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EP0070775A1 - Wasser-Natrium Dampferzeuger - Google Patents

Wasser-Natrium Dampferzeuger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0070775A1
EP0070775A1 EP82401331A EP82401331A EP0070775A1 EP 0070775 A1 EP0070775 A1 EP 0070775A1 EP 82401331 A EP82401331 A EP 82401331A EP 82401331 A EP82401331 A EP 82401331A EP 0070775 A1 EP0070775 A1 EP 0070775A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sodium
steam generator
liquid sodium
enclosure
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82401331A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0070775B1 (de
Inventor
André Baudoin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novatome SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Novatome SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Creusot Loire SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novatome SA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Novatome SA
Publication of EP0070775A1 publication Critical patent/EP0070775A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0070775B1 publication Critical patent/EP0070775B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/12—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing overpressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to steam generators of the sodium-water type used in particular in nuclear power plants.
  • boiler supplies heat to the fluid of a closed loop circuit, the fluid heated to éircu- lant then in a steam generator to transfer its heat to water which is transformed into steam, this vapor then being sent to the turbines of the power station.
  • liquid sodium as a fluid for transporting calories from the boiler to the steam generator.
  • the steam generator consists of a heat exchanger, the primary circuit of which contains liquid sodium and the secondary circuit of which contains water transformed into vapor.
  • a primary circuit containing liquid sodium includes a steam generator, the upper part of which encloses a gas pocket and also includes an expansion tank connected to the circuit by large-diameter piping, located at a certain distance of the steam generator, there was a phenomenon of mass oscillations between the two gas pockets during accidental sodium-water reactions or during simulations of these reactions which are carried out to test the installation.
  • This rocking phenomenon is similar to that which would exist in a system of communicating vessels closed at their upper part and into which a very high gas flow is suddenly injected into one of the two vessels.
  • the present invention aims mainly to overcome these various drawbacks.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a sodium-water type steam generator, in particular for nuclear power plants, comprising a primary circuit consisting of an elongated enclosure in which circulates liquid sodium introduced into the enclosure at an inlet zone and discharged from the enclosure at an exit zone, and a secondary circuit consisting of a plurality of water circulation tubes extending inside the enclosure.
  • a reservoir open only downwards, immersed in the sodium contained in the enclosure, and at least partially filled with an inert gas, so as to constitute in the enclosure, at the level of the sodium outlet zone, an expansion tank limiting the propagation of a pressure wave resulting from an accidental chemical reaction between sodium and water.
  • the invention also relates to the assembly of a heat transfer circuit in particular for nuclear power plants, comprising liquid sodium circulating in closed loops.
  • such a heat transfer circuit comprises, bypass, an expansion tank connected to the circuit by a small diameter pipe allowing, in known manner, the sodium transfers from the tank to the circuit or vice versa, during thermal variations, and on the other hand passes through the primary circuit of a steam generator as described above, that is to say a steam generator comprising, inside its enclosure of the primary circuit, at level of the sodium outlet zone, a tank open only downwards, immersed in the sodium contained in the enclosure, and at least partially filled with inert gas so as to constitute a free level limiting the propagation of a pressure resulting from an accidental chemical reaction between sodium and water.
  • a steam generator comprising, inside its enclosure of the primary circuit, at level of the sodium outlet zone, a tank open only downwards, immersed in the sodium contained in the enclosure, and at least partially filled with inert gas so as to constitute a free level limiting the propagation of a pressure resulting from an accidental chemical reaction between sodium and water.
  • FIG. 1 there is a secondary cooling circuit for nuclear power plants, the general scheme of which is entirely conventional.
  • a set of pipes 1, 2, 3 which transport in closed circuit liquid sodium.
  • the liquid sodium circulates so as to take the calories in the intermediate exchanger 5 to give them to the steam generator 6 by causing, in this steam generator, the transformation of water into steam in the secondary circuit, this steam being used to conventional way to turn the power station turbines.
  • the liquid sodium return by the pipe 3 to the circulation pump 4, before restarting its cycle.
  • the steam generator 6 is therefore a heat exchanger whose primary circuit continues with liquid sodium and whose secondary circuit contains water. If a rupture occurs in this steam generator causing a mixture of a certain quantity of sodium with water, it follows a violent chemical reaction which has the effects of an explosion inside the steam generator, and which causes a sudden rise in pressure in the sodium circuit. On a conventional installation, the pressure wave which results from this explosion can propagate through line 3 then through line 1, arrive in the intermediate exchanger 5 and cause it to break.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by designing a steam generator 6 comprising certain new provisions which make it possible to avoid the connection of the expansion tank 7 to the circuit by means of a large diameter pipe 24 intended to limit the propagation of a pressure wave.
  • This steam generator comprises a cylindrical enclosure 1 of elongated shape and arranged vertically, filled with circulating liquid sodium constituting the primary circuit.
  • the liquid sodium arrives at the steam generator 6 through the pipes 2 , is introduced into the inlet chamber 8 located at the top of the steam generator, flows from top to bottom inside the cylindrical enclosure 1, reaches at the outlet zone 9 located at the lower part of the steam generator from where it is discharged via the pipe 11.
  • the steam generator shown in this exemplary embodiment comprises a secondary circuit consisting of a multitude of tubes arranged helically 12 and in which circulates water introduced by the lower part 13 of the tubes and emerging from the upper part 14 of the tubes in the form of vapor.
  • this cylindrical casing 15 extending longitudinally in the center of the steam generator is not completely useless since it advantageously contributes to the rigidity of the assembly and / or to keeping the tubes 12 in place. But in the steam generator 6 in accordance with the present invention, this cylindrical casing 15 further comprises various arrangements which allow it to perform other functions which we will describe below and which constitute the essential feature of this invention.
  • the cylindrical envelope 15 is arranged longitudinally in the center of the steam generator, vertically, is closed at its upper part 16 and has openings 17 at its lower part.
  • the interior of this envelope 15 is filled with a certain amount of an inert gas 18 which forms a pocket at the upper part of the envelope 15 and which defines a free surface 19 of the liquid sodium.
  • a tube 20 brings the necessary inert gas into the upper part of the envelope 15, and a tube 21 extends vertically inside the enclosure 15, its lower end being situated relatively low in the envelope 15, so that, when the inert gas is introduced into the chamber 18 through the tube 20, the level of the free surface 19 of the liquid sodium does not drop below the lowest point of the tube 21.
  • the resulting pressure wave is considerably damped, inside the steam generator, due to the elasticity of the pocket gas 18, thus preventing this pressure wave from propagating in significant proportions through the sodium outlet pipe 11, towards the other devices located in this circuit, that is to say mainly the circulation pumps and especially the intermediate exchangers.
  • the volume occupied by the cylindrical casing 15 which sometimes exists in certain known steam generators and arranged according to the present invention so as to constitute an expansion tank inside the steam generator, produced economically since it is made up largely of elements that exist anyway, which takes no additional space, and which strictly limits the steam generator mechanical stress caused by an accidental sodium-water reaction therein.
  • the heat transfer circuit comprising a steam generator in accordance with the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, can advantageously be supplemented by a deviation, close to the outlet of liquid sodium from the steam generator, this deviation being closed in regime normal by a rupture membrane intended to rupture when the liquid sodium pressure at the outlet of the steam generator exceeds a predetermined value, in order to put this outlet of the steam generator into communication with the storage tank 30.
  • this arrangement of rupture membrane and acekage tank is known per se and plays here a role entirely identical to that which it plays in installations comprising a conventional steam generator. It can also be noted that it is known that such a rupture membrane 3 1 only partially attenuates the amplitude of the pressure wave during a possible sodium-water reaction in the steam generator.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described, on the contrary it includes all the variants thereof and it is possible to modify the details without going beyond the ambit of the invention. It is possible for example to apply the provisions specific to the present invention to a steam generator whose tubes of the secondary circuit would be arranged other than helically, or whose inputs and outputs of liquid sodium would be arranged otherwise.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
EP82401331A 1981-07-17 1982-07-16 Wasser-Natrium Dampferzeuger Expired EP0070775B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8113941 1981-07-17
FR8113941A FR2509841B1 (fr) 1981-07-17 1981-07-17 Perfectionnement aux generateurs de vapeur du type sodium-eau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0070775A1 true EP0070775A1 (de) 1983-01-26
EP0070775B1 EP0070775B1 (de) 1985-12-27

Family

ID=9260597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82401331A Expired EP0070775B1 (de) 1981-07-17 1982-07-16 Wasser-Natrium Dampferzeuger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4452182A (de)
EP (1) EP0070775B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5845401A (de)
DE (1) DE3268118D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2509841B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0089869A1 (de) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-28 Novatome Von flüssigem Metall beheizter Dampferzeuger mit mehreren Flüssigmetall-Neutralgas Trennflächen
FR2563895A1 (fr) * 1984-05-04 1985-11-08 Novatome Perfectionnement aux generateurs de vapeur a corps central du type sodium-eau

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58158498A (ja) * 1982-03-15 1983-09-20 Hitachi Ltd 熱交換器
FR2533355B1 (fr) * 1982-09-22 1988-07-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Circuit caloporteur secondaire pour un reacteur nucleaire refroidi par un metal liquide et generateur de vapeur adapte a un tel circuit
JPH07116014B2 (ja) * 1985-12-05 1995-12-13 三資堂製薬株式会社 毛髪処理用薬剤及び毛髪処理方法
US4983353A (en) * 1989-03-13 1991-01-08 General Electric Company Novel passive approach to protecting the primary containment barrier formed by the intermediate heat exchanger from the effects of an uncontrolled sodium water reaction
JP4405787B2 (ja) 2003-11-12 2010-01-27 倉敷紡績株式会社 ポリアミド結合を有する有体物の着色方法および該方法で着色された有体物
DE102011005481A1 (de) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wärmetauscher

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB989963A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-04-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Improvements in heat exchangers for liquid metal
US3398789A (en) * 1965-01-25 1968-08-27 Foster Wheeler Corp Heat exchangers for pressure reacting fluids
FR2129508A5 (de) * 1971-03-08 1972-10-27 Foster Wheeler Corp
US3888212A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-06-10 Foster Wheeler Corp Liquid metal steam generator
US3924675A (en) * 1973-05-03 1975-12-09 Us Energy Energy absorber for sodium-heated heat exchanger
DE2536757A1 (de) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-11 Hitachi Ltd Dampferzeuger
FR2363772A1 (fr) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur, notamment generateur de vapeur chauffe au sodium liquide

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6027492B2 (ja) * 1975-09-04 1985-06-29 斉藤 清徳 茸類の菌糸発育促進法
US4284134A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-08-18 General Atomic Company Helically coiled tube heat exchanger

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB989963A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-04-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Improvements in heat exchangers for liquid metal
US3398789A (en) * 1965-01-25 1968-08-27 Foster Wheeler Corp Heat exchangers for pressure reacting fluids
FR2129508A5 (de) * 1971-03-08 1972-10-27 Foster Wheeler Corp
US3888212A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-06-10 Foster Wheeler Corp Liquid metal steam generator
US3924675A (en) * 1973-05-03 1975-12-09 Us Energy Energy absorber for sodium-heated heat exchanger
DE2536757A1 (de) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-11 Hitachi Ltd Dampferzeuger
FR2363772A1 (fr) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur, notamment generateur de vapeur chauffe au sodium liquide

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0089869A1 (de) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-28 Novatome Von flüssigem Metall beheizter Dampferzeuger mit mehreren Flüssigmetall-Neutralgas Trennflächen
FR2563895A1 (fr) * 1984-05-04 1985-11-08 Novatome Perfectionnement aux generateurs de vapeur a corps central du type sodium-eau
EP0167417A1 (de) * 1984-05-04 1986-01-08 Novatome Natrium-Wasser Dampferzeuger mit zentralem Körper
US4624217A (en) * 1984-05-04 1986-11-25 Novatome Steam generators having a central body of the sodium-water type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3268118D1 (en) 1986-02-06
US4452182A (en) 1984-06-05
FR2509841A1 (fr) 1983-01-21
EP0070775B1 (de) 1985-12-27
FR2509841B1 (fr) 1986-07-18
JPS5845401A (ja) 1983-03-16

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