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EP0068937A1 - Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0068937A1
EP0068937A1 EP82401012A EP82401012A EP0068937A1 EP 0068937 A1 EP0068937 A1 EP 0068937A1 EP 82401012 A EP82401012 A EP 82401012A EP 82401012 A EP82401012 A EP 82401012A EP 0068937 A1 EP0068937 A1 EP 0068937A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target
signals
light point
images
segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82401012A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0068937B1 (de
Inventor
René Briard
Christian Saunier
Guy Canova
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giravions Dorand Dite Ste
Original Assignee
Giravions Dorand Dite Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giravions Dorand Dite Ste filed Critical Giravions Dorand Dite Ste
Publication of EP0068937A1 publication Critical patent/EP0068937A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0068937B1 publication Critical patent/EP0068937B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2694—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating a target

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to target pointing training devices, and more particularly to simulation training devices for shooting training.
  • These shooting simulators are used to provide training and instruction to shooters by allowing them, indoors or on real ground, to train to control the aiming of a weapon at a target without actually consuming projectiles.
  • the projectile is a fictitious projectile, of which a calculator makes it possible to compare the position with that of a target to assess the quality of the pointing operated by the shooter on the target and to determine in particular if the shooting is correct to lead the simulated projectile to a impact on the target.
  • the target can itself be either real or fictitious.
  • the projectile we also know how to simulate missile shots in this way as well as simple missiles with ballistic trajectories.
  • the trajectory of the fictitious projectile is predetermined according to the ballistic data, while in the first, it is modified by orders which are internal to the missile or from the weapon system and which are reconstituted in the computer of the simulator.
  • Shooting simulators also conventionally include means for making visible to the eyes of the shooter, superimposed on the shooting range observed by an aiming device integrated into the weapon, bright images representing the tracer of a missile. , symbolizing a target, or visualizing the results of a shot, by the effects of an impact in particular. But the means that have been proposed to date for this are still very imperfect; these are never more than simple and fixed light effects, the image of which is projected into the field of the sighting device.
  • the invention aims to improve the performance of known equipment in the simulation of shots, and to allow in particular to perform shooting exercises on fictitious but realistic targets, both in their form and in their evolution over time, even during a shot.
  • Such a principle of simulation dispenses with the use of real targets for pointing training, in shooting simulation or in any other application of similar pointing exercises.
  • the invention provides a method of forming a fictitious target in a pointing training device with orientable aiming axis, such as the optical aiming device of a shooting simulator, orientable at least at start of a fictitious shot.
  • This method is characterized in that it essentially consists in producing target signals defining successive images of a fictitious target according to its shape and its evolution, at least in distance from the device and / or in angular position. relative to the line of sight, to constitute each of the successive target images thus defined by a light point which is moved on a screen, under the control of the target signals, in the retention time of the ima retinal, and to project the successive images thus constituted in the field of observation of the device.
  • the screen may in particular be that of a cathode ray tube, but more generally, any other system for viewing geometric figures on a screen the control of which is effected by electronic methods may be suitable.
  • the method according to the invention is also characterized in that in said target signals each target image is defined by at least one linear segment and in that, as a function of said target signals, the displacement of the point is controlled along a linear path comprising at least said segment, with a continuous light intensity along this segment.
  • the linear path can follow any curve, and it can be traversed continuously by a luminous point whose luminous intensity is continuous while it describes the complete path of the target with each image.
  • the linear path comprise extinction segments, where the light point is extinguished, so that these segments are not apparent in the image, for example when moving to the next image or between two segments from different parts of the target.
  • the preferred mode of displacement of the light point that has been defined according to such a linear path is achieved in particular by the use of a cathode ray tube of the "flying spot" type, as opposed to tubes scanning where the light point scans the entire screen in rectangular coordinates, with extinction outside the areas covered by the image.
  • a particular case of the linear path is that of a path consisting of one or more rectilinear segments. It is particularly advantageous in the implementation of the invention, because in the target signals, any straight segment can be defined with great simplicity, in a system of two rectangular coordinates, by the length of the segment and its angle of slope . Where appropriate, the signals may contain intensity information, to control variations in light intensity, and in particular to control the extinction of the light point on its path from one to the other of two segments to be visualized as constituent segments of the target image. It is obvious that the juxtaposition of elementary segments makes it possible to produce any curves. It is also obvious that the term target must be understood in a broad sense, covering both the representation of several targets, which can be developed independently of each other.
  • the invention also relates to a training device for aiming at targets by applying, advantageously constituted by an optical sighting device, mounted for example on a pointing weapon.
  • fictitious projectile firing in a firing simulator comprising means for forming a fictitious target in the field of observation of the sighting device and means for comparing the respective positions of the fictitious projectile and the fictitious target to assess the results of the shooting.
  • the pointing training apparatus comprising means for forming a fictitious target in the field of observation of the apparatus
  • said training means comprise a screen for viewing light images, means for generating target signals for producing target signals defining successive images of a non-point target as a function of its shape and its evolution, at least at a distance from the apparatus and / or in angular position relative to the line of sight, means for controlling the movement of a light point on the screen by said signals to constitute on the screen each of the images thus defined, and projection means of the image thus formed in the field of observation of the device.
  • the firing simulator according to the invention is designed to enable the results of fictitious projectile shots to be assessed on targets which are themselves fictitious. It therefore comprises, in a manner which is moreover in itself conventional, a shotgun which the operator adjusts in orientation so that the shot reaches the target, and means of comparison between the respective positions of the fictitious and target projectile to assess the results of the firing, and to determine in particular whether the trajectory of the projectile leads to an impact on the target.
  • This comparison is carried out in practice using a calculator which processes position information which includes the angular deviations in elevation and in bearing with respect to a reference axis, and the distance with respect to the weapon.
  • the projectile In the case where the projectile is supposed to follow a ballistic trajectory, its angular position is determined at the moment when its distance from the weapon is equal to that of the target, according to the aiming made at the time of firing and prerecorded ballistic data, whatever the movements of the weapon may be while the projectile follows its trajectory.
  • the computer elaborates the information on the position of the projectile taking into account the reactions specific to the missile or the displacement of the weapon with which the telescopic sight is associated. .
  • the shooting simulator comprises, in its optical devices, a sighting device 1, which may in particular be a sighting scope mounted integral with the shooting weapon or an optical sighting system integrated into the weapon .
  • a sighting device 1 which may in particular be a sighting scope mounted integral with the shooting weapon or an optical sighting system integrated into the weapon .
  • the shooter sees landscape 2 (figure 2), whose rays 3 (figure 1) reach him through two semi-transparent blades 4 and 5.
  • the brightness is successively attenuated by 20% and 50% in the particular example considered.
  • a reticle generator 6 can be used which makes it possible to return the image of a sighting cross formed through a lens 7, by reflection on the semi-transparent plate 4, in the field of observation of the sighting device 1, in superposition with the observed landscape.
  • the reticle always remains centered on the optical axis of the sighting device.
  • the simulator comprises a cathode ray tube 9 associated with a lens 10 which allows, by reflection on the blade semi-transparent 5, to send back to the sighting device an image formed on the screen 11 of the tube.
  • the latter is of the "flying spot" type, that is to say that the desired target image is formed on the screen by moving the light point in a linear path, and not by scanning.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optional apparatus of the simulator which consists of a television camera 12, associated with a lens 13 and arranged opposite the tube 9, on the other side of the semi-transparent blade 5, of so as to receive in superposition the image of the real landscape and that of the reticle by reflection on the blade 5, and the target image by transmission through this blade.
  • the two blades 4 and 5 are inclined at 45 degrees on the optical axis of the sighting device and that the reticle generator 6, the tube 9 and the camera 12 are oriented at 90 degrees from this axis.
  • the camera 12 thus makes it possible to film a witness to the shooting exercises carried out by means of the simulator.
  • the shooting simulator is designed so as to be able to make the fictitious target evolve in relation to the landscape, and possibly to be able to make the simulated trace of the projectile evolve in the field of observation and represent impact effects, in positions which are linked to the landscape or the target but which must be independent of the movements of the aiming device.
  • the reference axis chosen for all these simulations being confused with the aiming axis, the simulator includes a device for detecting movements of the weapon, figured in 14, which subsequently allows these movements to be subtracted from the position of the simulated effects, projectile and target, seen through the sighting device.
  • the detection device is constituted in any manner known per se, for example by a gyroscope or a gyrometer, or by two accelerometers ensuring compensation in elevation and in bearing or by two angular position detectors (respectively in elevation and if the weapon has a fixed platform linked to the ground.
  • the device may further include a weapon tilt detector causing an angular rotation around the line of sight so as to respect the vertical.
  • the target images are formed on the screen 11 of the cathode ray tube 9 (FIG. 3).
  • the movement of the light point on the screen is ensured at a predetermined constant speed sufficient for the time necessary for the constitution of each target image to be less than the persistence time of the retinal images, and moreover we succeed the target images on the screen at a sufficiently fast rate, compared to the afterglow of the screen, to ensure the luminous persistence on the screen from one image to the next .
  • the target images are thus formed on the screen at a rate of one image per 20 milliseconds.
  • target signals which are produced by a microprocessor computer 15.
  • the signals are produced in this computer from information introduced in 20 and defining the shape of the target and its evolution and from the information on the movements of the sight provided by the device of detection 14.
  • the trace of the luminous point on the screen is constituted by a series of successive linear segments and, on this trace, the fictitious target is drawn by a number of these rectilinear segments along which the point moves while maintaining a continuous light intensity .
  • FIG. 2 thus represents a set of segments constituting a target image having the profile of an airplane.
  • the target signals produced by the computer 15 include information translating the length of the segment by the time of movement of the light point to describe this segment and the angular slope of the segment by the derivatives with respect to time of two rectangular coordinates x and y defining the position of the light point.
  • these signals more precisely include the speed of movement of the light point along the x-axis, ie x ' i , its speed of movement along the y-axis, or y' i , and the duration of the generation of the segment.
  • i be 4t i .
  • the signals of these three groups are transmitted to an interface 16 which supplies the control signals to the cathode ray tube 9.
  • These signals 1 control the intensities of current passing through the windings 17 and 18 which deflect the electron beam in the tube 9, respectively along the x-axis and along the y-axis. They are obtained in the interface 16, for each segment i, respectively by integration of x'i and by integration of y'i during the time Ati.
  • a line 19 retransmits from the interface to the computer a signal indicating the end of the time Ati allocated for the constitution of a segment i and the computer can then transmit the values x l i, y'i and Ati corresponding to the next segment.
  • the computer 15 While the interface 16 controls the movement of the light point on each segment as a function of the target signals, the computer 15 produces the signals corresponding to the following target image according to the position of the aircraft in space (orientation, roll, spike , speed, trajectory which has been assigned to it) and taking into account the possible movements of the weapon.
  • the solution which has just been described has the advantage that the calculator only has to produce three values at a given instant for each segment, which gives it most of the time, while the segments are written on the tube, to calculate the future position of the target.
  • the initial coordinates in x and y of the plot are assumed, arbitrarily, to coincide with the reference axis.
  • any curve can be defined by juxtaposition of small elementary segments.
  • An effect of distance from the target can be made by a homothetic variation in the dimensions of the segments.
  • All of the electronic equipment used above to simulate a fictitious target in the field of observation of the aiming device can also be used, simultaneously and in the same way, to make the trace of the projectile appear there, the reticle, the effects of impact on the target or on the ground.
  • this simulation by electronic equipment adapts as well to the figuration of one or more projectiles, whether ballistic projectiles or missiles, as to figuration of one or more targets, which can be varied, in shape, dimensions and displacement, independently of each other.
  • the simulator described can be adapted to indoor training as well as real-size training in nature.
  • This intervention is carried out by commanding an extinction of the light point on certain parts of its path.
  • the grid 21 of the cathode ray tube and a line 22 connecting the computer 15 to this grid have been shown in dashes in FIG. 3 to control the emission of the cathode beam and its extinction.
  • the determination of the fractions of the path on which there must be extinction involves a comparison which is carried out in the computer 15 between the information relating to the target and pre-recorded data defining the terrain and its obstacles.
  • the pre-recorded information is entered at 23 in the computer.
  • Registration is generally carried out by the instructor, before shooting. It is thus possible to record terrain data from a topographical survey which can be carried out according to any known method, making it possible to characterize each point of the terrain, in the terrain data, by its distance from the weapon and its angular position. relative to the line of sight, generally by the site and the deposit.
  • a topographical survey which can be carried out according to any known method, making it possible to characterize each point of the terrain, in the terrain data, by its distance from the weapon and its angular position. relative to the line of sight, generally by the site and the deposit.
  • the recording of this terrain data can be done at any time, possibly well before the shooting period, with storage on magnetic media.
  • the instructor initializes the simulator by a precise optical aiming on a reference mark specially chosen on the ground.
  • Another method which will be described more fully below consists in directly detecting, by means of the apparatus, the obstacles visible on the real ground.
  • a mask is defined by its distance from the weapon and by its external contour in angular position relative to the line of sight. This is illustrated with reference to FIG. 4 in which the images presented to the shooter have been represented and comprising on the one hand a fictitious target depicting a tank 24 and on the other hand real ground comprising inter alia an obstacle 25 , constituted for example by a tree, from which a mask is defined.
  • Each mask is considered to be any contour surface located at a given distance, determined visually by the instructor or by telemetry.
  • a mobile index generated in the aiming optics of the system controllable light point generated by the "flying spot" tube for example
  • the computer permanently stores the coordinates of the bright spot.
  • the value of the distance from the mask (dm) is added to it.
  • the computer processes the recorded values and draws up a table in which to each ordinate value Ym (k) are associated abscissa values Xm (k, 1) characteristic of the appearance of the mask.
  • the masks are recorded one after the other during the same manipulation, the line of sight of the simulator telescope through which they are visible being fixed and pointed at a precise known reference (existing in the field, or reported such as a stake) located at any distance.
  • a precise known reference existing in the field, or reported such as a stake
  • the recordings are made before the instruction sessions and memorized on a non-volatile support (magnetic cassettes). At the time of the instruction, they are restored in the computer's memory, and an initialization on the precise reference is made to correctly superimpose the masks recorded on the real obstacles, on site and in bearing.
  • Each mask after processing is therefore stored in the form of a distance dm and of a series of addresses Ym and of data Xm characterizing the points of the contour, therefore the ends of ordinate segments Ym, separated by a step ( p) as small as possible (about 0.5 bn).
  • the calculator determines the closest mask whose distance dm is less than the distance dc of the target relative to the weapon, and the segments for which the ends are at l inside the mask.
  • the segment will be viewed in part (if one of the two conditions is met) or completely hidden (if both conditions are met).
  • the segment (i) is then divided into two sub-segments, only one of which will be displayed, the one outside the mask.
  • the common end of the two sub-segments is calculated in its coordinates, to correspond to the point of intersection between the target segment AB considered and the rope joining the two points C and D of the outline of the mask of the same address (or ordered) that the ends of the segment, is E (figure 6). Therefore, there may be a slight overlap of the visible segment on the mask, but this is not a problem for the simulation.
  • the successive segments (and sub-segments) of the target are all defined and generated at the level of the request for deviation of the cathode-ray tube (coils 17, 18), whether they are visible or not visible.
  • the control of the gate 21 allows the electron beam to strike the screen covered with phosphorus.
  • the gate control blocks the electron beam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
EP82401012A 1981-06-12 1982-06-04 Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren Expired EP0068937B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8111574 1981-06-12
FR8111574A FR2507764B1 (fr) 1981-06-12 1981-06-12 Procede de formation d'une cible fictive dans un appareil pour l'entrainement au pointage de cibles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0068937A1 true EP0068937A1 (de) 1983-01-05
EP0068937B1 EP0068937B1 (de) 1986-08-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82401012A Expired EP0068937B1 (de) 1981-06-12 1982-06-04 Verfahren zur Nachbildung eines Scheinzieles in einem Übungsgerät zum Anvisieren

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4521196A (de)
EP (1) EP0068937B1 (de)
AU (1) AU565458B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1194998A (de)
DE (1) DE3272560D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2507764B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2583867A1 (fr) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-26 Thomson Csf Procede de simulation de cibles, mobiles et masquables, dans un paysage, pour l'entrainement au tir, a l'arret et dispositif de mise en oeuvre.
FR2583866A1 (fr) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-26 Thomson Csf Procede de simulation de cibles, mobiles et masquables dans un paysage, pour l'entrainement au tir, en roulant et dispositif de mise en oeuvre.
EP0140182A3 (en) * 1983-10-20 1987-08-05 Wegmann & Co. Gmbh Arrangement for playing video games, in particular for exercising at optical aiming apparatuses
EP0234542A3 (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-02-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Berlin Und Munchen Aerial target simulating device
US5828495A (en) * 1997-07-31 1998-10-27 Eastman Kodak Company Lenticular image displays with extended depth
FR2794230A1 (fr) * 1999-05-27 2000-12-01 Matra Bae Dynamics France Systeme d'entrainement au tir sur cible simulee

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FR2567275B1 (fr) * 1984-07-09 1986-07-25 Giravions Dorand Procede et dispositif de reperage spatial d'un objet et application en simulation de tir
US4828500A (en) * 1987-03-30 1989-05-09 Accelerated Sports Cybernetics Development Partnership Apparatus and method for motion teaching
US5586887A (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-12-24 Aai Corporation Howitzer strap-on kit for crew performance evaluation and training method
US5912700A (en) * 1996-01-10 1999-06-15 Fox Sports Productions, Inc. System for enhancing the television presentation of an object at a sporting event
US5917553A (en) * 1996-10-22 1999-06-29 Fox Sports Productions Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing the broadcast of a live event
US6535681B2 (en) * 2001-06-19 2003-03-18 Lucent Technologies Inc. Fiber-optic cable routing and bend limiting device and system
US6252632B1 (en) 1997-01-17 2001-06-26 Fox Sports Productions, Inc. System for enhancing a video presentation
US5953077A (en) * 1997-01-17 1999-09-14 Fox Sports Productions, Inc. System for displaying an object that is not visible to a camera
US6133946A (en) * 1998-01-06 2000-10-17 Sportvision, Inc. System for determining the position of an object
US6229550B1 (en) 1998-09-04 2001-05-08 Sportvision, Inc. Blending a graphic
US6266100B1 (en) 1998-09-04 2001-07-24 Sportvision, Inc. System for enhancing a video presentation of a live event
US6466275B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2002-10-15 Sportvision, Inc. Enhancing a video of an event at a remote location using data acquired at the event
US7075556B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2006-07-11 Sportvision, Inc. Telestrator system
US6909438B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2005-06-21 Sportvision, Inc. Video compositor
US20100227297A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2010-09-09 Raydon Corporation Multi-media object identification system with comparative magnification response and self-evolving scoring
US20100003652A1 (en) * 2006-11-09 2010-01-07 Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. Mission training center instructor operator station apparatus and methods useful in conjunction therewith
US9215383B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2015-12-15 Sportsvision, Inc. System for enhancing video from a mobile camera
RU2627019C2 (ru) * 2015-12-11 2017-08-02 Акционерное общество Центральное конструкторское бюро аппаратостроения Способы определения точки наведения оружия на изображении фоно-целевой обстановки в стрелковых тренажерах и устройство для их осуществления
US20230049613A1 (en) 2020-02-03 2023-02-16 BAE Systems Hägglunds Aktiebolag Embedded target tracking training
CN113124707A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-07-16 西安索唯光电技术有限公司 一种红外目标模拟装置

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DE2658501A1 (de) * 1976-12-23 1978-06-29 Honeywell Gmbh Verfahren zur simulation eines beweglichen zieles
DE2746534A1 (de) * 1977-10-17 1979-04-19 Honeywell Gmbh Verfahren zur simulation eines beweglichen zieles
GB2030685A (en) * 1978-09-15 1980-04-10 Marconi Co Ltd Artillery Fire Control Training Equipment

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0140182A3 (en) * 1983-10-20 1987-08-05 Wegmann & Co. Gmbh Arrangement for playing video games, in particular for exercising at optical aiming apparatuses
FR2583867A1 (fr) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-26 Thomson Csf Procede de simulation de cibles, mobiles et masquables, dans un paysage, pour l'entrainement au tir, a l'arret et dispositif de mise en oeuvre.
FR2583866A1 (fr) * 1985-06-21 1986-12-26 Thomson Csf Procede de simulation de cibles, mobiles et masquables dans un paysage, pour l'entrainement au tir, en roulant et dispositif de mise en oeuvre.
EP0234542A3 (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-02-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Berlin Und Munchen Aerial target simulating device
US5828495A (en) * 1997-07-31 1998-10-27 Eastman Kodak Company Lenticular image displays with extended depth
FR2794230A1 (fr) * 1999-05-27 2000-12-01 Matra Bae Dynamics France Systeme d'entrainement au tir sur cible simulee

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8481382A (en) 1982-12-16
EP0068937B1 (de) 1986-08-13
FR2507764B1 (fr) 1986-05-02
DE3272560D1 (en) 1986-09-18
FR2507764A1 (fr) 1982-12-17
CA1194998A (en) 1985-10-08
US4521196A (en) 1985-06-04
AU565458B2 (en) 1987-09-17

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