EP0064492A1 - Process for manufacturing an anti-skid service tray - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing an anti-skid service trayInfo
- Publication number
- EP0064492A1 EP0064492A1 EP80902045A EP80902045A EP0064492A1 EP 0064492 A1 EP0064492 A1 EP 0064492A1 EP 80902045 A EP80902045 A EP 80902045A EP 80902045 A EP80902045 A EP 80902045A EP 0064492 A1 EP0064492 A1 EP 0064492A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- parts
- convex surface
- fabric
- tray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G23/00—Other table equipment
- A47G23/06—Serving trays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
- B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/467—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements during mould closing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/28—Tools, e.g. cutlery
- B29L2031/286—Cutlery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/02—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/04—Time
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/12—Pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2433/00—Closed loop articles
Definitions
- a method of manufacturing a non-slip service tray is known, according to which paper sheets coated with or impregnated with thermosetting resins, for example melamine and phenol resins, are stacked on this stack, a flexible covered canvas at least on its upper face with a layer of thermoplastic material of the PVC type, then pressurized and hot molded the assembly thus obtained so as to give the laminated material its final shape.
- the non-slip plates obtained by this process have excellent qualities, in particular good rigidity, are relatively light, very resistant mechanically and chemically, and have excellent anti-slip properties. However their cost price is in some cases a
- the subject of the present invention is a process for the manufacture of non-slip service trays of quality substantially equivalent to that of the trays mentioned above but of a much lower cost price.
- this process one uses a mold formed '.de two complementary parts. "limited one by -one . on the convex surface, the other by a concave surface.
- This process is characterized by the fact that a flexible fabric is introduced between the two parts of the mold, on the convex surface side. impregnated or coated at least on its fac turned towards this convex surface with a layer of thermoplastic material such as PVC, and on the concave surface side a thermoplastic or thermosetting material and that an action is exerted on this material to give it its shape final.then remove the molded tray.
- the forming of the material can be obtained by various known techniques, for example:
- said material will be introduced into the concave part of the mold and then this material will be super ⁇ posed on said fabric before forming.
- the canvas will be placed on the convex part of the mold, then the said material will be superimposed on this canvas before forming.
- the canvas used will advantageously be made of artificial textile material, animal or vegetable, for example cotton. To prevent bubbles of gas or vapor remaining trapped after molding of the surface of the plate and thus create unsightly inequalities, it will be possible, if necessary, to use a perforated fabric facilitating the evacuation of gases and vapors . Two specific implementations of the method according to the invention have been described below, by way of example.
- the procedure is as follows: a) a pasty mass composed at least in part of polyester is introduced into the concave part of the mold
- this mass is covered with a cotton canvas, the upper surface of which is impregnated with a layer of PVC, c) by relative displacement of the two parts of the mold, hot pressing this set,
- the procedure is as follows: a) The convex part of the mold is covered with a cotton canvas of which at least the face in contact with the convex surface is impregnated with a layer of PVC, b) a pasty mass of polyester is placed on this canvas, c) by relative displacement of the two parts of the mold, this assembly is hot pressed. d) the molded tray is removed and allowed to cool.
- the molding temperature will advantageously be, in both cases between 80 and 150 ° C., the pressure between
- non-slip service trays 30 which have excellent quality and whose cost is relatively low.
- the processes described lend themselves particularly well to the manufacture of decorated non-slip trays.
- the canvases used may be printed with various patterns, such as flowers, landscapes, animals, imitation wood, photographs, road maps, etc.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Le procede de fabrication d'un plateau de service antiderapant consiste a utiliser un moule forme de deux parties complementaires, limitees interieurement l'une par une surface convexe, l'autre par une surface concave, a introduire entre lesdites parties du moule, cote surface convexe, une toile souple impregnee d'une couche de PVC sur sa face tournee vers cette surface convexe, et, cote surface concave, une masse pateuse de polyester, a presser a chaud les deux parties du moule l'une contre l'autre de maniere a comprimer la masse de polyester jusqu'a ce qu'elle prenne sa forme definitive, puis a demouler le plateau.The method of manufacturing a non-slip serving tray consists in using a mold formed by two complementary parts, internally bounded one by a convex surface, the other by a concave surface, to be introduced between said parts of the mold, surface side convex, a flexible fabric impregnated with a layer of PVC on its face facing this convex surface, and, on the concave surface side, a pasty mass of polyester, hot pressing the two parts of the mold against each other. so as to compress the polyester mass until it takes its final shape, then unmold the tray.
Description
Procédé de fabrication d'un plateau de service antidérapa Method of manufacturing a non-slip service tray
On connaît un procédé de fabrication d'un plateau de service antidérapant selon lequel on empile des feuil¬ les de papier enduites ou imprégnées de résines thermo- durcissables,par exemple des résines mélamines et phé- noligues, superpose à cet empilage une toile souple recouverte au moins sur sa face supérieure d'une couche de matière thermoplastigue du genre PVC, puis moule sous pression et à chaud l'ensemble ainsi obtenu de façon à donner à la matière stratifiée sa forme définitive. Les plateaux antidérapants obtenus par ce procédé pré¬ sentent d'excellentes qualités, notamment une bonne rigi dité, sont relativement légers, très résistants mécaniqu ment et chimiquement, et possèdent d'excellentes propriétés ant dérapantes. Toutefois leur prix de revient est dans certains cas unA method of manufacturing a non-slip service tray is known, according to which paper sheets coated with or impregnated with thermosetting resins, for example melamine and phenol resins, are stacked on this stack, a flexible covered canvas at least on its upper face with a layer of thermoplastic material of the PVC type, then pressurized and hot molded the assembly thus obtained so as to give the laminated material its final shape. The non-slip plates obtained by this process have excellent qualities, in particular good rigidity, are relatively light, very resistant mechanically and chemically, and have excellent anti-slip properties. However their cost price is in some cases a
• peu élevé. La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de fabri¬ cation de plateaux de service antidérapants de qualité sensiblement équivalente à celle des plateaux mentionnés ci-dessus mais d'un prix de revient nettement inférieur. Dans ce procédé on utilise un moule formé'.de deux parties complémentaires, ."limitées l'une par -une . s ur f ac e convexe, l'autre par une surface concave. Ce procédé est caractérisé par le fait que l'on introduit entre les deux parties du moule, côté surface convexe, une toile souple imprégnée ou revêtue au moins sur sa fac tournée vers cette surface convexe d'une couche de matièr thermoplastigue telle que du PVC, et côté surface concave un matériau thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable et que l'on exerce sur ce matériau une action pour lui conférer sa forme définitive.puis retire le plateau moulé. Le formage du matériau peut être obtenu par diffé¬ rentes techniques connues, par exemple : • low. The subject of the present invention is a process for the manufacture of non-slip service trays of quality substantially equivalent to that of the trays mentioned above but of a much lower cost price. In this process one uses a mold formed '.de two complementary parts. " limited one by -one . on the convex surface, the other by a concave surface. This process is characterized by the fact that a flexible fabric is introduced between the two parts of the mold, on the convex surface side. impregnated or coated at least on its fac turned towards this convex surface with a layer of thermoplastic material such as PVC, and on the concave surface side a thermoplastic or thermosetting material and that an action is exerted on this material to give it its shape final.then remove the molded tray. The forming of the material can be obtained by various known techniques, for example:
- par compression, à chaud ou à froid, ledit matériau •- - étant pressé entre les deux parties, relativement mo- biles, du moule ;- by compression, hot or cold, said material • - - being pressed between the two relatively mobile parts of the mold;
- par transfert, à chaud ou à froid, ledit matériau étant amené, sous forme malléable, entre les deux parties, relativement mobiles ou fixes , du moule.- By transfer, hot or cold, said material being brought, in malleable form, between the two parts, relatively mobile or fixed, of the mold.
- par injection, ledit matériau étant injecté, sous • forme liquide ou pâteuse entre les deux parties, relativement fixes, du moule. En opérant à chaud, on provoque la transformation par¬ tielle, par polymérisation, de ladite couche en caout¬ chouc synthétique ce qui confère au plateau des propriê- tés antidérapantes particulièrement remarquables.- By injection, said material being injected, in • liquid or pasty form between the two relatively fixed parts of the mold. By operating hot, the partial transformation is brought about, by polymerization, of said layer of synthetic rubber, which gives the platform particularly non-slip properties.
Dans une première mise en oeuvre, on introduira ledit matériau dans la partie concave du moule puis on super¬ posera à ce matériau ladite toile avant de procéder au formage. Dans une seconde mise en oeuvre, on placera la toile sur la partie convexe du moule, puis on superposera à cette toile ledit matériau avant de procéder au formage. La toile utilisée sera avantageusement réalisée en matiè¬ re textile artificielle, animale ou végétale, par exemple en coton. Pour empêcher que des bulles de gaz ou de vapeur restent prisonnières après moulage de la surface du pla¬ teau et créent ainsi des inégalités inesthétiques, on pourra, le cas échéant, utiliser une toile perforée faci¬ litant l'évacuation des gaz et des vapeurs. On a décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple, deux mises en oeuvre particulières du procédé selon l'invention.In a first implementation, said material will be introduced into the concave part of the mold and then this material will be super¬ posed on said fabric before forming. In a second implementation, the canvas will be placed on the convex part of the mold, then the said material will be superimposed on this canvas before forming. The canvas used will advantageously be made of artificial textile material, animal or vegetable, for example cotton. To prevent bubbles of gas or vapor remaining trapped after molding of the surface of the plate and thus create unsightly inequalities, it will be possible, if necessary, to use a perforated fabric facilitating the evacuation of gases and vapors . Two specific implementations of the method according to the invention have been described below, by way of example.
- 3 - - 3 -
Selon la première mise en oeuvre particulière, on pro¬ cédera comme suit : a) On introduit dans la partie concave du moule une masse pâteuse composée au moins en partie de polyesterAccording to the first particular implementation, the procedure is as follows: a) a pasty mass composed at least in part of polyester is introduced into the concave part of the mold
5 ou de l'un de ses dérivés, b) on recouvre cette masse d'une toile de coton dont la surface supérieure est imprégnée d'une couche de PVC, c) par déplacement relatif des deux parties du moule, on presse à chaud cet ensemble,5 or one of its derivatives, b) this mass is covered with a cotton canvas, the upper surface of which is impregnated with a layer of PVC, c) by relative displacement of the two parts of the mold, hot pressing this set,
10 d) on retire le plateau moulé et le laisse refroidir.D) the molded tray is removed and allowed to cool.
Selon une seconde mise en oeuvre particulière, on procé¬ dera comme suit : a) On recouvre la partie convexe du moule d'une toile de coton dont au moins la face en contact avec la sur- 15 face convexe est imprégnée d'une couche de PVC, b) on pose sur cette toile une masse pâteuse de polyester, c) par déplacement relatif des deux parties du moule, on presse à chaud cet ensemble. d) on retirele plateau moulé et le laisse refroidir.According to a second particular implementation, the procedure is as follows: a) The convex part of the mold is covered with a cotton canvas of which at least the face in contact with the convex surface is impregnated with a layer of PVC, b) a pasty mass of polyester is placed on this canvas, c) by relative displacement of the two parts of the mold, this assembly is hot pressed. d) the molded tray is removed and allowed to cool.
20 La température de moulage sera avantageusement comprise, dans les deux cas entre 80 et 150 C, la pression entreThe molding temperature will advantageously be, in both cases between 80 and 150 ° C., the pressure between
22
. 30 et 60 kg/cm , et la durée entre 15 secondes et 4 minut. 30 and 60 kg / cm, and the duration between 15 seconds and 4 minutes
Au cas où le matériau utilisé dégage beaucoup de gaz et de vapeur au cours du moulage, on pourra prévoir une toilIn case the material used gives off a lot of gas and vapor during molding, we can provide a canvas
25 dont la couche de PVC est perforée à raison de 5 à 2025 whose PVC layer is perforated at a rate of 5 to 20
2 trous par cm , trous de diamètres compris entre 0,05 mm et 0,2 mm de manière à éviter la formation de bulles sousjacentes à la surface antidérapante. On obtient ainsi des plateaux de service antidérapants 30 qui présentent une excellente qualité et dont le prix de revient est relativement bas. Les procédés décrits se prêtent particulièrement bien à la fabrication de plateaux antidérapants décorés. Dans ce but, les toiles utilisées pourront être impri¬ mées de motifs divers, tels que fleurs, paysages, animaux, imitation bois, photographies, cartes routiè¬ res, etc. 2 holes per cm, holes with diameters between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm so as to avoid the formation of bubbles underlying the non-slip surface. This gives non-slip service trays 30 which have excellent quality and whose cost is relatively low. The processes described lend themselves particularly well to the manufacture of decorated non-slip trays. To this end, the canvases used may be printed with various patterns, such as flowers, landscapes, animals, imitation wood, photographs, road maps, etc.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1980/000132 WO1982001466A1 (en) | 1980-11-06 | 1980-11-06 | Process for manufacturing an anti-skid service tray |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0064492A1 true EP0064492A1 (en) | 1982-11-17 |
Family
ID=4537574
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80902045A Withdrawn EP0064492A1 (en) | 1980-11-06 | 1980-11-06 | Process for manufacturing an anti-skid service tray |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0064492A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1982001466A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1053161A (en) * | ||||
| BE559356A (en) * | ||||
| DE833118C (en) * | 1950-12-31 | 1952-03-03 | Otto Zollfrank | Process for the production of molded articles made of thermoplastic materials with a similar film cover |
| US2811744A (en) * | 1951-05-12 | 1957-11-05 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Apparatus and method for ink recordation on molding resinous plastic articles |
| US2797179A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1957-06-25 | Ibm | Process of forming a molded laminate |
| US3057018A (en) * | 1959-02-16 | 1962-10-09 | Kaumagraph Co | One-step molding of a decorated thermosetting resin article |
| FR1360187A (en) * | 1963-01-16 | 1964-05-08 | Brookpark | One-step molding process |
| FR1524394A (en) * | 1967-04-03 | 1968-05-10 | Process for the injection molding of thermoplastic articles bearing ornamental patterns | |
| FR2075220A5 (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1971-10-08 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | |
| FR2169009A1 (en) * | 1972-01-25 | 1973-09-07 | Wernli Pierre | Plastic serving tray - of laminate with at least one non slip surface |
| GB1399191A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1975-06-25 | Dycem Plastics | Plastics materials |
| NL178400C (en) * | 1976-09-13 | Ici Ltd | DEVICE FOR FORMING AND SUBSEQUENTLY INJECTION MOLDING OF PLASTIC ON A MATERIAL PATH. |
-
1980
- 1980-11-06 EP EP80902045A patent/EP0064492A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-11-06 WO PCT/CH1980/000132 patent/WO1982001466A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO8201466A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1982001466A1 (en) | 1982-05-13 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19830113 |