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EP0071123A1 - Dispositif pour réchauffer et/ou sécher, au moyen de micro-ondes, des matériaux plats passant à travers ce dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif pour réchauffer et/ou sécher, au moyen de micro-ondes, des matériaux plats passant à travers ce dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071123A1
EP0071123A1 EP82106440A EP82106440A EP0071123A1 EP 0071123 A1 EP0071123 A1 EP 0071123A1 EP 82106440 A EP82106440 A EP 82106440A EP 82106440 A EP82106440 A EP 82106440A EP 0071123 A1 EP0071123 A1 EP 0071123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
web
microwave
elements
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82106440A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0071123B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Georg Dr. Fitzky
Franz Schmitt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agfa Gevaert AG
Original Assignee
Agfa Gevaert AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agfa Gevaert AG filed Critical Agfa Gevaert AG
Publication of EP0071123A1 publication Critical patent/EP0071123A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0071123B1 publication Critical patent/EP0071123B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/16—Drying webs by electrical heating
    • D21F5/167—Microwave heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B2206/046—Microwave drying of wood, ink, food, ceramic, sintering of ceramic, clothes, hair

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the uniform heating and / or drying of broad, thin sheets of paper, plastic, textiles and photographic materials using a microwave-powered energy transfer device, which consists of symmetrical, two-part pipelines which are connected to one another to carry out the material .
  • microwaves offer higher specific heating outputs because the heat generated in the material due to the dielectric loss increases proportionally with the frequency.
  • the quadratic field strength dependence of the dielectric losses contributes to the formation of local overheating.
  • the arrangement according to GB 2 042 703 A attempts to reduce the effect of standing waves in pipelines oriented transversely to the web direction by using two pipelines with different positions of the electrical field maxima in relation to the point of action of the material passing through.
  • the aim is a coincidence of the maximum field strength in the first pipeline with the minimum field strength in the second pipeline.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, with which it is possible in a simple manner both uniform heating and drying of the material, in particular the coatings of carrier materials, as well as, if adhered to to achieve the fastest possible drying at certain maximum temperatures.
  • an arrangement of several parallel, two-part and short-circuited pipe conductors is used in the claimed method, which is oriented in the web running direction are.
  • the length of the individual pipelines is tuned to a whole multiple of half the tube wavelength, the number of half-wavelengths is chosen so large that, taking into account the microwave absorption by the web material, an approx. 50% absorption when the microwave is first run through the pipe system fed at the end is carried out.
  • the excitation in the pipeline is formed by a predominant proportion of continuous waves and a smaller proportion of standing waves.
  • Another key characteristic of the device is the parallel feeding of the individual pipelines by separate microwave generators and circulators, the individual control and regulation of the power supplied by iris couplers at the ends and the practically completely uniform heating of the material in the transverse direction by slightly interlacing the pipeline direction with respect to the Direction of the material.
  • Standing waves in the individual pipeline do not cause uneven heating of the material transversely to the running direction, because the piping is arranged in the running direction and differs only a few degrees with it.
  • All pipe halves are integrated in two mirror-symmetrical metallic half-shells, one of which is used for the introduction of the material and for cleaning. g un gs populationen is designed hinged. Maintaining maximum material temperatures is achieved by the constant control of the microwave excitation acting in each pipe and by the process of direct current heating, ie the same direction of rotation of the material and the microwave fed in.
  • the parallel pipelines are connected to each other to suppress radiation and coupling with larger gap widths by conductive webs. These webs reduce the undesired electromagnetic coupling between the individual pipelines, which are guided in parallel at a short distance.
  • the width of the webs is in the range of 20 to 200% of the gap width and is selected according to the microwave absorption by the material.
  • the individual pipelines represent highly damped microwave resonators that are operated at the frequency of the generator. The resonators are damped by the absorption of the material. For a given microwave absorption of the material, the damping of the resonance increases with the length of the tube layer. The shaft is almost completely absorbed in the material during one pass. For a given pipe length, the attenuation increases with the absorption of the material, e.g. with increasing water content.
  • the web width can therefore be reduced be chosen relatively low.
  • the web width must be chosen larger with a low absorption of the material (low moisture).
  • the microwave will run back and forth with an absorption of more than 75%. This results in a relatively low ripple in the field profile along the pipe and the maximum electric field strength that occurs is severely limited, so that electrical discharges from metallic edges are avoided, which is of great importance when drying photographic material or thermally sensitive layers.
  • the high microwave absorption of the material is found mainly in the initial stages of 'drying (the wet area), may in advanced drying and the so-called residual moisture range (about equilibrium moisture content compared to the relative humidity of the ambient or entraining air) the microwave absorption to less than 1 db / m drop.
  • the undesirable electro-magnetic, predominantly electrical coupling increases with less material absorption.
  • the web width is increased to up to 200% of the gap width between the half-shells.
  • a special possibility of suppressing the coupling between adjacent pipelines was found in a surprisingly simple manner by the alternating arrangement of the pipelines, that is to say by alternately displacing adjacent pipelines by A / 4 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the coupling via the electrical component is suppressed to such an extent that the electrical and magnetrical maxima of the standing wave component lie opposite one another in adjacent pipelines.
  • This type of arrangement is This is an advantage especially when there is a high proportion of standing waves, ie with a short pipe length and / or low material absorption (residual moisture range).
  • the size of the permissible gap width between the half shells containing the pipe halves is ultimately limited by the radiation to the outside. Even with a very large web width (more than 200% of the gap width), the gap width must remain below half the free space wavelength. At 2450 MHz, values of 40 mm can be achieved in extreme cases. However, gap widths of 10 to 25 mm are preferred. With gap widths above about 20% of the free space wavelength, the distortion of the electrical field profile of the H 10 wave results in an increasing decoupling of material passed through, so that at 2450 MHz gap widths over 25 mm are of little importance (for thin, dense materials up to approx. 1 mm). By using lower frequencies, eg 915 MHz, correspondingly larger gap widths can be achieved.
  • the tuning of the pipeline elements to resonance with the feeding microwave takes place by means of short-circuit slides and / or dielectric rods in the pipeline elements of both half-shells, which can be introduced more or less into the pipeline elements by means of adjusting devices.
  • the coupling elements for microwave energy the so-called iris couplers, which determine the strength of the magnetic coupling between the rectangular pipe feed line coming from the generator and the pipe elements serve primarily to adjust the range of services transverse to the train.
  • a low-reflection setting is preferably carried out with the variable iris coupler, the reflected power being checked at the output of the circulator. If the pipelines are tuned to resonate with the short-circuit slides, any heating profiles can be realized with the iris couplers, for example, the increased heating of the edge parts. Setting to the same heating power per cm of web width is preferred, it being possible to compensate for different output power of the generators.
  • the setting of the iris couplers can be done either manually or automatically, for example by checking the local web temperature.
  • the arrangement of the iris couplers is preferably at a distance of a quarter tube wavelength from the end of the tube elements.
  • square-working detectors are arranged opposite the coupling point in the hinged half-shell. These not only serve to monitor the microwave excitation during operation, but they are also used to adjust the resonance tuning of the pipeline with the variably adjustable short-circuit slides.
  • the microwave energy is fed in on the inlet side of the web.
  • Effective use of the dryer or heating device includes rapid heating of the material on the inlet side to the maximum permissible material temperature and maintaining this value as evenly as possible during the passage through the effective range of the dryer.
  • the application of the so-called direct current principle meets this requirement.
  • the direction of travel of material and microwave radiation in the pipelines are rectified.
  • the microwave is fed in on the inlet side of the material.
  • the highest microwave power density on the inlet side causes a rapid rise in temperature in the material, while the microwave intensity, which exponentially decreases in the direction of travel in the pipeline, mainly serves to cover the heat of vaporization.
  • This principle of the present tendency is often that the temperature of the material on the exit side of the dryer is significantly higher than in many B-rich e of the dryer, is counteracted. Details of the temperature profile of the material as it passes through the dryer naturally depend strongly on the material properties and the residence time in the dryer.
  • a particularly important feature of the arrangement according to the invention is the slight entanglement of the longitudinal direction of the pipeline with respect to the running direction of the material.
  • the setting of the angle ⁇ between the running direction of the material (web edge) and the longitudinal direction of the pipeline serves to achieve uniform heating across the web.
  • ⁇ O
  • only a slight heating would result in the area of the webs.
  • These strips of low heating become increasingly smaller as the angle e increases from zero until, depending on the web width, there is a value ⁇ 'at which there is a slight undulation of the local heating profile across the web.
  • This optimal angle ⁇ ' is reached when there is an approximately 10 to 20% overlap of the strips of material captured by the pipelines.
  • the microwave generators be adjusted in a preferred embodiment, at frequencies of 915 MHz or 2450 M H z.
  • the entirety of the pipe halves of each half-shell is covered by a gas-tight cover with a thin, low-loss film to prevent contamination of the pipe ducts or condensation.
  • This cover lies directly on the surface of the half-shells and is continuously fixed in the area of the webs and on the edge of the half-shells by nozzle heads sunk at periodic intervals.
  • the nozzle heads located in the web area are used to supply trailing air, nitrogen and protective gases when flammable vapors are removed in order to ensure their removal without condensation.
  • the gases are fed from the back of the half-shells and can be tempered.
  • a microwave heating and / or drying device 1 is shown in the opened state in a simplified form.
  • the web 2 to be dried is moved through the device 1 from the left (arrow).
  • the microwave device 1 consists of two half-shells 1a, 1b which are hingedly connected to one another, for example with hinges.
  • Pipe conductors 3 are machined parallel to one another in the shells and are arranged at an angle cC in an angle to the web running direction.
  • the entanglement 5 by the angle ⁇ serves to achieve a uniform heating of the web 2 transversely to its running direction.
  • the angle can be adjusted either by changing the web running direction or by rotating the device 1 relative to the web running direction so that the slightest ripple of the local heating profile transversely to the web 2 is produced.
  • the setting 5 causes approximately a 10 to 20% overlap of the strips of material captured by the pipelines 3.
  • the energy is supplied to the microwave device 1 from a microwave generator 6 via a circulator 7 and a rectangular pipeline 9 and transmitted to the pipeline 3 via an iris coupler 4.
  • short-circuit slides 8 are arranged in all pipelines 3 to tune the pipeline 3 for resonance.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial section through the half-shells 1a, 1b of the microwave device 1 with mirror-symmetrical construction.
  • the pipe conductors 3 are rectangular and are interrupted by a gap S through which the web 2 is guided.
  • the pipe conductors 3 are formed by the shells 1a, 1b and the conductive webs 15.
  • the width b of the individual pipe elements 3 is dimensioned in accordance with the design of the H 10 field type. (The field type in the right pipe is of the H10 (TE-10) type).
  • the width f of the conductive webs 15 between the adjacent pipe halves 3 is between 20 and 200% of the gap width S.
  • FIG. 3 shows a microwave device 1 with all devices according to the invention.
  • the web 2 was cut and the upper half-shell 1b was partly cut and shown unfolded.
  • the web 2 is passed in the direction of the arrow over rollers through the device 1.
  • the energy for heating and drying the web 2 is generated by microwave generators 6 via circulators 7, rectangular feed lines 9 of the device 1 and fed into the pipeline 3 with iris couplers 4.
  • the iris couplers 4 determine the strength of the magnetic coupling between the rectangular pipe feed lines 9 coming from the generator 6 and the pipe elements 3, can be adjusted by adjusting devices 16 and protrude into the border area between the pipe elements 3 and 9.
  • the R ohrleiterieri 3 are drawn in dashed lines in the lower shell half 1a and the associated upper parts in the upper shell half 1b.
  • the length of the pipe short-circuited on both sides 3 is n times half the tube wavelength ⁇ , where n can be between 2 and 20.
  • the resonance of the microwave energy in the device is set with short-circuit slides 8, which are adjustable with an adjusting device 17.
  • Dielectric tuning elements 14 can also be used for tuning.
  • square-working detectors 12 are arranged opposite the coupling point. These detectors 12 serve both to monitor the microwave energy during operation and to tune the resonance of the pipe conductors 3 with the short-circuit slides 8 or the dielectric tuning elements 14.
  • each half-shell 1a, 1b is reinforced with glass fabric by a gas-tight cover with a thin, low-loss film 10, preferably made of approx. 0.2 mm thick PTEE (Teflon), to prevent contamination of the pipe ducts or condensation.
  • a gas-tight cover with a thin, low-loss film 10, preferably made of approx. 0.2 mm thick PTEE (Teflon), to prevent contamination of the pipe ducts or condensation.
  • This cover 10 lies directly on the surface of the half-shells 1a, 1b and is continuously fixed in the region of the webs and on the edge of the half-shells 1a, 1b by nozzle heads 11 sunk at periodic intervals.
  • the nozzle heads 11 located in the web area serve to supply air or gases when flammable vapors are removed in order to ensure their removal without the formation of condensation.
  • the drag air is supplied from the rear of the half-shells 1a, 1b and can be tempered beforehand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP82106440A 1981-07-31 1982-07-17 Dispositif pour réchauffer et/ou sécher, au moyen de micro-ondes, des matériaux plats passant à travers ce dispositif Expired EP0071123B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3130358 1981-07-31
DE19813130358 DE3130358A1 (de) 1981-07-31 1981-07-31 Vorrichtung zur erwaermung und/oder trocknung durchlaufender flaechenhafter materialien mit mikrowellen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071123A1 true EP0071123A1 (fr) 1983-02-09
EP0071123B1 EP0071123B1 (fr) 1985-10-02

Family

ID=6138269

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82106440A Expired EP0071123B1 (fr) 1981-07-31 1982-07-17 Dispositif pour réchauffer et/ou sécher, au moyen de micro-ondes, des matériaux plats passant à travers ce dispositif

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0071123B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5826979A (fr)
DE (2) DE3130358A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0580100A3 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1995-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Procédé de fabrication de film photographique à base d'ester de cellulose.
RU2159992C1 (ru) * 1999-07-07 2000-11-27 Герасимов Михаил Николаевич Установка для тепловой обработки, например, текстильных материалов
US6323470B2 (en) 1998-07-16 2001-11-27 Philip S. Schmidt Method for rapid drying of coated materials with close capture of vapors
US6901683B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2005-06-07 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for electromagnetic drying of printed media
EP1319914A3 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2006-05-31 Vyzkumny Ustav Textilnich Stroju Liberec a.s. Sécheur à micro-ondes pour tissus

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI74062C (fi) * 1985-12-12 1987-12-10 Imatran Voima Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer minskning hoegfrekvent elenergi av fuktighetsdifferenserna hos en roerlig bana medelst.
DE102008038215A1 (de) * 2008-08-18 2010-02-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trocknung einer Papierbahn
DE102013009064B3 (de) * 2013-05-28 2014-07-31 Püschner GmbH + Co. KG Mikrowellen-Durchlaufofen
CN105202882B (zh) * 2014-06-13 2017-06-13 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 极片干燥装置
CN105928361A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-09-07 马宁 一种微波干燥机大容量机箱

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1050493A (fr) *
US3355812A (en) * 1965-08-04 1967-12-05 Fitchburg Paper Drying by high frequency electric field
US3528179A (en) * 1968-10-28 1970-09-15 Cryodry Corp Microwave fluidized bed dryer
DE1615312A1 (de) * 1966-11-10 1972-03-02 Hirst Ltd Hohlleiteranordnung fuer eine Mikrowellen-Heizeinrichtung
US3672066A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-27 Bechtel Int Corp Microwave drying apparatus
GB2042703A (en) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-24 Ciba Geigy Ag Drying of Web Material

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3449836A (en) * 1967-10-25 1969-06-17 Bechtel Int Corp Air suspension system in microwave drying
US3475827A (en) * 1967-12-06 1969-11-04 Bechtel Int Corp R.f. seal in microwave drier

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1050493A (fr) *
US3355812A (en) * 1965-08-04 1967-12-05 Fitchburg Paper Drying by high frequency electric field
DE1615312A1 (de) * 1966-11-10 1972-03-02 Hirst Ltd Hohlleiteranordnung fuer eine Mikrowellen-Heizeinrichtung
US3528179A (en) * 1968-10-28 1970-09-15 Cryodry Corp Microwave fluidized bed dryer
US3672066A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-27 Bechtel Int Corp Microwave drying apparatus
GB2042703A (en) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-24 Ciba Geigy Ag Drying of Web Material

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0580100A3 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1995-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Procédé de fabrication de film photographique à base d'ester de cellulose.
US6323470B2 (en) 1998-07-16 2001-11-27 Philip S. Schmidt Method for rapid drying of coated materials with close capture of vapors
RU2159992C1 (ru) * 1999-07-07 2000-11-27 Герасимов Михаил Николаевич Установка для тепловой обработки, например, текстильных материалов
EP1319914A3 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2006-05-31 Vyzkumny Ustav Textilnich Stroju Liberec a.s. Sécheur à micro-ondes pour tissus
US6901683B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2005-06-07 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for electromagnetic drying of printed media
US6938358B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2005-09-06 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for electromagnetic drying of printed media

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3130358A1 (de) 1983-02-17
JPS5826979A (ja) 1983-02-17
EP0071123B1 (fr) 1985-10-02
DE3266685D1 (en) 1985-11-07

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