. 2).
  • the bending beam 71 is additionally connected to the central beam of the lower frame 5 via tabs 76.
  • the bending beams 71 'and 72' of the belt 65 of the train 11 are supported by supports 75 'and tabs 76' on the part of the lower frame 5 surrounding this train.
  • a thermal insulation 80 which is indicated in FIG. 3, is attached to the outside of the tube walls 12, 13 and 12 ' , 14.
  • the tubes 17 of the front wall 12 of the vertical train 10 open with their upper ends into a collector 78, while the tubes 17 of the rear wall 13 of this train lead to a collector 79 which is arranged parallel to the rear wall 13 below the transverse train 15.
  • the belt system 70 to 76 together with the parts 21 to 38 forms the support system 7 of the vertical train 10.
  • the support system 8 of the train 11 is formed by the belt system 70 'to 76' with associated parts 21 to 38.
  • the large number of two-armed levers 30 with the pendulum supports 35 and the tension elements 37 only become a stable support system of a vertical train in that the ends of the levers 30 are fixed in the horizontal direction. This fixation takes place via the mandrels 31, the carrying straps 25, etc. and finally through the supports 75, 75 'and the tabs 76, 76' between the straps 64 and 65 and the boiler frame.
  • the bending supports 71 and 71 ' can only move in the vertical direction in space because of the supports 75 and 75' and the tabs 76 and 76 ', this vertical displacement remaining very small since the straps are only slightly below the Support are arranged.
  • a fixed point F or F 'thus arises in the middle of the tube walls 13 and 14 at the level of the support on the outer surface of the insulation 80, from which the thermal expansion movements run in a radial manner.
  • the transverse pull 15 is designed to be flexible in this arrangement, so that it can absorb its own longitudinal expansion itself.
  • the pendulum supports 35 and the tension elements 37 are expediently arranged on the lower frame 5 in such a way that they are vertical with a medium expansion deflection. In this way, the differences in height when the steam generator is heated from a cold state remain minimal.
  • the length of the pendulum support and the length of the tension element are expediently chosen to be about ten times as long as the greatest horizontal expansion that occurs.
  • the pendulum supports 35 are designed to be adjustable in length.
  • the two hydraulic presses 60 and 61 are placed on the plate 53 on both sides of the upper pipe section 41 and are subjected to such pressure that the total force exerted on the underside of the lever 30 corresponds to the proportion of the load corrected by the lever ratio, which corresponds to the associated carrying band 25 should be omitted. If this pressure is set, the nut 52 is screwed down against the plate 53 and tightened moderately. The two hydraulic presses 60 and 61 can then be relaxed and removed.
  • the laterally flexible support by pendulum supports and tension elements means that the carrying straps 25 cannot deflect laterally. This condition is met by the lateral support of the straps 64 and 65 by the supports 75 and 75 'and tabs 76 and 76'. It may be appropriate to also open the remaining tapes, not shown support in an analogous manner on the boiler frame.
  • the weight of the transverse train 15 can be transmitted to the wall sections of the vertical trains above the support systems 7 and 8 by long straps which are reinforced to absorb gravitational forces.
  • constant hangers can also be provided, by means of which the transverse pull 15 can be suspended from the upper frame 4 of the boiler frame.
  • the pipe walls 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 and 121, 14 of the vertical trains 10 and 11 are expediently created from the support systems 7 and 8, proceeding downwards.
  • the bundle heating surfaces can be installed over the support systems 7 and 8, while the burners are already being installed on the combustion chamber of the vertical train 10.
  • the support tubes 81 and 81 ' can be seen in FIG and are attached to the frame 4 in a known manner.
  • control and the lines to the burners can be installed at a time when the cross-train 15 and the upper sections of the vertical trains 10 and 11 are installed.
  • Such a procedure allows the path of the assembly process, which is critical in the scheduling, to be shortened considerably.
  • the walls forming the second vertical train can consist of pipes that are not gas-tight welded; this train would then be created in a skincasing design.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Dampferzeuger mit den Merkmalen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a steam generator with the features according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solcher Dampferzeuger steht im Werk Offleben der Braunschweigischen Kohlen-Bergwerke. Sein erster, aus schraubenlinienförmig gewickelten Rohren bestehender Vertikalzug ist im Bereich unterhalb des Querzuges eingeschnürt und das zugehörige Tragsystem besteht aus mehreren Stangen, die mit ihren oberen Enden am Traggerüst unterhalb des Querzuges befestigt sind; die unteren Enden dieser Stangen, die wegen der Einschnürung im wesentlichen vertikal verlaufen, greifen unterhalb des Beginns der Einschnürung aussen an den Wänden des Zuges an. Die Wände des zweiten Vertikalzuges verlaufen im Bereich des Tragsystems geradlinig nach oben, so dass wegen des Fehlens einer Einschnürung sich die Stangen des zugehörigen Tragsystems von ihren unteren Enden aus schräg nach oben zum Befestigungspunkt am Traggerüst erstrecken. Durch diese Schrägstellung der Stangen wirken in den Rohrwänden des zweiten Zuges ständig horizontale Kräfte, die von der diesen Zug umgebenden Gurtung aufgenommen werden müssen. Horizontale Kräfte in den Wänden beider Züge entstehen auch durch Wärmedehnungen, d.h. wenn der Dampferzeuger kalt ist, ist der Umfang des jeweiligen Zuges kleiner als im warmen Zustand des Dampferzeugers. Es ergeben sich dadurch zusätzliche Spannungen in den Rohrwänden.Such a steam generator is in the Offleben plant of the Braunschweig coal mines. His first vertical train, consisting of helically wound tubes, is constricted in the area below the cross train and the associated support system consists of several rods which are attached with their upper ends to the supporting structure below the cross train; the lower ends of these rods, which are essentially vertical because of the constriction, engage on the outside of the train walls below the beginning of the constriction. The walls of the second vertical train run straight up in the area of the support system, so that due to the lack of a constriction, the rods of the associated support system extend obliquely upwards from their lower ends to the attachment point on the support structure. Due to this inclination of the rods, horizontal forces constantly act in the tube walls of the second train, which must be absorbed by the belt surrounding this train. Horizontal forces in the walls of both trains also arise from thermal expansion, i.e. when the steam generator is cold, the circumference of the train is smaller than when the steam generator is warm. This results in additional stresses in the pipe walls.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Dampferzeuger der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass die Tragsysteme den Wärmedehnungen der Rohrwände folgen können, ohne dass merkliche horizontale Kräfte in diesen Wänden auftreten. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch die Ausbildung der Tragsysteme als zweiarmige Hebel wandert bei Wärmedehnungen des Umfangs der Züge der jeweilige Anschlusspunkt des Hebels an der Wand mit, so dass keine nennenswerten horizontalen Kräfte in den Wänden entstehen. Dadurch treten in diesen Wänden geringere Spannungen als bei dem bekannten Dampferzeuger auf.It is an object of the invention to improve a steam generator of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the support systems can follow the thermal expansions of the tube walls without noticeable horizontal forces occurring in these walls. This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. The design of the support systems as two-armed levers causes the respective connection point of the lever to move along the wall when there is thermal expansion of the circumference of the cables, so that no significant horizontal forces arise in the walls. As a result, lower voltages occur in these walls than in the known steam generator.

Bei dem Dampferzeuger nach der DE-OS Nr. 1 551 052 verlaufen die Rohre des ersten Vertikalzuges nicht vertikal, sondern horizontal oder leicht ansteigend; damit können diese Rohre keine nennenswerten Gewichtskräfte aufnehmen. Es sind deshalb hinter den Rohrwänden Tragbänder vorgesehen, die zuoberst am Traggerät aufgehängt werden und die an einer Stelle mit den Rohrwänden fest verbunden sind, während im übrigen die Tragbänder mit den Rohrwänden über Schiebeverbindungen verbunden sind. Bei dem bekannten Dampferzeuger sind die Hebelsysteme mit den Zugstäben nicht am Kesselgerüst befestigt; sondern an den unteren Enden dieser Stäbe sind Träger der den Vertikalzug umgebenden Gurtung angehängt, um als Gegengewicht zum Gewicht der Rohrwände zu dienen. Die bekannten Hebelsysteme sind also nicht Bestandteile eines Tragsystems im Sinne der Erfindung.In the steam generator according to DE-OS No. 1 551 052, the tubes of the first vertical train do not run vertically, but rather horizontally or slightly rising; this means that these pipes cannot absorb any significant weight. Support tapes are therefore provided behind the pipe walls, which are suspended at the top of the carrying device and which are firmly connected at one point to the pipe walls, while the support tapes are connected to the pipe walls via sliding connections. In the known steam generator, the lever systems with the tension rods are not attached to the boiler frame; but at the lower ends of these rods are attached to the straps surrounding the vertical cable to serve as a counterweight to the weight of the tube walls. The known lever systems are therefore not part of a support system in the sense of the invention.

Das Merkmal nach Anspruch 2 bringt den Vorteil einer gleichmässigen Wandbelastung, weil sich die unvermeidlichen Massabweichungen und Einstellfehler weniger stark auswirken.The feature of claim 2 has the advantage of a uniform wall load, because the inevitable dimensional deviations and setting errors have less impact.

Die Einstellbarkeit nach Anspruch 3 gestattet, Fabrikations- und Montagefehler zu kompensieren.The adjustability according to claim 3 allows manufacturing and assembly errors to be compensated.

Durch die Anwendung hydraulischer Pressen gemäss Anspruch 4 lässt sich das Einstellen der Pendelstützen und der Zugelemente erleichtern.The use of hydraulic presses according to claim 4 makes it easier to adjust the pendulum supports and the tension elements.

Das Merkmal nach Anspruch 5 vergleichmässigt das Einleiten der Abstützkräfte in die Rohrwände, wodurch unzulässig hohe lokale Spannungen vermieden werden.The feature according to claim 5 evens out the introduction of the support forces into the tube walls, thereby avoiding inadmissibly high local stresses.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird in der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine schematisierte Seitenansicht eines Dampferzeugers nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 einen schematisierten Horizontalschnitt nach der Ebene 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch einen zweiarmigen Hebel mit Pendelstütze und Zugelement, und
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Ebene IV-IV in Fig. 3.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawing. Show it
  • 1 is a schematic side view of a steam generator according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a schematic horizontal section along the plane 11-11 in FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a two-armed lever with pendulum support and tension element, and
  • 4 shows a section along the plane IV-IV in FIG. 3.

Für einen Dampferzeuger sind nach Fig. 1 und 2 auf Fundamenten 1 sechs Pfeiler 2 errichtet, die zusammen mit einem oberen Rahmen 4 und einem unteren Rahmen 5 in der Form einer stilisierten Acht ein Kesselgerüst bilden. Am unteren Rahmen 5 sind an zwei Tragsystemen 7 und 8 je vier Rohrwände 12, 13 bzw. 12', 14 aufgehängt, die einen ersten Vertikalzug 10 bzw. einen zweiten Vertikalzug 11 begrenzen, die von den Rauchgasen nacheinander durchströmt werden (Pfeile A, B). Der untere Teil des ersten Vertikalzuges 10 bildet die Brennkammer des Dampferzeugers.1 and 2, six pillars 2 are erected on foundations 1 for a steam generator, which together with an upper frame 4 and a lower frame 5 form a boiler frame in the form of a stylized figure eight. On the lower frame 5, four pipe walls 12, 13 and 12 ', 14 are suspended from two support systems 7 and 8, which delimit a first vertical train 10 and a second vertical train 11, through which the flue gases flow in succession (arrows A, B ). The lower part of the first vertical train 10 forms the combustion chamber of the steam generator.

Die beiden Vertikalzüge 10 und 11 sind oberhalb der Tragsysteme 7 und 8 durch einen von der Rückwand 13 des ersten Vertikalzuges 10zur Vorderwand 14 des zweiten Vertikalzuges 11 führenden Querzug 15 miteinander verbunden.The two vertical trains 10 and 11 are connected above the support systems 7 and 8 by a transverse train 15 leading from the rear wall 13 of the first vertical train 10 to the front wall 14 of the second vertical train 11.

Die Rohrwände 12, 13 und 12', 14 bestehen aus über Stege 20 miteinander dicht verschweissten vertikalen Rohren 17. An den Stegen 20 sind, wie Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen, im Bereich der Tragsysteme 7 und 8 Blechstreifen 21 angeschweisst, die gruppenweise kammartig an Verbindungsblechen 23 zusammengefasst sind. Je zwei dieser Verbindungsbleche 23 sind an einer drei Bohrungen aufweisenden Waaglasche 24 angelenkt, die an einem Tragband 25 schwenkbar befestigt ist. Jedes Tragband 25 weist zwei Pratzen 26, 27 auf, zwischen denen das eine Ende eines als Kastenträger ausgebildeten, zweiarmigen Hebels 30 ragt. Durch dieses Hebelende und die beiden Pratzen 26, 27 ist ein vertikaler Dorn 31 gesteckt, um dessen Achse der Hebel drehbar ist.The tube walls 12, 13 and 12 ', 14 consist of vertical tubes 17 which are tightly welded to one another via webs 20. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, sheet metal strips 21 are welded to the webs 20 in the area of the support systems 7 and 8, which are group-like comb-like are combined on connecting plates 23. Two of these connecting plates 23 are articulated on a three-hole weighing plate 24 which is pivotally attached to a carrying band 25. Each carrier tape 25 has two claws 26, 27, between which one end of a two-armed lever 30 designed as a box girder projects. A vertical mandrel 31 is inserted through this lever end and the two claws 26, 27, about the axis of which the lever can be rotated.

Jeder zweiarmige Hebel 30 stützt sich über eine Pendelstütze 35 auf einem auskragenden Arm 36 des unteren Rahmens 5 ab, während ein Zugelement 37 das andere Ende jedes Hebels 30 mit einer Öse 38 des Rahmens 5 verbindet.Each two-armed lever 30 is supported a pendulum support 35 on a cantilever arm 36 of the lower frame 5, while a tension element 37 connects the other end of each lever 30 to an eyelet 38 of the frame 5.

Jede Pendelstütze 35 besteht aus einem kurzen Gewindebolzen 40, der nach oben und unten durch ein angeschweisstes Rohrstück 41 bzw. 42 verlängert ist. Auf dem oberen Ende des Rohrstückes 41 befindet sich eine Kalotte 45, auf der eine Pfanne 46 sitzt, die am oberen Flansch des Hebels 30 befestigt ist. Das untere Rohrstück 42 steckt teleskopartig in einem Rohrstück 48, das an einem unteren Ende mit einer Pfanne 49 verbunden ist. Diese Pfanne 49 ruht auf einer Kalotte 50, die auf dem Arm 36 angeschweisst ist. Auf dem Gewindebolzen 40 sitzt eine einseitig ausgedrehte Mutter 52, die sich über eine Platte 53 auf einem Satz Tellerfedern 55 abstützt, deren unterste an der oberen Stirnseite des Rohrstückes 48 anliegt. Im unteren Flansch jedes Hebels 30 ist eine Ausnehmung 57 vorgesehen, durch die sich jeweils eine Pendelstütze 35 mit Spiel erstreckt. Im Bereich der Ausnehmung 57 ist jeder Hebel 30 durch zwei Bleche 58 verstärkt, die aussen an die Stege des kastenförmigen Hebels 30 angeschweisst sind. In Fig. 3 sind zwischen der Platte 53 und dem unteren Flansch des Hebels 30 zwei kleine hydraulische Pressen 60, 61 mit gestrichelten Linien angedeutet, deren Funktion weiter unten beschrieben wird.Each pendulum support 35 consists of a short threaded bolt 40, which is extended up and down by a welded pipe section 41 and 42, respectively. On the upper end of the pipe section 41 there is a spherical cap 45, on which a pan 46 sits, which is fastened to the upper flange of the lever 30. The lower pipe section 42 is telescopically inserted in a pipe section 48 which is connected to a pan 49 at a lower end. This pan 49 rests on a cap 50 which is welded onto the arm 36. On the threaded bolt 40 sits a nut 52 turned on one side, which is supported by a plate 53 on a set of disc springs 55, the lowest of which rests on the upper end face of the tube piece 48. A recess 57 is provided in the lower flange of each lever 30, through which a pendulum support 35 extends with play. In the area of the recess 57, each lever 30 is reinforced by two sheets 58 which are welded to the outside of the webs of the box-shaped lever 30. In Fig. 3 between the plate 53 and the lower flange of the lever 30 two small hydraulic presses 60, 61 are indicated with dashed lines, the function of which is described below.

Wie aus Fig. 1 zu sehen ist, ist wenig unterhalb der Hebel 30 an den Vertikalzügen 10 und 11 je eine Gurtung 64 bzw. 65 vorgesehen. Die Gurtung 64 besteht aus vier, den Zug 10 umgebenden Biegeträgern 70 bis 73 und die Gurtung 65 aus-vier, den Zug 11 umgebenden Biegeträgern 70' bis 73'. Die Biegeträger sind, wie üblich, an ihren Enden über Laschen auf nicht gezeichnete Weise an den Rohrwänden 12, 13 bzw. 12', 14 angelenkt und durch eine Vielzahl von über die Länge der Biegeträger verteilten Stützen 66 mit der zugehörigen Rohrwand verbunden. In gleicher Weise zusammengesetzte Gurtungen sind über die gesamte Höhe der Vertikalzüge verteilt angeordnet. Diese Gurtungen vermeiden, dass die Rohrwände sich unter dem in den Zügen herrschenden Innendruck nach aussen wölben.As can be seen from FIG. 1, belts 64 and 65 are provided a little below the levers 30 on the vertical trains 10 and 11, respectively. The belt 64 consists of four bending beams 70 to 73 surrounding the train 10 and the belt 65 consists of four bending beams 70 'to 73' surrounding the train 11. The bending beams are, as usual, articulated at their ends via tabs in a manner not shown on the pipe walls 12, 13 or 12 ', 14 and connected to the associated pipe wall by a plurality of supports 66 distributed over the length of the bending beams. Straps composed in the same way are distributed over the entire height of the vertical trains. These tapes prevent the pipe walls from bulging outwards under the internal pressure prevailing in the trains.

Von der Gurtung 64 sind die quer zum Grundriss des Dampferzeugers verlaufenden Biegeträger 71 und 72 über Stützen 75 gegen Verschiebung in Querrichtung des Dampferzeugers am Rahmen 5 abgestützt (Fig. 2). Der Biegeträger 71 ist zusätzlich über Laschen 76 mit dem mittleren Träger des unteren Rahmens 5 verbunden. In gleicher Weise sind die Biegeträger 71' und 72' der Gurtung 65 des Zuges 11 über Stützen 75' und Laschen 76' an dem diesen Zug umgebenden Teil des unteren Rahmens 5 abgestützt. An den Rohrwänden 12, 13 und 12', 14 ist aussen eine Wärmeisolation 80 angebracht, die in Fig. 3 angedeutet ist.The bending beams 71 and 72, which run transversely to the layout of the steam generator, are supported on the frame 5 by supports 75 against displacement in the transverse direction of the steam generator (FIG. 2). The bending beam 71 is additionally connected to the central beam of the lower frame 5 via tabs 76. In the same way, the bending beams 71 'and 72' of the belt 65 of the train 11 are supported by supports 75 'and tabs 76' on the part of the lower frame 5 surrounding this train. A thermal insulation 80, which is indicated in FIG. 3, is attached to the outside of the tube walls 12, 13 and 12 ' , 14.

Die Rohre 17 der Vorderwand 12 des Vertikalzuges 10 münden mit ihren oberen Enden in einen Sammler 78, während die Rohre 17 der Rückwand 13 dieses Zuges zu einem Sammler 79 führen, der parallel zur Rückwand 13 unterhalb des Querzuges 15 angeordnet ist. Das Gurtungssystem 70 bis 76 bildet mit den Teilen 21 bis 38 zusammen das Tragsystem 7 des Vertikalzuges 10. Analog wird das Tragsystem 8 des Zuges 11 von dem Gurtungssystem 70' bis 76' mit zugehörigen Teilen 21 bis 38 gebildet. Die Vielzahl der zweiarmigen Hebel 30 mit den Pendelstützen 35 und den Zugelementen 37 werden erst dadurch zu einem stabilen Tragsystem eines Vertikalzuges, dass die Enden der Hebel 30 in Horizontalrichtung fixiert sind. Diese Fixierung geschieht über die Dorne 31, die Tragbänder 25 usw. und schliesslich durch die Stützen 75, 75' und die Laschen 76, 76' zwischen den Gurtungen 64 und 65 und dem Kesselgerüst.The tubes 17 of the front wall 12 of the vertical train 10 open with their upper ends into a collector 78, while the tubes 17 of the rear wall 13 of this train lead to a collector 79 which is arranged parallel to the rear wall 13 below the transverse train 15. The belt system 70 to 76 together with the parts 21 to 38 forms the support system 7 of the vertical train 10. Analogously, the support system 8 of the train 11 is formed by the belt system 70 'to 76' with associated parts 21 to 38. The large number of two-armed levers 30 with the pendulum supports 35 and the tension elements 37 only become a stable support system of a vertical train in that the ends of the levers 30 are fixed in the horizontal direction. This fixation takes place via the mandrels 31, the carrying straps 25, etc. and finally through the supports 75, 75 'and the tabs 76, 76' between the straps 64 and 65 and the boiler frame.

Bei den dargestellten Tragsystemen können sich die Biegeträger 71 und 71' wegen der Stützen 75 bzw. 75' und der Laschen 76 bzw. 76' nur in vertikaler Richtung im Raume verschieben, wobei diese Vertikalverschiebung sehr gering bleibt, da die Gurtungen nur wenig unterhalb der Abstützung angeordnet sind. Es stellt sich somit in der Mitte der Rohrwände 13 und 14 auf der Höhe der Abstützung an der Aussenfläche der Isolation 80 je ein Fixpunkt F bzw. F' ein, von dem aus die Wärmedehnungsbewegungen strahlenförmig laufen. Der Querzug 15 ist bei dieser Anordnung nachgiebig gestaltet, so dass er seine eigene Längsdehnung selber aufnehmen kann.In the support systems shown, the bending supports 71 and 71 'can only move in the vertical direction in space because of the supports 75 and 75' and the tabs 76 and 76 ', this vertical displacement remaining very small since the straps are only slightly below the Support are arranged. A fixed point F or F 'thus arises in the middle of the tube walls 13 and 14 at the level of the support on the outer surface of the insulation 80, from which the thermal expansion movements run in a radial manner. The transverse pull 15 is designed to be flexible in this arrangement, so that it can absorb its own longitudinal expansion itself.

Die Pendelstützen 35 und die Zugelemente 37 werden zweckmässig auf dem unteren Rahmen 5 derart angeordnet, dass sie bei einem mittleren Dehnungsausschlag vertikal stehen. Auf diese Weise bleiben die Höhenunterschiede bei der Erwärmung des Dampferzeugers aus kaltem Zustand minimal. Um die Höhenunterschiede klein zu halten, werden die Länge der Pendelstütze und die Länge des Zugelementes zweckmässig etwa zehnmal so lang wie die grösste auftretende Horizontaldehnung gewählt.The pendulum supports 35 and the tension elements 37 are expediently arranged on the lower frame 5 in such a way that they are vertical with a medium expansion deflection. In this way, the differences in height when the steam generator is heated from a cold state remain minimal. In order to keep the height differences small, the length of the pendulum support and the length of the tension element are expediently chosen to be about ten times as long as the greatest horizontal expansion that occurs.

Da bei der Montage des Kesselgerüstes und des Dampferzeugers erhebliche Massabweichungen in vertikaler Richtung auftreten können, sind die Pendelstützen 35 in ihrer Länge einstellbar gestaltet. Zum Einstellen werden die beiden hydraulischen Pressen 60 und 61 beidseits des oberen Rohrstückes 41 auf die Platte 53 gestellt und mit solchem Druck beaufschlagt, dass die auf die Unterseite des Hebels 30 ausgeübte Gesamtkraft dem um das Hebelverhältnis korrigierten Lastanteil entspricht, der auf das zugehörige Tragband 25 entfallen soll. Ist dieser Druck eingestellt, so wird die Mutter 52 nach unten gegen die Platte 53 geschraubt und mässig angezogen. Hierauf können die beiden hydraulischen Pressen 60 und 61 entspannt und entfernt werden.Since considerable deviations in dimensions can occur in the vertical direction during the assembly of the boiler frame and the steam generator, the pendulum supports 35 are designed to be adjustable in length. For adjustment, the two hydraulic presses 60 and 61 are placed on the plate 53 on both sides of the upper pipe section 41 and are subjected to such pressure that the total force exerted on the underside of the lever 30 corresponds to the proportion of the load corrected by the lever ratio, which corresponds to the associated carrying band 25 should be omitted. If this pressure is set, the nut 52 is screwed down against the plate 53 and tightened moderately. The two hydraulic presses 60 and 61 can then be relaxed and removed.

Wie schon angedeutet, verlangt die seitlich flexible Abstützung durch Pendelstützen und Zugelemente, dass die Tragbänder 25 seitlich nicht ausweichen können. Diese Bedingung wird durch die seitliche Abstützung der Gurtungen 64 und 65 durch die Stützen 75 bzw. 75' und Laschen 76 bzw. 76' erfüllt. Es kann zweckmässig sein, auch die übrigen, nicht gezeichneten Gurtungen auf analoge Weise am Kesselgerüst abzustützen.As already indicated, the laterally flexible support by pendulum supports and tension elements means that the carrying straps 25 cannot deflect laterally. This condition is met by the lateral support of the straps 64 and 65 by the supports 75 and 75 'and tabs 76 and 76'. It may be appropriate to also open the remaining tapes, not shown support in an analogous manner on the boiler frame.

Das Gewicht des Querzuges 15 kann durch zur Aufnahme von Schwerkräften verstärkte, lange Gurtungen auf die oberhalb der Tragsysteme 7 und 8 liegenden Wandabschnitte der Vertikalzüge übertragen werden. Es können aber auch Konstanthänger vorgesehen sein, über die der Querzug 15 am oberen Rahmen 4 des Kesselgerüstes aufgehängt werden kann.The weight of the transverse train 15 can be transmitted to the wall sections of the vertical trains above the support systems 7 and 8 by long straps which are reinforced to absorb gravitational forces. However, constant hangers can also be provided, by means of which the transverse pull 15 can be suspended from the upper frame 4 of the boiler frame.

Bei der Montage des Dampferzeugers werden zweckmässig von den Tragsystemen 7 und 8 aus, nach unten fortschreitend, die Rohrwände 12, 13 und 12',13 und 121,14 der Vertikalzüge 10 bzw. 11 erstellt. Unabhängig vom Fortschreiten dieser Arbeiten können die nicht dargestellten Bündelheizflächen über die Tragsysteme 7 und 8 hinweg eingebaut werden, während an der Brennkammer des Vertikalzuges 10 bereits die Brenner montiert werden. Von den Bündelheizflächen, die in dem Raum oberhalb der Brennkammer des Vertikalzuges 10 sowie im Vertikalzug 11 zu liegen kommen, sind in Fig. 1 die Tragrohre 81 bzw. 81' zu sehen, die die gemeinsame Decke der Züge 10, 15 und 11 gasdicht durchstossen und am Rahmen 4 in bekannter Weise befestigt sind.When assembling the steam generator, the pipe walls 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 and 121, 14 of the vertical trains 10 and 11 are expediently created from the support systems 7 and 8, proceeding downwards. Regardless of the progress of this work, the bundle heating surfaces, not shown, can be installed over the support systems 7 and 8, while the burners are already being installed on the combustion chamber of the vertical train 10. Of the bundle heating surfaces that come to rest in the space above the combustion chamber of the vertical train 10 and in the vertical train 11, the support tubes 81 and 81 ' can be seen in FIG and are attached to the frame 4 in a known manner.

So können schon die Steuerung und die Leitungen zu den Brennern in einem Zeitpunkt angebaut werden, in dem der Querzug 15 und die oberen Abschnitte der Vertikalzüge 10 und 11 montiert werden. Ein solches Vorgehen gestattet, den bei der Terminplanung kritischen Pfad des Montagevorganges beträchtlich zu verkürzen.In this way, the control and the lines to the burners can be installed at a time when the cross-train 15 and the upper sections of the vertical trains 10 and 11 are installed. Such a procedure allows the path of the assembly process, which is critical in the scheduling, to be shortened considerably.

Um den Querzug 15 nicht nachgiebig ausführen zu müssen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, den Fixpunkt F' des zweiten Zuges 11 auf den Fixpunkt F des ersten Zuges 10 zu bringen, indem beispielsweise der Biegeträger 71' - statt von den Laschen 76' - von Armen geführt wird, die am Gasaustrittsende des Querzuges starr befestigt sind und nach unten auskragen.In order not to have to perform the transverse pull 15 resiliently, it can be advantageous to bring the fixed point F 'of the second train 11 to the fixed point F of the first train 10, for example by the bending beam 71' - instead of the tabs 76 '- of arms is performed, which are rigidly attached to the gas outlet end of the cross train and protrude downwards.

Abweichend von der beschriebenen Ausführungsform können die den zweiten Vertikalzug bildenden Wände aus nicht gasdichtverschweissten Rohren bestehen; dieser Zug würde dann in Skincasing-Bauart erstellt.In a departure from the described embodiment, the walls forming the second vertical train can consist of pipes that are not gas-tight welded; this train would then be created in a skincasing design.

Claims (6)

1. A vapour generator comprising a first vertical flue (10) having a combustion chamber and made from vertical tubes (17) welded together to be sealing tight, an adjacent second vertical flue (11) and a short transverse flue (15) connecting the second vertical flue to the first and disposed in the top zone of the vertical flues (10, 11) and also comprising a boiler frame (2, 4, 5) to support the vapour generator, one support system each (7, 8) being disposed at a height immediately below the transverse flue (15) and being connected to the boiler frame (2, 4 5) just below the transverse flue in order to take the weight of the tube walls (12, 13) of the first vertical flue (10) and of the tube walls (12', 14) of the second vertical flue (11), a strapping (64, 65) which extends around the associated vertical flue (10, 11 respectively) bearing near each support system (7, 8) on the boiler frame (2, 4, 5) in the main horizontal directions, characterised in that each of the support systems comprises a number of two-armed levers (30) each of which bears by way of a link suspension (35) and a tension element (37) on a horizontally extending subframe (5) of the boiler frame (2, 4, 5) and is connected at one end to one of the tube walls (12,13; 12', 14) of the associated flue.
2. A vapour generator according to claim 1, characterised in that each link suspension or swing support (35) and/or each tension element (37) is longitudinally resilient.
3. A vapour generator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the length of the swing supports (35) and/or of the tension elements (37) is adjustable.
4. A vapour generator according to claims 2 and 3, characterised in that hydraulic presses (60, 61) are provided to tension the springs during adjustment of the length of the swing supports (35) or of the tension elements (37).
5. A vapour generator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a plurality of sheet-metal strips (21) and a levelling member (24) are provided between the tube walls (12,13; 12', 14) and each of the two-armed levers (30).
6. A vapour generator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the tubes of the second vertical flue (11) and of the transverse flue (15) are welded to be sealing-tight.
EP81107837A 1981-09-09 1981-10-02 Steam generator with two vertical gas passages connected by a transverse gas passage Expired EP0073851B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH581281 1981-09-09
CH5812/81 1981-09-09

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EP0073851A1 EP0073851A1 (en) 1983-03-16
EP0073851B1 EP0073851B1 (en) 1985-01-16
EP0073851B2 true EP0073851B2 (en) 1988-12-07

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US (1) US4428329A (en)
EP (1) EP0073851B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS5860105A (en)
CA (1) CA1201026A (en)
DE (1) DE3168347D1 (en)
FI (1) FI69920C (en)

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JPS5860105A (en) 1983-04-09
DE3168347D1 (en) 1985-02-28
EP0073851A1 (en) 1983-03-16
FI69920B (en) 1985-12-31
FI69920C (en) 1986-05-26
FI822644A0 (en) 1982-07-28
US4428329A (en) 1984-01-31
FI822644L (en) 1983-03-10
EP0073851B1 (en) 1985-01-16
CA1201026A (en) 1986-02-25

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