EP0071799A2 - Hand firearm with silencer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a handgun with a muffler (9) and a transversely pierced barrel (11) which is surrounded by an expansion space (15) into which the transverse bores open. Through the transverse bores (14) it is achieved that, despite the use of conventional ammunition, the muzzle velocity of the projectiles is less than Mach 1 and thus there is no sonic boom. In order to be able to optionally cancel the associated reduction in projectile energy and fire with full firepower, the transverse bores (14) can optionally be closed by means of a closing device (16), preferably a sleeve surrounding the barrel (11) and rotatably mounted on it () 16), which is provided with an actuating member (21) for setting the open position or the closed position. A tubular section (21), which surrounds the barrel (11) at least over part of its length and delimits the expansion space (15), the two ends of which are connected to the barrel in a sealed manner and rotatably mounted on the barrel (11) can serve as the actuating element and which is rigidly connected to the sleeve (16).

Description

The invention relates to an automatic handgun with a muffler and a cross-drilled through at least one cross hole barrel, which is surrounded by an expansion space into which the cross holes open.

Low-noise handguns are required for special operations, for example at command companies. There are three main sources of noise, namely the muzzle bang, which is based on the expansion of the gases when the projectile has left the barrel, the bang caused by the projectile flying at supersonic speed, and the mechanical movement noise of the generally covered by the first two noises Locking system. The muzzle blast is greatly reduced in known handguns by a muzzle silencer. The bullet bang is eliminated by the bullet not leaving the barrel at supersonic speed but at subsonic speed. The. the associated reduction in energy is accepted during command missions, in which combat is only fought at short range anyway. The shutter noise can be reduced by appropriate processing of the interacting parts.

However, the use of such weapons, as is known for example as the MP 5 SD, is limited to special cases and the weapon cannot be used for normal use because the projectile energy is reduced too much due to the reduced projectile speed. The bullet speed is not achieved by a reduced propellant charge, but the bullet speed is reduced when using conventional ammunition in that the barrel is provided with cross holes that open into an expansion space that surrounds the barrel and is closed to the outside.

In many cases it is now desirable not only to reduce noise and noise in special tasks and command companies to be able to use low-energy handguns, but it should also be possible to use handguns with full projectile energy. Since then, this has required carrying different weapons, which made it very difficult to carry out such actions.

The object of the present invention is to design a silenced handgun of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it optionally also allows projectiles to be fired with at least approximately full, conventional muzzle velocity.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a handgun of the type mentioned at the outset in that a closing device is provided for optionally closing the path from the transverse bore to the expansion space.

In this astonishingly simple, in principle, but difficult to implement, it can be achieved that the silenced handgun can be used both in strong silencing (switching off the muzzle blast and the projectile bang) and in a slightly damped manner (switching off only the muzzle blast), the latter being the case In case the advantage of full projectile energy and penetration is achieved. This double use of the weapon is advantageous for special tasks and command companies, namely after the first phases of the increased sound insulation can be dispensed with and an increased shot power is desired. Since a large number of weapons cannot be carried by command companies, the handgun according to the invention proves to be particularly suitable since it covers a need that has existed for a long time.

The closing device can be designed and designed in a technically different manner. In one embodiment of the invention, a sleeve surrounding the barrel and rotatably supported on it is provided as a closing device, which sleeve is provided with an actuating member for adjusting the open position or the closed position. The closing device is thus designed in the manner of a rotary slide valve.

The muffler provided in any case can serve as an expansion space. However, this requires an appropriate gas flow from the sleeve to the muffler. In order to avoid the operational and constructive difficulties caused by such a relatively long gas flow, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the expansion space is delimited by a tube section which surrounds the barrel by at least part of its length, the two ends of which are connected to the Barrel sealed are connected. If necessary, however, a connection to the muffler can be established. Such an expansion space has a sufficient volume and does not interfere with the weapon.

The actuation of the sleeve in the open position or in the closed position can be carried out in different ways, for example by means of an actuating member which is led out in the form of a radial handle or the like. The pipe section delimiting the expansion space thus simultaneously serves as an actuator for switching the sleeve into the open position or into the closed position. The main advantage here is that, on the one hand, because of the sufficient diameter of the pipe section, a sufficient adjusting force can be applied to the sleeve and, on the other hand, that no protruding levers or fittings, possibly giving rise to malfunctions or disabilities, are required for actuating the sleeve.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sleeve is provided on its inner surface with machined longitudinal grooves which open at one end into the sleeve wall penetrating transverse bores and the other end extends into the area of the holes machined into the barrel. The cross bores, together with the longitudinal grooves, form a connection system that leads from the barrel through its cross bores to the expansion space.

The torsionally rigid connection between the pipe section and the sleeve can be brought about, for example, by screwing or pinning, which, however, does not allow rapid detachability. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the pipe section with the Sleeve connected via a positive coupling, which can be disengaged by axial displacement. The coupling thus consists of an outer ring gear of the sleeve and a matching inner ring gear of the pipe section. Such a coupling reliably transmits the occurring forces and is easy to dismantle and put back together.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pipe section can be plugged on together with the muffler silencer adjoining the barrel mouth. So the pipe section with the muzzle damper is assembled into one unit. This has above all handling advantages because the muffler, the pipe section and the sleeve are mostly used together anyway.

For this purpose, the pipe section and the muffler are preferably provided with a common end piece which can be connected to the barrel in the region of the barrel mouth in the manner of a bayonet lock. Such a bayonet lock creates a connection by a combination of a sliding and a rotary movement. Bayonet connectors are components known in the art as bayonet catches.

• Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Waffe mit angesetztem Mündungsschalldämpfer,
• Fig. 2 einen Teil-Längsschnitt durch den Lauf und die angrenzenden, der Schalldämpfung dienenden Teile der Waffe nach Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3,4 Querschnitte entsprechend den Linien III-III, und 5 IV, V-V der Fig. 2,
• Fig. 6 einen der Fig. 2 ähnlichen Schnitt durch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Waffe,
• Fig. 7 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils VII in Fig. 6,
• Fig. 8
• und 9 Einzelheiten des Ventils in Fig. 6.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in a simplified and schematic representation, which is explained below. In a simplified and schematic representation, omitting details that are not necessary for understanding the invention:

• 1 shows a first embodiment of a weapon with an attached muffler,
• 2 shows a partial longitudinal section through the barrel and the adjacent parts of the weapon according to FIG.
• 3.4 cross-sections according to lines III-III, and 5 IV, VV of Fig. 2,
• 6 a section similar to FIG. 2 through a second embodiment of a weapon,
• 7 is a view in the direction of arrow VII in Fig. 6,
• Fig. 8
• and 9 details of the valve in FIG. 6.

The submachine gun shown in FIG. 1 comprises a housing 1 with a hand guard 10 covering the barrel, a sight 2 and a loading device 3. The weapon also comprises a pistol grip 4 ′ with a trigger box 5 and a trigger 6, and a shoulder rest 7 Rod magazine 8 and a muffler 9, which is attached to the barrel muzzle. The weapon according to the illustration in FIG. 1 is known (MP 5 SD 3 from Heckler & Koch GmbH).

2, a barrel 11, which has a cartridge chamber 12 at its rear end, is closed by a breech 13, which is only indicated in the drawing. Cross bores 14 penetrating the barrel wall are machined into the barrel at a short distance in front of the cartridge chamber 12. Through these cross bores 14, propellant gas penetrates into an expansion space 15 after the launch, whereby the energy imparted to the projectile is reduced so much even when using conventional ammunition that the muzzle velocity of the projectile is below the speed of sound, thereby avoiding the bullet bang (supersonic bang) .

In order to be able to interrupt this connection at will, as a result of which a shot can be fired with full projectile energy, a sleeve 16 is rotatably supported to a limited extent on the barrel 11, being axially fixed by a cross pin 17 which engages in an outer circumferential annular groove 18. In the sleeve 16 three longitudinal channels 19 are incorporated evenly distributed around the circumference in the inner surface, which merge into a transverse bore 20 at their end facing the barrel mouth, which penetrates the sleeve wall and which opens into the expansion space 15. With an appropriate angular position of the sleeve 16 relative to the barrel 11, the channels 19 each cover one of the transverse bores 14 with their end adjacent to the closure 13. On the other hand, if the sleeve 16 is pivoted from this position by, for example, 30 °, as shown in FIG. 4, then the longitudinal channels 19 are offset tangentially to the transverse bores 14 and thereby closed. To achieve a seal between the sleeve and barrel, the opposite surfaces can be designed in the manner of a labyrinth seal.

The expansion space 15 is delimited towards the outside by a tube section 21 which can be slid onto the sleeve 16 in its area adjacent to the closure 13, a sealing ring 22 being inserted into an annular groove. The tube section 21 is provided with an internal toothing 23 and the sleeve 16 is provided with an external toothing 24 which engage with one another when the tube section 21 is attached. By rotating the pipe section 21, the sleeve 16 can thus also be rotated. The other end of the tube section 21, which is adjacent to the mouth of the barrel 11, is through a ring 25 completed, on which the muffler 9 is attached with its end facing the closure 13. The ring 25 can be slid axially onto the mouth region of the barrel 11 and, limited by a pin 26, can be pivoted through a predetermined angle. Within the expansion space 15, a support ring 27 is fastened to the barrel, on which a helical compression spring 28 rests, which is supported on the other hand on the end face of the ring 25 facing it. The spring 28 presses the ring 25 and thus the pipe section 21 in the weft direction if the pipe section 21 is not secured by a bayonet lock 32/33, which is incorporated into the ring 25 and barrel 11 and whose pivoting angle is limited by the pin 26.

The barrel 11 is provided on its outer surface in the region of the front end of the sleeve 16 with longitudinal grooves 29 which receive the axial webs 30 when the sleeve 16 is slid on and thus fix the radial position of the sleeve 16 relative to the barrel 11. The - in each case the same - locking position shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 corresponds to the position for unreduced full projectile energy: the transverse bores 14 are covered by the sleeve 16. If the sleeve 16 is now taken along via the toothing 23/24 by rotating the pipe section 21, then the clockwise rotation causes the transverse bores 14 to be covered by the channels 19, which corresponds to the position for reduced projectile energy. When rotating counterclockwise, the channels 19 remain covered by the sleeve 16 - on the ring 25 and barrel 11, the Einrenkelemente return to the starting position and the muffler 9 can be closed together with the pipe section 21 can be withdrawn axially from the barrel 11, the teeth 23, 24 coming out of engagement.

Since the tube section 21 can assume an increased temperature when firing bursts of fire, the hand protection 10 is usually attached, which covers the tube section 21 and is preferably connected to the tube section 21 in a rotationally rigid manner.

The expansion space 15 could be emptied to the outside in individual shots through the cross bores 20, the longitudinal channels 19 and the cross bores 14, the barrel bore and the muffler 9. When firing bursts, however, this is not possible and therefore the ring 25 is axially pierced to establish a direct connection from the expansion space 15 to the interior of the muffler 9, the interior of which in turn is vented to the outside in a known manner. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a threaded bushing 52 is screwed into a locking piece 50 which is fixed relative to the cartridge chamber 12, in such a way that its longitudinal axis is directed radially to the barrel 54. The threaded bushing 52 has a bore, which is formed approximately in the middle and upper part in the illustration in FIG. 6 as a smooth bore 56 and widens in its part closest to the barrel 54 to a funnel-shaped space 58. The funnel-shaped surface has the reference number 59. In the part which is furthest away from the barrel 54, the bore of the threaded bush 52 is designed as a threaded bore 60. A bolt 62 is arranged in the bore 56. It has a valve disk 64, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the bore 56 and which, in the position shown, bears against the funnel-shaped surface 59. Following the valve plate 64, the pin 62 is tapered at 66, so that it has a smaller diameter here than the bore 56; then the bolt 66 has a diameter corresponding to the bore 56 and then continues as a pin 68 projecting outward beyond the threaded bushing 62, onto which a pinion 70 is placed and secured by means of a transverse pin 72. Before the pinion 70 was connected to the pin 68, the pinion was screwed into the threaded bore 60 of the threaded bushing 52 with an externally threaded section 74. By rotating the pinion 70, starting from the position shown, the valve plate 64 can be lifted off the conical surface 58 and, when the pinion 70 is rotated in the opposite direction, can be brought back into contact with the surface 58.

The funnel-shaped space 58 is in the form of an annular channel 76 provided on the outside of the barrel 54 Connection into which cross bores 80 penetrate the barrel. The bore 56 is connected via five further bores 82 arranged in a star shape to an annular channel 84 provided on the outside of the threaded bushing 52, into which a bore 86 which penetrates the locking piece 50 and which connects to the expansion space 88 opens. Only one of the bores 82 is visible in the drawing.

On a sheet metal part 89 connected to the locking piece 50 and the outer wall 87 of the expansion chamber, a wheel 90 is mounted on a bolt 92 about an axis of rotation extending radially to the barrel 54, and the wheel 90 has a toothing 94 on part of its circumference, which is shown in FIG the toothing 96 of the pinion 70 engages. On the downward-facing surface of the wheel 90, a strong sheet 98 is attached as a handle. The two ends of a compression spring 104, which is formed by a strong wire with a rectangular cross section and is designed as a coil spring, are fastened to a bolt 100 arranged in front of the bolt 92 and to a pin 102 on the wheel 90, as shown in FIG. 7. The spring 104 endeavors to rotate the wheel 90 clockwise in the illustration in FIG. 7 and thereby to rotate the pinion 60 counterclockwise and thus to move the pin 66 radially outward relative to the barrel 54 and to move the valve disk 64 to the surface 58 to press. In this position, the path for the combustion gases from the interior of the barrel 54 via the cross bores 80 into the expansion chamber 88 is blocked. The silencer is therefore ineffective and the projectile receives the maximum possible energy. The strong pressure that occurs when a shot is fired above the valve plate 64 only presses the valve plate 64 stronger against the conical surface 58, so that the seal is guaranteed.

If the shooter rotates the wheel 90 counterclockwise, the pinion 70 is hereby rotated clockwise and the valve disk 64 is thereby lifted off the surface 58. The valve formed by these two parts just mentioned is thus opened. When a shot is fired, part of the combustion gases escape through the transverse bores 80 and pass the valve plate 64 and through the bores 82 into the expansion chamber 88, reducing the velocity of the projectile to subsonic speed. The combustion gases now flowing quickly past the valve plate 64 prevent any dirt from settling on the valve plate and cause the valve plate to be cleaned. In the position raised from the surface 58, the valve disk 64 is supported by the thread 74 and the cross pin 72. In this position, the upper end of the threaded portion 74 abuts an end surface 106 of the threaded bore 60.

The swivel angle of the wheel 90 is approximately 105 °. When the wheel 90 is rotated between its two end positions, the wheel 90 passes through a central position in which the compression spring 104 is maximally compressed. The toothing of the wheel 90 extends over an angle of approximately 105 ° and has 17 teeth.

The pinion 70 has 11 teeth with a tip circle diameter of 10.4 mm. The threaded bore 60 is an M 6 thread. The external thread section 74 of the pinion has a length of approximately 5.5 mm. The external thread of the threaded bush 72, with which it is screwed into the locking piece 50, is a thread M 18 x 1 and has a length of 7 mm. The further bores 82 have a diameter of 2.4 mm. The inside diameter of the bore 56 is 6 mm. On its side facing the valve plate 64, a flat recess 99 is also provided on the barrel 54, by which it is ensured that the valve plate 64 can be raised sufficiently far to open the valve formed by it and the flow of the combustion gases from the annular channel 76 in the bore 56 is not hindered. In this exemplary embodiment, too, the transverse bores 80 are at a small distance, namely at a distance of approximately 1 to 2 mm, from the cartridge chamber 12. The barrel 54 has a 9 mm caliber.

8 and 9 show the threaded bushing 52 and the bolt 62 on a larger scale. The threaded bushing 52 is 16.5 mm long, the bolt 62 has a total length of 23.5 mm. Further dimensions can be found in the scale FIGS. 8 and 9.

It goes without saying that the threaded section 74 can also be actuated directly by hand instead of by the described transmission if a suitable handle is provided. Other devices for opening and closing the valve are also possible.

The reference numerals in the claims are not restricted, but are only for easier understanding.

Claims (16)

1. Handgun with a muffler and a cross-drilled barrel, which is surrounded by an expansion space into which the cross hole opens, characterized in that a locking device (16, 58, 64, 70, 90) for optionally closing the path from the cross hole to the expansion room is provided. 2. Handgun according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing device is a sleeve (16) surrounding the barrel (11) and rotatably mounted thereon, which is provided with an actuating member (21) for adjusting the open position or the closed position. 3. Handgun according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the expansion space (15) by a barrel (11) is delimited at least over part of its length by a surrounding tube section (21), the two ends of which are sealed to the barrel . 4. Handgun according to claim 3, characterized in that the tube section (21) rotatably mounted on the barrel (11) and torsionally rigid (23, 24) with the sleeve (16) is connected. 5. Handgun according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the sleeve (16) is provided on its inner surface with incorporated longitudinal channels (19) which open at one end in the sleeve wall penetrating cross bores (20) and the other end thereof in the area of the transverse bores (14) machined into the barrel (11). 6. Handgun according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the tube section (21) with the sleeve (16) via a positive coupling (23, 24) is connected, which can be disengaged by axial displacement. 7. Handgun according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the tube section (21) together with the muzzle silencer (9) adjoining the barrel mouth can be plugged on. 8. Handgun according to claim 7, characterized in that the tube section (21) and the muffler (9) are provided with a common connector (25) which can be connected in the manner of a bayonet lock with the barrel (11) in the region of the barrel muzzle is. 9. Handgun according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that a hand guard (10) is attached to the tube section (21). 10. Handgun according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing device has a longitudinally movable bolt (66) in a bore (56), that the bore widens at one end in a funnel shape (58) and the bolt at the same end one to the Funnel-shaped extension adapted valve plate (64) has that the funnel-shaped extension communicates with the transverse bore (80), that the space of the bore (56) separated from the funnel-shaped extension by the valve plate is in communication with the expansion space (80) and that a user-operated device (70, 90) for moving the valve plate into a position raised from the funnel surface (58) of the funnel-shaped extension and into a position adjacent to the funnel surface is provided. 11. Handgun according to claim 10, characterized in that a plurality of transverse bores (80) are provided which open on the outside of the barrel (54) into an annular channel (76) which is connected to the locking device. 12. Handgun according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the bore (56) is provided in a threaded bush (52). 13. Handgun according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the bolt (66) with an external thread section (74) is in drive connection, which is guided screwably in a threaded bore (60), and in that a device (70, 90) is provided for rotating the external thread section. 14. Handgun according to claim 13, characterized in that a device (104) for securing the two possible working positions of the bolt is provided. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the external thread section (74) carries a pinion (70), in which engages at least on a part of its circumference provided with teeth wheel (90) with a larger effective diameter than the pinion (70) that the wheel carries a handle and that a device (104) is provided for holding the wheel in two end positions. 16. Handgun according to claim 15, characterized in that on the wheel (90) a compression spring (104) engages with one end, the other end of which is attached to a point of the handgun which is immovable relative to the barrel (54) and that the relaxed length the compression spring is greater than the shortest distance between the two fastening points of the compression spring when the wheel is turned.

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