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EP0065678A1 - Process and apparatus for heat treating sections of ferrous workpieces - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for heat treating sections of ferrous workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0065678A1
EP0065678A1 EP82103913A EP82103913A EP0065678A1 EP 0065678 A1 EP0065678 A1 EP 0065678A1 EP 82103913 A EP82103913 A EP 82103913A EP 82103913 A EP82103913 A EP 82103913A EP 0065678 A1 EP0065678 A1 EP 0065678A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bath
quenching
quenching medium
sections
heat treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82103913A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0065678B1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Hauke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer AG
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Georg Fischer AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Georg Fischer AG filed Critical Georg Fischer AG
Priority to AT82103913T priority Critical patent/ATE27465T1/en
Publication of EP0065678A1 publication Critical patent/EP0065678A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0065678B1 publication Critical patent/EP0065678B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for section-wise heat treatment of components made of ferrous materials.
  • the disadvantage here is that the high-strength structural properties of the bainite are also transferred to those sections of the component in which they are not desired.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an economical method and apparatus by which a partial formation of bainitic structures on B au- part is possible.
  • Bainitic boundary layers were produced on test specimens with dimensions of 16 x 60 mm with a largely pearlitic basic structure.
  • the sections to be treated were inductively heated to a temperature between 850 and 1000 ° C.
  • the drop height between the heating coil and the tempering bath was set at approx. 90 mm.
  • the test specimens were then kept in a salt bath at 275 ° C. for 120 minutes.
  • the method was also tested on a module 3 gearwheel.
  • the starting material was GGG with a pearlitic structure.
  • the temperature was raised to 900 ° C.
  • the heating-up time was 32 seconds.
  • the test wheel was maintained in the salt bath at 28 0 0 C for 120 minutes.
  • Module 3 gears were also treated in such a way that a bainitic structure was set from the tooth head to about 4 mm below the tooth base.
  • the quenching bath 1 shows a modified induction hardening system, the quenching bath 1 being arranged directly under the induction coil 2, so that the component 3 falls directly into the bath without the usual spraying by means of a shower arranged between the induction coil and bath 1.
  • the quenching medium can be a tempered salt bath or oil.
  • a metal bath can also be used.
  • a component A is shown in FIG. 2, the microstructure to be expected, together with the temperature curves to be expected, being indicated in the corresponding ZTU diagram.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for the partial heat treatment of components made from cast iron materials with spheroidal graphite and a pearlitic basic structure, in which the parts to undergo heat treatment are austenitized by inductive heating in a temperature range 850 to 1000 degrees C and are subsequently left in a quenching medium maintained in a temperature range 180 to 450 degrees C until converted into a bainitic structure.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur abschnittsweisen Wärmebehandlung von Bauteilen aus Eisenwerkstoffen.The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for section-wise heat treatment of components made of ferrous materials.

Zur Erzielung hochfester Eigenschaften ist es bekannt Bauteile, wie z.B. Wellen, Zahnringe, Stirnräder, Schaltgabeln u.a. einer isothermen Wärmebehandlung in der Bainitstufe zu unterziehen. Dabei werden die Bauteile vollständig austenitisiert, und anschliessend in einem Haltebad umgewandelt.To achieve high-strength properties, it is known components such as Shafts, gear rings, spur gears, shift forks, etc. undergo isothermal heat treatment in the bainite stage. The components are completely austenitized and then converted into a holding bath.

Nachteilig dabei ist, dass die hochfesten Gefügeeigenschaften des Bainits auch auf solche Abschnitte des Bauteiles übertragen werden, in denen sie nicht erwünscht sind.The disadvantage here is that the high-strength structural properties of the bainite are also transferred to those sections of the component in which they are not desired.

Als nachteilig sind dabei besonders Bearbeitungsoperationen nach dem Härten anzusehen, sowie massliche Veränderungen über das gesamte Bauteil.Machining operations after hardening and massive changes across the entire component are particularly disadvantageous.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es eine wirtschaftliche Methode und Vorrichtung vorzuschlagen, durch die eine partielle Ausbildung von bainitischen Gefügen am Bau- teil möglich wird.The object of the present invention is to propose an economical method and apparatus by which a partial formation of bainitic structures on B au- part is possible.

Es sollen Probleme des Verzugs weitgehend eliminiert werden, Folgebearbeitungsoperationen an nicht gehärteten Stellen möglich sein und erweiterte Eigenschaftskombinationen erzielt werden.Problems of warpage should be largely eliminated, follow-up operations at non-hardened points should be possible and expanded property combinations should be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Lehre der Ansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the teaching of claims 1 and 7.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further advantageous designs result from the dependent claims.

Anhand der Figuren soll im folgenden ein Beispiel näher erläutert werden.An example will be explained in more detail below with the aid of the figures.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung der vorgeschlagenen Anlage zur isothermen Behandlung in der Bainitstufe, und
  • Fig. 2 zu erwartende Temperaturkurven eines beliebigen Bauteils, sowie die zu erwartende Gefügeausbildung.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the proposed plant for isothermal treatment in the bainite stage, and
  • Fig. 2 expected temperature curves of any component, as well as the expected microstructure.

Auf Probekörpern mit einer Dimensionierung von 16 x 60 mm mit weitgehend perlitischem Grundgefüge wurden bainitische Randschichten erzeugt.Bainitic boundary layers were produced on test specimens with dimensions of 16 x 60 mm with a largely pearlitic basic structure.

Probekörper mit einem Ausgangsmaterial der Zusammensetzung: 3,65 Gew. % C; 2,38 Gew. % Si; 0,46 Gew. % Mn, Rest Fe und einem Grundgefüge von 75 % Perlit und 25 % Ferrit wurden partiell wärmebehandelt. Zunächst wurden die zu behandelnden Abschnitte induktiv auf eine Temperatur zwischen 850 und 1000 C erwärmt.Test specimens with a starting material of the composition: 3.65% by weight of C; 2.38 wt% Si; 0.46% by weight of Mn, the rest of Fe and a basic structure of 75% pearlite and 25% ferrite were partially heat-treated. First, the sections to be treated were inductively heated to a temperature between 850 and 1000 ° C.

Die Fallhöhe zwischen Heizspule und Vergütungsbad war auf ca. 90 mm festgesetzt. Anschliessend wurden die Probekörper im Salzbad bei 275° C während 120 Min. gehalten.The drop height between the heating coil and the tempering bath was set at approx. 90 mm. The test specimens were then kept in a salt bath at 275 ° C. for 120 minutes.

Die Erprobung des Verfahrens erfolgte auch an einem Zahnrad Modul 3. Ausgangsmaterial war GGG mit perlitischem Grundgefüge.The method was also tested on a module 3 gearwheel. The starting material was GGG with a pearlitic structure.

Die Erwärmung erfolgte, wie bei den Probekörpern, auf eine Temperatur von 900° C. Die Aufheizzeit betrug 32 Sekunden. Anschliessend wurde das Prüfrad im Salzbad bei 280 0 C während 120 Minuten gehalten.As with the test specimens, the temperature was raised to 900 ° C. The heating-up time was 32 seconds. Subsequently, the test wheel was maintained in the salt bath at 28 0 0 C for 120 minutes.

Ebenso wurden Zahnräder Modul 3 in der Weise behandelt, dass vom Zahnkopf bis etwa 4 mm unter den Zahnfuss ein bainitisches Gefüge eingestellt wurde.Module 3 gears were also treated in such a way that a bainitic structure was set from the tooth head to about 4 mm below the tooth base.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine modifizierte Induktionshärteanlage wobei das Abschreckbad 1 unmittelbar unter der Induktionsspule 2 angeordnet ist, so dass das Bauteil 3 direkt, ohne die übliche Besprühung mittels einer zwischen Induktionsspule und Bad 1 angeordneten Brause, ins Bad fällt. Das Abschreckmedium kann ein temperiertes Salzbad oder Oel sein. Es kann aber auch ein Metallbad verwendet werden. In der Fig. 2 ist ein Bauteil A dargestellte wobei die zu erwartende Gefügeausbildung zusammen mit den zu erwartenden Temperaturkurven im entsprechenden ZTU-Diagramm angegeben sind.1 shows a modified induction hardening system, the quenching bath 1 being arranged directly under the induction coil 2, so that the component 3 falls directly into the bath without the usual spraying by means of a shower arranged between the induction coil and bath 1. The quenching medium can be a tempered salt bath or oil. A metal bath can also be used. A component A is shown in FIG. 2, the microstructure to be expected, together with the temperature curves to be expected, being indicated in the corresponding ZTU diagram.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bainitischees Gefüge sich durch hervorragendes Verschleissverhalten bei hohen Festigkeiten auszeichnen.It has been shown that the bainitic structure is characterized by excellent wear behavior with high strength.

Durch die Verwendung des Verfahrens wurden ausgezeichnete Resultate erzielt. Bei einem Bainitgnehalt von ca. 90 % wurden bei den Probekörpern Härtewer-te im Bereich von 46 - 48 HRc gemessen. Der Härteverlauf vom Zahnkopf zum Zahngrund lag bei 48 bis 38 HR .Excellent results have been obtained using the method. With a bainite content of approx. 90%, hardness values in the range of 46 - 48 HR c were measured for the test specimens. The course of hardness from the tooth head to the tooth base was 48 to 38 HR.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur abschnittweisen Wärmebehandlung von Bauteilen aus Eisenwerkstoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu wärmebehandelnden Abschnitte austenitisiert werden und anschliessend in einem Abschreckmedium bis zur gewünschten Umwandlung belassen werden, so dass ein bainitisches Gefüge eingestellt wird.1. A method for section-by-section heat treatment of components made of ferrous materials, characterized in that the sections to be heat-treated are austenitized and then left in a quenching medium until the desired conversion is carried out, so that a bainitic structure is established. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu behandelnden Abschnitte auf eine Temperatur von 850 - 1000o C erwärmt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections to be treated are heated to a temperature of 850-1000 o C. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abschreckbad ein Warmbad ist das in einem Temperaturbereich von 180 - 450° C gehalten wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the quenching bath is a warm bath which is kept in a temperature range of 180 - 450 ° C. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Abschreckmedium ein Salzbad verwendet wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a salt bath is used as the quenching medium. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Abschreckmedium Oel verwendet wird.5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that oil is used as the quenching medium. 6. Verfahren nach Arspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Abschreckmedium ein Metallbad verwendet wird.6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a metal bath is used as the quenching medium. 7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterhalb der Aufheizstelle ein Abschreckbad angeordnet ist, in welches das Bauteil unmittelbar nach beendeter Erhitzung hineinfällt.7. The device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that a quenching bath is arranged below the heating point, into which the component falls immediately after the heating has ended.
EP82103913A 1981-05-21 1982-05-06 Process and apparatus for heat treating sections of ferrous workpieces Expired EP0065678B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82103913T ATE27465T1 (en) 1981-05-21 1982-05-06 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SECTIONAL HEAT TREATMENT OF COMPONENTS MADE OF FERROUS MATERIALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3312/81 1981-05-21
CH3312/81A CH653706A5 (en) 1981-05-21 1981-05-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SECTIONAL HEAT TREATMENT OF COMPONENTS MADE OF FERROUS MATERIALS.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0065678A1 true EP0065678A1 (en) 1982-12-01
EP0065678B1 EP0065678B1 (en) 1987-05-27

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EP82103913A Expired EP0065678B1 (en) 1981-05-21 1982-05-06 Process and apparatus for heat treating sections of ferrous workpieces

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EP (1) EP0065678B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57194208A (en)
AT (1) ATE27465T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8202893A (en)
CA (1) CA1200741A (en)
CH (1) CH653706A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3276438D1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5028281A (en) * 1988-06-14 1991-07-02 Textron, Inc. Camshaft
EP0794262A1 (en) * 1996-03-05 1997-09-10 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. A temperature-raising bainite forming process

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1687656A (en) * 1925-07-23 1928-10-16 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Heat-treating method
DE1113225B (en) * 1957-09-19 1961-08-31 Tiroler Roehren & Metallwerk Process for surface hardening of cast iron
DE2334992A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-07 Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab ALLOY CAST IRON WITH BALL GRAPHITE
DE2010125B2 (en) * 1969-03-06 1978-02-02 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG (VEW), Wien Niederlassung Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG (VEW) Verkaufsniederlassung Büderich, 4005 Meerbusch METHOD FOR PARTIAL HARDENING OF WORKPIECES OR TOOLS

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1687656A (en) * 1925-07-23 1928-10-16 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Heat-treating method
DE1113225B (en) * 1957-09-19 1961-08-31 Tiroler Roehren & Metallwerk Process for surface hardening of cast iron
DE2010125B2 (en) * 1969-03-06 1978-02-02 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG (VEW), Wien Niederlassung Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG (VEW) Verkaufsniederlassung Büderich, 4005 Meerbusch METHOD FOR PARTIAL HARDENING OF WORKPIECES OR TOOLS
DE2334992A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-07 Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab ALLOY CAST IRON WITH BALL GRAPHITE

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GIESSERIE, Band 65, Nr. 4, Februar 1978, Düsseldorf, J. DODD: "Zwischenstufenvergütung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit" Seiten 73 bis 80 *
VDI ZEITSCHRIFT, Band 123, Nr. 4, Februar 1981, Düsseldorf, K. HORNUNG et al.: "Gusseisenwerkstoffe für hochbeanspruchte Fahrzeugteile wie Zahnräder" Seiten 16 bis 24 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5028281A (en) * 1988-06-14 1991-07-02 Textron, Inc. Camshaft
EP0794262A1 (en) * 1996-03-05 1997-09-10 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. A temperature-raising bainite forming process
US5840136A (en) * 1996-03-05 1998-11-24 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. Temperature-raising bainite forming process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8202893A (en) 1983-05-03
DE3276438D1 (en) 1987-07-02
CA1200741A (en) 1986-02-18
CH653706A5 (en) 1986-01-15
ATE27465T1 (en) 1987-06-15
JPS57194208A (en) 1982-11-29
EP0065678B1 (en) 1987-05-27

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