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EP0060985B1 - Tubular projectile - Google Patents

Tubular projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0060985B1
EP0060985B1 EP82100911A EP82100911A EP0060985B1 EP 0060985 B1 EP0060985 B1 EP 0060985B1 EP 82100911 A EP82100911 A EP 82100911A EP 82100911 A EP82100911 A EP 82100911A EP 0060985 B1 EP0060985 B1 EP 0060985B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
accordance
particles
breaking points
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82100911A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0060985A1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Bisping
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Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0060985A1 publication Critical patent/EP0060985A1/en
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Publication of EP0060985B1 publication Critical patent/EP0060985B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/34Tubular projectiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a projectile of the aforementioned type is known from DE-A No. 2712807. With a comparatively low air resistance, it has enough body mass to achieve an elongated trajectory to be covered at high speed in order to ensure a good penetration effect. These properties establish a certain suitability for use against flight targets, for example helicopters.
  • a disadvantage of the known projectile is that its target-side damage is essentially given by its penetration. Sensitive damage to vital equipment or parts of the target in question is largely a matter of chance, even with good penetration, and consequently requires long bursts of fire to achieve a sufficient probability of destruction.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a projectile of the type mentioned, which develops a greater harmful effect by bullet splintering in the target after the penetration.
  • the projectile according to the invention has gem. 1 and 2 a tubular projectile body 10 with a wall 12 on.
  • the projectile body 10 is delimited on the front by a front edge 14 and on the rear by an annular transom 16, between which a central bore 18 extends.
  • the latter is delimited on the circumferential side by an inner tube surface 20 which is radially adjacent to an outer tube surface 22.
  • Predetermined breaking points 24 are formed by cutouts 36 weakening the wall thickness in the region of the inner tube surface 20 with a boundary 26 remote from the axis and a boundary 28 close to the axis 22 is guaranteed.
  • the particles 44 advantageously, as will be explained below, consist of metals with pyrophoric properties.
  • the projectile body 10 has a guide band 40 on the outer tube surface 22, which is not described in detail.
  • the transom 16 and the adjoining area of the bore 18 serve as a receptacle 50 which, when the projectile body 10 is fired through a weapon barrel, closes the bore 18 on the rear side and forms part of a gas pressure receiving surface (not specified).
  • a projectile body 10 of a second projectile in the area of its outer surface 22 has recesses 36 designed as cutouts in order to achieve predetermined breaking points 24.
  • the depressions 36 are in turn filled with hardened plastic 42, which — as already discussed in connection with the first exemplary embodiment — includes metal particles 44 with pyrophoric properties.
  • the inner tube surface 20 of the bore 18 is machined directly from the material of the wall 12 of the projectile body 10.
  • a projectile body 10 of a third storey differs from that according to FIG. 3 only in the shape of the depressions 36, which in the present case have an essentially triangular cross section.
  • the projectile body of a fourth projectile has recesses 36 both in the area of its inner surface 20 of the bore 18 and in its pipe outer surface 22 to form predetermined breaking points.
  • the depressions 36 are rounded and are filled in the region of the tube outer surface 22 with plastic 42 enclosing metal particles 44 in such a way that a smooth tube outer surface 22 results.
  • the depressions 36 arranged in the region of the inner pipe surface 24 of the bore 18 are, just as in the example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, embedding metal particles 44 in addition to their filling Plastic 42 covered by an application layer 29.
  • the application layer 29 also consists of plastic 42, which includes metal particles 44.
  • the projectile body 10 shows the projectile body 10 of a fifth projectile.
  • the projectile body 10 consists of depleted uranium.
  • the projectile body 10 is guided in the direction of an arrow 46 past an electron beam source 52, which emits an electron beam 54 penetrating into the material of the projectile body 10. This results in weakened areas in the material structure, which act as predetermined breaking points 24.
  • the areas of weakened material structure in the wall 12 forming the predetermined breaking points 24 are represented by dashed straight lines (not shown), each lying on a radius. Since depleted uranium has pyrophoric properties, the recesses 36 known from the previous exemplary embodiments are unnecessary in the case of a projectile body according to FIGS. 6 and 7, so that both the tube outer surface 22 and the tube inner surface 20 remain in the original smooth state in the region of the bore 18.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 show sections of the outer surfaces 22 of four further projectile bodies.
  • straight lines 30 are shown which run parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the projectile body.
  • the lines 30 indicate the course of depressions or regions of material structure weakened by electron beams (see FIGS. 6 and 7) in order to achieve the predetermined breaking points discussed above.
  • lines 32 form a respective angle with the longitudinal axis A of the floor in an easily recognizable manner. This results in a helical course, as is known, for example, from screw threads.
  • lines 32 run both right-handed and left-handed. In this way, the predetermined breaking points to be introduced delimit areas with a parallelogram-shaped plan and thereby lead to the formation of splinters, the shape of which is largely predetermined.
  • these crossing lines 34 are combined with left-handed lines 32.
  • Lines 34 cross the floor axis A at 90 °.
  • splinters that form are, as already discussed in connection with FIG. 10, largely given their shape.
  • Fig. 12 recognize tenth embodiment which is largely similar to the first according to Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the depressions 36 are formed as grooves with an essentially triangular cross section.
  • the enlarged representation shows that the metal particles 44 embedded in the plastic 42 can be seen both in the filling of the recess 36 and in the application layer 29.
  • the projectile body 10 When the projectile body 10 strikes a target, for example a helicopter, the projectile body 10 penetrates the helicopter tailgate. The twist of the projectile body 10 is suddenly considerably reduced, and as a result, there are tears in the predetermined breaking points 24 with a fragment cone which is dependent in particular on the type and arrangement of the predetermined breaking points 24, the final bullet speed and the residual twist. This increases the probability with every single shot that a vital part arranged behind the side wall in the interior of the helicopter is struck and the helicopter is thus put out of action or destroyed.
  • the projectile body 10 In order to achieve splinter formation even with the thinnest aircraft skins, the projectile body 10 has the smallest possible wall thickness. In order to avoid deformation in the weapon barrel when firing in the case of a projectile of this type, a wall thickness weakening in the wall area below the guide band 40 must be adapted to the relevant considerations of strength and requirements.
  • the plastic 42 includes at least one pyrophoric metal of different particle sizes and shapes. This can be, for example, zirconium, titanium or depleted uranium.
  • the metals mentioned can at least partially also be present as a metal sponge. It is important to ensure that its porosity is at least partially preserved, i.e. there is no continuous impregnation with the matrix.
  • a suitable material for the tubular projectile body 10 is a sintered alloy having a high tungsten content of at least 85% by weight with a binder phase, for example made of iron and nickel.
  • Depleted uranium is suitable as another high-density material; Since this material has a pyrophoric effect, the predetermined breaking points 24 are not identified by recesses in the wall 12, but by targeted structural weakening with the one already mentioned Realized electron radiation. Instead of electron beams, light beams from a laser can also be used.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Geschoss nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a projectile according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Bekannt ist ein Geschoss der vorgenannten Gattung aus der DE-A Nr. 2712807. Ihm ist bei vergleichsweise geringem Luftwiderstand zum Erzielen einer mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zurückzulegenden gestreckten Flugbahn genügend Körpermasse eigen, um eine gute Durchschlagwirkung zu gewährleisten. Diese Eigenschaften begründen eine gewisse Eignung zum Einsatz gegen Flugziele, beispielsweise Hubschrauber.A projectile of the aforementioned type is known from DE-A No. 2712807. With a comparatively low air resistance, it has enough body mass to achieve an elongated trajectory to be covered at high speed in order to ensure a good penetration effect. These properties establish a certain suitability for use against flight targets, for example helicopters.

Nachteilig ist an dem bekannten Geschoss, dass seine zielseitige Schadwirkung im wesentlichen durch sein Durchschlagvermögen gegeben ist. Damit ist eine empfindliche Beschädigung lebenswichtiger Gerätschaften oder Teile des betreffenden Zieles selbst bei gutem Durchschlag weitgehend eine Frage des Zufalls und erfordert folglich lange Feuerstösse zum Erzielen einer ausreichenden Vernichtungswahrscheinlichkeit.A disadvantage of the known projectile is that its target-side damage is essentially given by its penetration. Sensitive damage to vital equipment or parts of the target in question is largely a matter of chance, even with good penetration, and consequently requires long bursts of fire to achieve a sufficient probability of destruction.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Geschoss der eingangs genannten Gattung bereitzustellen, welches im Ziel nach dem Durchschlag eine grössere Schadwirkung durch geschossseitige Splitterbildung entfaltet.The invention has for its object to provide a projectile of the type mentioned, which develops a greater harmful effect by bullet splintering in the target after the penetration.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die im Kennzeichnen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebene Erfindung. Sie wird nachfolgend anhand von zehn in der Zeichnung im wesentlichen schematisch und unter Verzicht auf erfindungsunwesentliche Einzelheiten dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen und unter Berücksichtung der in den Kennzeichen der weiteren Ansprüche angegebenen Ausgestaltungslehren der näheren erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein erstes rohrförmiges Geschoss nach der Erfindung, im Schnitt entlang der Geschosslängsachse, in ausschnittweiser Darstellung;
  • Fig. 2 das Geschoss im Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 ein zweites Geschoss im ausschnittweisen Querschnitt mit aussenseitigen Sollbruchstellen in Form ausgerundeter Nuten;
  • Fig. 4 ein drittes Geschoss im ausschnittweisen Querschnitt mit aussenseitigen Sollbruchstellen in Form von Nuten im wesentlichen dreieckigen Querschnitts;
  • Fig. 5 ein viertes Geschoss mit sowohl innenwie auch aussenseitigen Sollbruchstellen in Form ausgerundeter Nuten;
  • Fig. 6 einen Geschosskörper eines fünften Geschosses, im seitlichen Aufriss in verkleinerter Darstellung, zum Verdeutlichen des Einbringens von Gefügeschwächungen durch Bestrahlen mit Elektronen zum Erzielen von Sollbruchstellen;
  • Fig. 7 den fertig behandelten Geschosskörper im Schnitt nach der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 6, ausschnittweise;
  • Fig. 8 bis 11 ausschnittweise Abwicklungen der Aussenflächen vier weiterer Geschosskörper zur Darstellung unterschiedlicher Anordnungen der Sollbruchstellen, und
  • Fig. 12 einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt im Innenflächenbereich einer quer zur Geschosslängsachse geschnittenen Wandung eines Geschosskörpers mit einer Sollbruchstelle, die als scharfkantige Nut ausgebildet und mit in Kunststoff eingebetteten Metallteilchen ausgefüllt ist.
This object is achieved by the invention specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. It is explained below with reference to ten exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawing and without the details that are not essential to the invention, and taking into account the design gauges of the details given in the characterizing part of the further claims. It shows:
  • 1 shows a first tubular projectile according to the invention, in a section along the longitudinal axis of the projectile, in a fragmentary representation;
  • Figure 2 shows the floor in section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1.
  • 3 shows a second storey in partial cross-section with predetermined breaking points on the outside in the form of rounded grooves;
  • FIG. 4 shows a third storey in a cross-section in section with predetermined breaking points on the outside in the form of grooves having an essentially triangular cross-section;
  • 5 shows a fourth floor with both inside and outside predetermined breaking points in the form of rounded grooves;
  • 6 shows a projectile body of a fifth storey, in side elevation in a reduced representation, to illustrate the introduction of weakened structures by irradiation with electrons to achieve predetermined breaking points;
  • 7 shows the finished projectile body in section along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6, in sections;
  • 8 to 11 detail of the outer surfaces of four further projectile bodies to illustrate different arrangements of the predetermined breaking points, and
  • 12 shows an enlarged section in the inner surface area of a wall of a projectile body cut transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile with a predetermined breaking point which is designed as a sharp-edged groove and is filled with metal particles embedded in plastic.

Das Geschoss nach der Erfindung weist gem. Fig. 1 und 2 einen rohrförmigen Geschosskörper 10 mit einer Wandung 12 auf. Der Geschosskörper 10 wird vorderseitig von einer Bugkante 14 und rückseitig von einem kreisringförmigen Heckspiegel 16 begrenzt, zwischen denen sich eine zentrale Bohrung 18 erstreckt. Letztere wird umfangsseitig begrenzt von einer Rohrinnenfläche 20, der eine Rohraussenfläche 22 radial benachbart ist. Sollbruchstellen 24 werden gebildet durch die Wandstärke schwächende Ausfräsungen 36 im Bereich der Rohrinnenfläche 20 mit einer achsfernen Begrenzung 26 und einer achsnahen Begrenzung 28. Die Ausfräsungen 36 sind derart mit einem Metallteilchen 44 einschliessenden, ausgehärteten Kunststoff 42 ausgefüllt, dass durch eine Auftragschicht 29 eine glatte Rohrinnenfläche 22 gewährleistet ist. Vorteilhafterweise bestehen die Teilchen 44, wie noch zu erläutern ist, aus Metallen mit pyrophoren Eigenschaften. Zur Drallstabilisierung weist der Geschosskörper 10 auf der Rohraussenfläche 22 ein nicht näher zu beschreibendes Führungsband 40 auf. Der Heckspiegel 16 und der angrenzende Bereich der Bohrung 18 dienen einem Dichtelement 50 als Aufnahme, welches beim abfeuerungsweisen Durchgang des Geschosskörpers 10 durch ein Waffenrohr die Bohrung 18 rückseitig verschliesst und einen Teil einer nicht näher bezeichneten Gasdruckaufnahmefläche bildet.The projectile according to the invention has gem. 1 and 2 a tubular projectile body 10 with a wall 12 on. The projectile body 10 is delimited on the front by a front edge 14 and on the rear by an annular transom 16, between which a central bore 18 extends. The latter is delimited on the circumferential side by an inner tube surface 20 which is radially adjacent to an outer tube surface 22. Predetermined breaking points 24 are formed by cutouts 36 weakening the wall thickness in the region of the inner tube surface 20 with a boundary 26 remote from the axis and a boundary 28 close to the axis 22 is guaranteed. The particles 44 advantageously, as will be explained below, consist of metals with pyrophoric properties. To stabilize the swirl, the projectile body 10 has a guide band 40 on the outer tube surface 22, which is not described in detail. The transom 16 and the adjoining area of the bore 18 serve as a receptacle 50 which, when the projectile body 10 is fired through a weapon barrel, closes the bore 18 on the rear side and forms part of a gas pressure receiving surface (not specified).

Gemäss Fig. 3 weist ein Geschosskörper 10 eines zweiten Geschosses im Bereich seiner Aussenfläche 22 zum Erzielen von Sollbruchstellen 24 als Ausfräsungen ausgebildete Vertiefungen 36 auf. Die Vertiefungen 36 sind wiederum mit ausgehärtetem Kunststoff 42 ausgefüllt, der-wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel erörtert - Metallteilchen 44 mit pyrophoren Eigenschaften einschliesst. Beim Beispiel nach Fig. 3 ist die Rohrinnenfläche 20 der Bohrung 18 unmittelbar aus dem Werkstoff der Wandung 12 des Geschosskörpers 10 herausgearbeitet.According to FIG. 3, a projectile body 10 of a second projectile in the area of its outer surface 22 has recesses 36 designed as cutouts in order to achieve predetermined breaking points 24. The depressions 36 are in turn filled with hardened plastic 42, which — as already discussed in connection with the first exemplary embodiment — includes metal particles 44 with pyrophoric properties. 3, the inner tube surface 20 of the bore 18 is machined directly from the material of the wall 12 of the projectile body 10.

Gemäss Fig. 4 unterscheidet sich ein Geschosskörper 10 eines dritten Geschosses von demjenigen nach Fig. 3 nur durch die Form der Vertiefungen 36, die im vorliegenden Fall einen im wesentlichen dreieckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.According to FIG. 4, a projectile body 10 of a third storey differs from that according to FIG. 3 only in the shape of the depressions 36, which in the present case have an essentially triangular cross section.

Gemäss Fig. 5 weist der Geschosskörper eines vierten Geschosses sowohl im Bereich seiner Innenfläche 20 der Bohrung 18 wie auch seiner Rohraussenfläche 22 zur Bildung von Sollbruchstellen 24 Vertiefungen 36 auf. Die Vertiefungen 36 sind ausgerundet und im Bereich der Rohraussenfläche 22 derart mit Metallteilchen 44 einschliessendem Kunststoff 42 ausgefüllt, dass sich eine glatte Rohraussenfläche 22 ergibt. Die im Bereich der Rohrinnenfläche 24 der Bohrung 18 angeordneten Vertiefungen 36 sind, ebenso wie beim Beispiel nach den Fig. 1 und 2, zusätzlich zu ihrer Füllung mit Metallteilchen 44 einbettendem Kunststoff 42 von einer Auftragschicht 29 überdeckt. Auch die Auftragschicht 29 besteht aus Kunststoff 42, der Metallteilchen 44 einschliesst.According to FIG. 5, the projectile body of a fourth projectile has recesses 36 both in the area of its inner surface 20 of the bore 18 and in its pipe outer surface 22 to form predetermined breaking points. The depressions 36 are rounded and are filled in the region of the tube outer surface 22 with plastic 42 enclosing metal particles 44 in such a way that a smooth tube outer surface 22 results. The depressions 36 arranged in the region of the inner pipe surface 24 of the bore 18 are, just as in the example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, embedding metal particles 44 in addition to their filling Plastic 42 covered by an application layer 29. The application layer 29 also consists of plastic 42, which includes metal particles 44.

Fig. 6 zeigt den Geschosskörper 10 eines fünften Geschosses. Der Geschosskörper 10 besteht aus abgereichertem Uran. Zum Verwirklichen von Sollbruchstellen wird der Geschosskörper 10 in Richtung eines Pfeils 46 an einer Elektronenstrahlquelle 52 vorbeigeführt, die einen in den Werkstoff des Geschosskörpers 10 eindringenden Elektronenstrahl 54 aussendet. Hierdurch entstehen im Werkstoffgefüge geschwächte Bereiche, die als Sollbruchstellen 24 wirksam werden.6 shows the projectile body 10 of a fifth projectile. The projectile body 10 consists of depleted uranium. To achieve predetermined breaking points, the projectile body 10 is guided in the direction of an arrow 46 past an electron beam source 52, which emits an electron beam 54 penetrating into the material of the projectile body 10. This results in weakened areas in the material structure, which act as predetermined breaking points 24.

Nach Fig. 7 sind die Sollbruchstellen 24 bildenden Bereiche geschwächten Werkstoffgefüges in der Wandung 12 durch nicht näher bezeichnete gestrichelte Geraden dargestellt, die jeweils auf einem Radius liegen. Da abgereichertes Uran pyrophore Eigenschaften besitzt, erübrigen sich bei einem Geschosskörper nach den Fig. 6 und 7 die von den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen bekannten Vertiefungen 36, so dass sowohl die Rohraussenfläche 22 wie auch die Rohrinnenfläche 20 im Bereich der Bohrung 18 im ursprünglichen glatten Zustand verbleiben.According to FIG. 7, the areas of weakened material structure in the wall 12 forming the predetermined breaking points 24 are represented by dashed straight lines (not shown), each lying on a radius. Since depleted uranium has pyrophoric properties, the recesses 36 known from the previous exemplary embodiments are unnecessary in the case of a projectile body according to FIGS. 6 and 7, so that both the tube outer surface 22 and the tube inner surface 20 remain in the original smooth state in the region of the bore 18.

Die Fig. 8 bis 11 zeigen ausschnittweise Abwicklungen der Aussenflächen 22 vier weiterer Geschosskörper. In Fig. 8 sind Geraden 30 eingezeichnet, die parallel zur Geschosskörperlängsachse Averlaufen. Die Linien 30 geben den Verlauf von Vertiefungen oder Bereichen durch Elektronenstrahlen (siehe Fig. 6 und 7) geschwächten Werkstoffgefüges zum Erzielen der vorstehend erörterten Sollbruchstellen an.8 to 11 show sections of the outer surfaces 22 of four further projectile bodies. In FIG. 8, straight lines 30 are shown which run parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the projectile body. The lines 30 indicate the course of depressions or regions of material structure weakened by electron beams (see FIGS. 6 and 7) in order to achieve the predetermined breaking points discussed above.

In Fig. 9 sch!iessen Linien 32 auf leicht erkennbare Weise einen jeweiligen Winkel mit der Geschosslängsachse A ein. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein wendelförmiger Verlauf, wie er beispielsweise von Schraubengewinden bekannt ist. Für die Linien 32 gilt sinngemäss das, was im Zusammenhang mit den Linien 30 in der Fig. 8 erörtert worden ist. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 10 verlaufen die Linien 32 sowohl rechts- wie auch linksgängig. Auf diese Weise begrenzen die einzubringenden Sollbruchstellen Bereiche mit parallelogrammförmigem Grundriss und führen hierdurch zu einer Bildung von Splittern, deren Form weitgehend vorgegeben ist.In FIG. 9, lines 32 form a respective angle with the longitudinal axis A of the floor in an easily recognizable manner. This results in a helical course, as is known, for example, from screw threads. The same applies to lines 32 as has been discussed in connection with lines 30 in FIG. 8. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, the lines 32 run both right-handed and left-handed. In this way, the predetermined breaking points to be introduced delimit areas with a parallelogram-shaped plan and thereby lead to the formation of splinters, the shape of which is largely predetermined.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 11 sind mit linksgängig verlaufenden Linien 32 diese kreuzende Linien 34 vereinigt. Die Linien 34 queren die Geschossachse A unter 90°. Auch bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 11 werden sich bildende Splitter, wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 10 erörtert, ihrer Form nach weitgehend vorgegeben.In the embodiment according to FIG. 11, these crossing lines 34 are combined with left-handed lines 32. Lines 34 cross the floor axis A at 90 °. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 11, splinters that form are, as already discussed in connection with FIG. 10, largely given their shape.

Fig. 12 iässtein zehntes Ausführungsbeispiel erkennen, welches dem ersten nach den Fig. 1 und 2 weitgehend ähnlich ist. Allerdings sind in Fig. 12 die Vertiefungen 36 als Nuten im wesentlichen dreickigen Querschnitts ausgebildet. Durch die vergrösserte Darstellung lassen sich sowohl in der Ausfüllung der Vertiefung 36 wie auch in der Auftragschicht 29 die im Kunststoff 42 eingebetteten Metallteilchen 44 erkennen.Fig. 12 recognize tenth embodiment which is largely similar to the first according to Figs. 1 and 2. However, in FIG. 12, the depressions 36 are formed as grooves with an essentially triangular cross section. The enlarged representation shows that the metal particles 44 embedded in the plastic 42 can be seen both in the filling of the recess 36 and in the application layer 29.

Beim Auftreffen des Geschosskörpers 10 auf ein Ziel, beispielsweise einen Hubschrauber, durchschlägt der Geschosskörper 10 die Hubschrauberbordwand. Dabei wird der Drall des Geschosskörpers 10 plötzlich erheblich reduziert, und infolgedessen kommt es in den Sollbruchstellen 24 zu Zerreissungen mit einem insbesondere von der Art und Anordnung der Sollbruchstellen 24, der Geschossendgeschwindigkeit und dem Restdrall abhängigen Splitterkegel. Hierdurch wird bei jedem einzelnen Schuss die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass ein hinter der Bordwand im Innenraum des Hubschraubers angeordnetes lebenswichtiges Teil getroffen und der Hubschrauber somit ausser Gefecht gesetzt oder vernichtet wird. Da den Bruchstücken bzw. Splittern der Kunststoff 42 mit den pyrophoren Metallteilchen 44 anhaftet oder der gesamte Geschosskörper 10 aus dichtem Metall mit pyrophoren Eigenschaften (depleted Uranium) besteht, sind leicht brennbare Teile des Hubschraubers, beispielsweise ein mit Treibstoff gefüller Behälter, besonders gefährdet.When the projectile body 10 strikes a target, for example a helicopter, the projectile body 10 penetrates the helicopter tailgate. The twist of the projectile body 10 is suddenly considerably reduced, and as a result, there are tears in the predetermined breaking points 24 with a fragment cone which is dependent in particular on the type and arrangement of the predetermined breaking points 24, the final bullet speed and the residual twist. This increases the probability with every single shot that a vital part arranged behind the side wall in the interior of the helicopter is struck and the helicopter is thus put out of action or destroyed. Since the fragments or splinters of the plastic 42 adhere to the pyrophoric metal particles 44 or the entire projectile body 10 consists of dense metal with pyrophoric properties (depleted uranium), easily combustible parts of the helicopter, for example a container filled with fuel, are particularly at risk.

Zum Erhalten eines möglichst hohen Restdralls ist es bei drallstabilisierten Geschossen nach der Erfindung vorteilhaft, den Umfangsbereich des Geschosskörpers 10 durchgängig aus möglichst dichtem Werkstoff zu gestalten. Insbesondere bei drallstabilisierten Geschossen nach der Erfindung ist es nämlich zum Erzielen eines weiten Splitterkegels vorteilhaft, einen möglichst grossen Trägheitsradius dadurch zu verwirklichen, dass die betreffenden Massen des Geschosskörpers 10 möglichst weit von der Geschosslängsachse A entfernt angeordnet werden.In order to obtain the highest possible twist, it is advantageous in the case of swirl-stabilized projectiles according to the invention to design the circumferential region of the projectile body 10 consistently from the densest possible material. In particular in the case of swirl-stabilized projectiles according to the invention, in order to achieve a wide splinter cone, it is advantageous to achieve the largest possible radius of inertia by arranging the relevant masses of the projectile body 10 as far as possible from the longitudinal axis A of the projectile.

Um eine Splitterbildung auch bei dünnsten Flugzeughäuten zu erzielen, weist der Geschosskörper 10 eine geringstmögliche Wandstärke auf. Um bei einem derart ausgebildeten Geschoss eine Verformung im Waffenrohr beim Abschuss zu vermeiden, muss im Wandbereich unterhalb des Führungsbandes 40 eine Wandstärkenschwächung den betreffenden Festigkeitsbetrachtungen und -anforderungen angepasst werden.In order to achieve splinter formation even with the thinnest aircraft skins, the projectile body 10 has the smallest possible wall thickness. In order to avoid deformation in the weapon barrel when firing in the case of a projectile of this type, a wall thickness weakening in the wall area below the guide band 40 must be adapted to the relevant considerations of strength and requirements.

Der Kunststoff 42 schliesstwenigstens ein pyrophores Metall unterschiedlicher Teilchengrösse und -formen ein. Hierbei kann es sich beispielsweise sowohl um Zirkon, Titan wie auch um abgereichertes Uran handeln. Die genannten Metalle können wenigstens teilweise auch als Metallschwamm vorliegen. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass dessen Porosität wenigstens teilweise erhalten bleibt, d.h. keine durchgehende Tränkung mit der Matrix erfolgt.The plastic 42 includes at least one pyrophoric metal of different particle sizes and shapes. This can be, for example, zirconium, titanium or depleted uranium. The metals mentioned can at least partially also be present as a metal sponge. It is important to ensure that its porosity is at least partially preserved, i.e. there is no continuous impregnation with the matrix.

Als Werkstoff für den rohrförmigen Geschosskörper 10 eignet sich wegen deren hoher Dichte eine einen hohen Wolframgehalt von wenigstens 85 Gew.-% aufweisende Sinterlegierung mit einer Bindemittelphase, beispielsweise aus Eisen und Nickel. Als weiterer Werkstoff hoher Dichte eignet sich abgereichertes Uran; da diesem Werkstoff eine pyrophore Wirkung eigentümlich ist, werden die Sollbruchstellen 24 nicht durch Ausnehmungen in der Wandung 12, sondern durch gezielte Strukturschwächung mit der bereits erwähnten Elektronenstrahlung verwirklicht. Anstelle von Elektronenstrahlen lassen sich auch Lichtstrahlen aus einem Laser verwenden.Because of its high density, a suitable material for the tubular projectile body 10 is a sintered alloy having a high tungsten content of at least 85% by weight with a binder phase, for example made of iron and nickel. Depleted uranium is suitable as another high-density material; Since this material has a pyrophoric effect, the predetermined breaking points 24 are not identified by recesses in the wall 12, but by targeted structural weakening with the one already mentioned Realized electron radiation. Instead of electron beams, light beams from a laser can also be used.

Claims (10)

1. A projectile having an annular wing without a detonator and comprising a tubular body (10) with generally smooth internal and external surfaces (20, 22) and with a guide band (40) positioned on the external surface (22) of the tube, characterized by preset fracture points (24) provided in the zone of the internal surface (20) and/or the external surface (22) and extending, in the forward zone of the body (10) of the projectile, at least into the zone of the guide band (40).
2. A projectile in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the projectile body (10) being made from a sintered alloy with a tungsten content of at least 85% by weight in a binder phase containing nickel and iron.
3. A projectile in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the projectile body (10) being made of depleted uranium.
4. A projectile in accordance with Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the preset breaking points (24) extending linearly (30) and parallel to the longitudinal axis (A) of the projectile and/or along paths (32, 34) which, in conjunction with the longitudinal axis (A) of the projectile, 'enclose an angle.
5. A projectile in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by the preset breaking points (24) being formed by zones in which the structure of the material within the wall (12) of the body (10) of the projectile is weakened by eletronic radiation.
6. A projectile in accordance with Claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized by the preset fracture points (24) being formed by depressions (36) which reduce the thickness of the wall (12) and which for restoration of a smooth surface state, are filled with a reinforced plastic (42) which includes at least one metallic constituent, the metallic constituent comprising titanium and/or zirconium and/or depleted uranium.
7. A projectile in accordance with Claim 6, characterized by the metallic constituent(s) being present in the form of particles (44) of different sizes.
8. A projectile in accordance with Claim 7, characterized by the particles (44) being in the form of grains of powder and/or fragments and/or chips.
9. A projectile in accordance with Claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized by the particles (44) being present in the form a sponge.
10. A projectile in accordance with Claim 9, characterized by the particles (44) being in the form of metallic sponge with the porosity generally maintained when included in the plastic.
EP82100911A 1981-03-25 1982-02-09 Tubular projectile Expired EP0060985B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813111725 DE3111725A1 (en) 1981-03-25 1981-03-25 IGNITIONLESS RINGWING BULLET
DE3111725 1981-03-25

Publications (2)

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EP0060985A1 EP0060985A1 (en) 1982-09-29
EP0060985B1 true EP0060985B1 (en) 1985-01-16

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EP (1) EP0060985B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3111725A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0060985A1 (en) 1982-09-29
DE3261871D1 (en) 1985-02-28
DE3111725A1 (en) 1982-10-07
US4495869A (en) 1985-01-29

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