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EP0059178A1 - Use of a solution for extinguishing fires and simultaneously flame-proofing the surroundings of the fire - Google Patents

Use of a solution for extinguishing fires and simultaneously flame-proofing the surroundings of the fire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059178A1
EP0059178A1 EP82890008A EP82890008A EP0059178A1 EP 0059178 A1 EP0059178 A1 EP 0059178A1 EP 82890008 A EP82890008 A EP 82890008A EP 82890008 A EP82890008 A EP 82890008A EP 0059178 A1 EP0059178 A1 EP 0059178A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
flame
extinguishing
alkali metal
agent
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EP82890008A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0059178B1 (en
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Franz Ragailler
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel agent which can be used not only to extinguish fires or fires, but also for, in particular, short-term and / or temporary flame-proofing of a wide variety of materials, such as wood, textiles or porous plastic objects, is suitable.
  • the present invention has set itself the goal of finding a means of extinguishing fire which does not have the aforementioned disadvantage and which, moreover, is already prophylactic, i.e. for short-term or temporary flame retarding of materials.
  • the present invention thus relates to a means for extinguishing fire and at the same time flaming the surroundings of the source of the fire, which can be easily removed after extinguishing the fire, which is characterized in that it consists of an aqueous solution of alkali metal citrate in a concentration of 10% -Mass up to the saturation concentration and optionally alkali metal bicarbonate and / or volatile or gaseous blowing agent.
  • the agent according to the invention is not only suitable for fighting fires, but also for preventive fire protection on the one hand the surroundings of a fire by fire-retardant impregnation and on the other hand of objects which are to be temporarily protected against possible fires.
  • the fire protective agent after it has served its purpose, be removed from the object in question easily and without leaving any damage or discoloration of the object can be removed again.
  • the agent according to the invention is also suitable for use in automatic fire extinguishers in which, like in a sprinkler system, extinguishing liquid is sprayed automatically when smoke occurs or when a certain temperature rises. If the agent according to the invention is used, not only is the necessary consumption of extinguishing agent reduced compared to pure water, so that no additional water damage occurs, it is also much easier to clean the room in question after the fire has been extinguished, since the agent according to the invention drying can be easily removed from the objects in the vicinity of the source of the fire (e.g. by brushing or by suction or the like).
  • the essential effect of the agent according to the invention is thus that it can be easily removed after fulfilling its purpose, without requiring a substantial amount of work and - above all - without any of the objects from which it is to be removed permanent damage occur.
  • the agent according to the invention is particularly suitable for the flame-resistant impregnation of objects which in turn are only used for a short time;
  • the impregnation of Christmas trees is thought of, which catches fire year after year around the turn of the year, when they are already very dry due to the relatively high room temperature, when trying to light the candles on them, usually afterwards at least the room in which they are set up, a robbery of the flames.
  • Spraying with the agent according to the invention is easy to carry out since it is completely harmless to health and certainly prevents the formation of a dreaded Christmas tree fire, even if the tree itself has already dried out to a large extent and is therefore inherently flammable.
  • the pressure required to spray the agent can be built up by the components themselves in a closed vessel.
  • the specified substances are not used for fire fighting per se, but only for binding the released gases, which means that these substances are added to the extinguishing liquid in a relatively small proportion. It is expressly stated that the substances are preferably used in a proportion of 1%.
  • the proposal according to the invention is based on using the alkali metal citrate, possibly in a mixture with the bicarbonate, as such for fighting fires, the salts being provided in substantially larger proportions in the extinguishing water.
  • the surprising moment according to the invention thus lies Mainly in that if one or more of the constituents that have always been present are omitted from known mixtures or solutions for fire-fighting purposes, a special and surprising effect, which could not have been foreseen in any way, can be achieved.
  • Example 1 A wooden board, 20 x 20 cm, 2.5 cm thick, was brushed with the flame for 30 minutes, the board burned to about 2/3 of its volume. When spray-impregnated, the surface only browned. The fire protection agent turns white when it is exposed to fire and later also black, thereby forming a glaze over the entire surface. After a 1/2 hour use of the propane gas flame, there were no effects of fire, except for the brown surface and the black glaze with the fire protection agent.
  • Example 2 This experiment was carried out with a cleaning rag. Without impregnation with the spray, the cleaning rag burned after a few seconds. After impregnation with the spray, the same symptoms appeared again; when the flame strikes the surface turns white and then black again after prolonged exposure to the flame. After impregnation, the cloth becomes hard, the surfaces of the pores are closed. The addition of citric acid is clearly noticeable here.
  • the sodium bicarbonate alone does not give such a hard surface and therefore does not offer this protection against flammability.
  • the sodium bicarbonate alone does not create a surface as closed as with the agent according to the invention. Immediately at the flame core, the cloth became black, outside the flame area the cloth remains as it was originally, but somewhat stiff and hard due to the impregnation. When the flame is withdrawn, there is no further burning, neither in the flame area nor outside the flame. After the test was completed, the impregnation could be removed by rubbing or brushing or washing out. This made the cloth supple again.
  • Example 3 This experiment was carried out with a plastic carpet. All plastic carpets would go up in flames in 5 to 10 s when the flame struck. The surface of the carpet melts and gives a black hard surface, whereby the lower foam of the carpet also burns immediately. The flames are very aggressive and spread very quickly, especially when there is wind. Half of a test carpet was sprayed with the spray and the progress of the flames was interrupted at the border. The surface had turned very little black, despite being exposed to flame for half an hour. The non-impregnated part of the carpet was completely burned and melted away. All that was left was the impregnated part, the surface of which retained the entire structure. When spraying these carpets you hardly notice any change.
  • Example 4 A cup with a diameter of 30 cm, approx. 2 cm high, was filled with oil, set on fire and then extinguished when sprayed for the first time.
  • the pressure of the liquid sprayed on the oil blows the fire aside.
  • the subsequent fire protection agent then closes the surface of the oil with this agent; this will extinguish the fire.
  • a white film is formed on the oil surface, which comes from the fire protection agent.
  • the agent according to the invention was inflated onto the oil by a small atomizer.
  • Example 5 This experiment was carried out with rubber. About 1/2 kg of rubber waste was lit. Only when the flame was correct, about 60 cm high, was the spray sprayed for 1 to 2 s; the flame went out immediately. A white layer was again visible as residue. Since nothing else burned, the fire protection agent could not melt and absorb carbon released during the fire.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

1. The use of an aqueous solution comprising additionally to optionally present alkali metal hydrogen carbonate and/or optionally present volatile and gaseous propellant exclusively alkali metal citrate in a concentration from 10% by weight up to the saturation concentration for extinguishing fire and simultaneously rendering flame and fireproof the neighborhood of the fire center.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein neuartiges Mittel, welches nicht nur zum Löschen von Feuer bzw. Bränden verwendet werden kann, sondern sich darüberhinaus auch zum insbesondere kurzfristigen und/oder vorübergehenden Flammfestmachen von verschiedenartigsten Materialien, wie beispielsweise Holz, Textilien bzw. porösen Kunststoffgegenständen, eignet.The present invention relates to a novel agent which can be used not only to extinguish fires or fires, but also for, in particular, short-term and / or temporary flame-proofing of a wide variety of materials, such as wood, textiles or porous plastic objects, is suitable.

Es ist bereits bekannt, zum Löschen von Feuer Lösungen von anorganischen Salzen, wie beispielsweise Alkali- bzw. Erdalkalisalzen von Kohlensäure, Phosphorsäure, Borsäure und dgl. zu verwenden. Es werden dabei relativ konzentrierte Lösungen eingesetzt, wobei die gelösten Salze die Löschwirkung des Wassers auf die Brände insoferne unterstützen, als entweder beim Erhitzen inerte, das Feuer nicht unterhaltende Gase freiwerden (wie beispielsweise C02 im Falle von Carbonaten) bzw. die Salze beim Erhitzen schmelzen und die brennenden Materialien ihrerseits mit einer den Sauerstoffzutritt hindernden Schmelze überziehen. Auf diese Weise wird die reine Löschwirkung des Wassers wesentlich unterstützt. Der Nachteil dieser bisher bekannten Lösungen besteht nun darin, daß sie sich insoferne als solche nicht zum insbesondere kurzfristigen und/oder vorübergehenden Flammfestimprägnieren verschiedenartiger Stoffe eignen, da im Falle einer Brandbekämpfung mit derartigen Lösungen nach Löschen des Feuers oder bei einer vorübergehenden Imprägnierung auf den besprühten Gegenständen, die durch die Flammen nicht zerstört wurden, ein nur schwer zu entfernender Überzug haften bleibt, so daß insbesondere gesagt werden kann, daß durch den Lösch- bzw. Imprägniervorgang meist ein zusätzlicher Schaden verursacht wird.It is already known to use solutions of inorganic salts, such as, for example, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid and the like, to extinguish fire. Relatively concentrated solutions are used, whereby the dissolved salts support the extinguishing effect of the water on the fires in so far as either inert gases are released during the heating process, which does not release the fire-maintaining gases (such as C0 2 in the case of carbonates) or the salts during heating melt and in turn cover the burning materials with a melt that prevents oxygen access. In this way, the pure The extinguishing effect of the water is significantly supported. The disadvantage of these previously known solutions is that they are not suitable as such for short-term and / or temporary flame-resistant impregnation of various substances, since in the event of fire-fighting with such solutions after extinguishing the fire or with a temporary impregnation on the sprayed objects which have not been destroyed by the flames, a coating which is difficult to remove sticks, so that it can be said in particular that the extinguishing or impregnation process usually causes additional damage.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich nun zum Ziel gesetzt, ein Mittel zum Löschen von Feuer zu finden, welcher den vorerwähnten Nachteil nicht aufweist und welches darüberhinaus auf Grund dieser Tatsache auch schon prophylaktisch, d.h. zum kurzfristigen bzw. vorübergehenden Flammfestmachen von Materialien, angewendet werden kann.The present invention has set itself the goal of finding a means of extinguishing fire which does not have the aforementioned disadvantage and which, moreover, is already prophylactic, i.e. for short-term or temporary flame retarding of materials.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit ein Mittel zum Löschen von Feuer und gleichzeitigem Flammfestmachen der Umgebung des Brandherdes, welches nach Löschen des Feuers leicht wieder entfernt werden kann, das durch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es aus einer wässerigen Lösung von Alkalimetalicitrat in einer Konzentration von 10 %-Masse bis zur Sättigungskonzentration sowie gegebenenfalls Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonat und/oder flüchtigem bzw. gasförmigem Treibmittel besteht.The present invention thus relates to a means for extinguishing fire and at the same time flaming the surroundings of the source of the fire, which can be easily removed after extinguishing the fire, which is characterized in that it consists of an aqueous solution of alkali metal citrate in a concentration of 10% -Mass up to the saturation concentration and optionally alkali metal bicarbonate and / or volatile or gaseous blowing agent.

Wie bereits einleitend erwähnt wurde, ist das erfindungsgemäße Mittel nicht nur zur Brandbekämpfung geeignet, sondern auch zum vorbeugenden Brandschutz einerseits der Umgebung eines Brandes durch brandhemmende Imprägnierung und andererseits von Gegenständen, welche vorübergehend vor möglichen Bränden geschützt werden sollen. Gerade bei diesen Verwendungszwecken ist es wesentlich, daß-das brandschützende aufgebrachte Mittel, nachdem es seinen Zweck erfüllt hat, von dem betreffenden Gegenstand leicht und ohne Hinterlassung von Beschädigungen bzw. Verfärbungen des Gegenstandes wieder entfernt werden kann. Es ist bekannt, daß bei der Brandbekämpfung durch das Löschmittel oft ein größerer Schaden als durch den eigentlichen Brand angerichtet werden kann; dies gilt insbesondere für relativ kleine Brände, zu deren sicherer Bekämpfung doch relativ große Mengen an Löschmittel eingesetzt werden müssen, die dann ihrerseits - im Falle der Verwendung von herkömmlichen Feuerlöschmitteln - die Umgebung des Brandherdes beschädigen bzw. ruinieren. Diese Nachteile können durch das erfindungsgemäße Mittel vermieden werden.As already mentioned in the introduction, the agent according to the invention is not only suitable for fighting fires, but also for preventive fire protection on the one hand the surroundings of a fire by fire-retardant impregnation and on the other hand of objects which are to be temporarily protected against possible fires. For these purposes in particular, it is essential that the fire protective agent, after it has served its purpose, be removed from the object in question easily and without leaving any damage or discoloration of the object can be removed again. It is known that fire fighting by the extinguishing agent can often cause greater damage than the actual fire; this applies in particular to relatively small fires, for their safe fighting relatively large amounts of extinguishing agent must be used, which in turn - in the case of the use of conventional fire extinguishing agents - damage or ruin the surroundings of the source of the fire. These disadvantages can be avoided by the agent according to the invention.

Insbesondere eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Mittel auch zum Einsatz in Feuerlöschautomaten, bei welchen, wie etwa bei einer Sprinkleranlage, beim Auftreten von Rauch oder aber bei einer bestimmten Temperaturerhöhung automatisch Löschflüssigkeit versprüht wird. Wenn dabei das erfindungsgemäße Mittel eingesetzt wird, ist nicht nur der notwendige Verbrauch an Löschmittel gegenüber reinem Wasser wesentlich reduziert, so daß keine zusätzlichen Wasserschäden auftreten, es ist darüberhinaus auch die Reinigung des betreffenden Raumes nach Löschung des Brandes wesentlich erleichtert, da das erfindungsgemäße Mittel nach dem Trocknen von den Gegenständen in der Umgebung des Brandherdes leicht entfernt werden kann (etwa durch Abbürsten oder durch Absaugen od.dgl.). Diese leichte Entfernbarkeit des Mittels nach Erzielung des gewünschten Effektes geht verloren, wenn dem Mittel weitere Salze (Natriumchlorid, Natriumsulfat od.dgl.) zugesetzt werden: es entsteht dann ein harter, fest haftender Überzug, der von den Gegenständen nur abgewaschen bzw. gegebenenfalls überhaupt nicht mehr entfernt werden kann.In particular, the agent according to the invention is also suitable for use in automatic fire extinguishers in which, like in a sprinkler system, extinguishing liquid is sprayed automatically when smoke occurs or when a certain temperature rises. If the agent according to the invention is used, not only is the necessary consumption of extinguishing agent reduced compared to pure water, so that no additional water damage occurs, it is also much easier to clean the room in question after the fire has been extinguished, since the agent according to the invention drying can be easily removed from the objects in the vicinity of the source of the fire (e.g. by brushing or by suction or the like). This easy removability of the agent after the desired effect has been achieved is lost if further salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or the like) are added to the agent: a hard, firmly adhering coating is then formed which is only washed off from the objects or, if necessary, at all cannot be removed.

Der wesentliche Effekt des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels liegt somit darin, daß es nach Erfüllung seines Zweckes leicht wieder entfernt werden kann, ohne daß dabei ein wesentlicher Arbeitsaufwand notwendig wird und - vor allem - ohne daß dabei an den Gegenständen, von welchen es entfernt werden soll, irgendwelche bleibende Schäden auftreten.The essential effect of the agent according to the invention is thus that it can be easily removed after fulfilling its purpose, without requiring a substantial amount of work and - above all - without any of the objects from which it is to be removed permanent damage occur.

Das erfindungsgemäße Mittel eignet sich schließlich vorzüglich zur flammfesten Imprägnierung von Gegenständen, die ihrerseits nur kurzfristig in Verwendung stehen; insbesondere ist dabei an die Imprägnierung von Christbäumen gedacht, welche Jahr für Jahr etwa um die Jahreswende, wenn sie durch die relativ hohe Zimmertemperatur bereits stark ausgetrocknet sind, beim Versuch, die darauf befindlichen Kerzen zu entzünden, Feuer fangen, wobei meist anschließend wenigstens der Raum, in welchem sie aufgestellt sind, ein Raub der Flammen wird. Eine Besprühung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel ist, da dieses gesundheitlich völlig unbedenklich ist, leicht durchzuführen und verhindert mit Sicherheit die Entstehung eines gefürchteten Christbaumbrandes, auch wenn der Baum selbst schon weitgehend ausgetrocknet und daher an sich feuergefährlich ist.Finally, the agent according to the invention is particularly suitable for the flame-resistant impregnation of objects which in turn are only used for a short time; In particular, the impregnation of Christmas trees is thought of, which catches fire year after year around the turn of the year, when they are already very dry due to the relatively high room temperature, when trying to light the candles on them, usually afterwards at least the room in which they are set up, a robbery of the flames. Spraying with the agent according to the invention is easy to carry out since it is completely harmless to health and certainly prevents the formation of a dreaded Christmas tree fire, even if the tree itself has already dried out to a large extent and is therefore inherently flammable.

Setzt man beim Mischen Hydrogencarbonat und Zitronensäure ein, so kann im geschlossenen Gefäß der zur Versprühung des Mittels nötige Druck durch die Bestandteile selbst aufgebaut werden.If hydrogen carbonate and citric acid are used for mixing, the pressure required to spray the agent can be built up by the components themselves in a closed vessel.

Als weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels sei erwähnt, daß es gesundheitlich völlig unbedenklich ist, ja sogar- bei Verwendung von reinen Substanzen - ohne weiteres getrunken werden könnte.As a further advantage of the agent according to the invention, it should be mentioned that it is completely harmless to health, and even - if pure substances are used - that it could be drunk without further ado.

Aus der AT-PS 298 254 ist es bereits bekannt geworden, einer Löschflüssigkeit zum Löschen von Bränden solcher Stoffe, aus denen bei Brand oder Erhitzung schädliche Gase freiwerden, dann, wenn Brände bekämpft werden, bei welchen saure Gase frei werden, Alkalicarbonate zuzusetzen, bzw. dann, wenn ein Brand bekämpft werden soll, bei welchem alkalische Stoffe freiwerden, u.a. Natriumcitrat zuzusetzen. Gemäß diesem Vorschlag sollen jedoch Alkalicarbonate einerseits und Natriumcitrat andererseits niemals in Kombination miteinander eingesetzt werden, sondern Jeweils nur zur Bekämpfung bzw. Bindung der bei den Bränden jeweils freiwerdenden sauren oder alkalischen Gase verwendet werden. Darüberhinaus sollen gemäß diesem Vorschlag die angegebenen Substanzen nicht zur Brandbekämpfung an sich, sondern lediglich zur Bindung der freiwerdenden Gase eingesetzt werden, was bedeutet, daß diese Stoffe der Löschflüssigkeit in relativ geringem Anteil zugesetzt werden. So wird ausdrücklich angeführt, daß die Stoffe vorzugsweise jeweils in einem Anteil von 1 % eingesetzt werden. Im Gegensatz dazu basiert der erfindungsgemäße Vorschlag darauf, das Alkalimetallcitrat, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit dem Hydrogencarbonat, als solches zur Bekämpfung von Bränden einzusetzen, wobei die Salze in wesentlich größeren Anteilen im Löschwasser vorzusehen sind.From AT-PS 298 254 it has already become known to add an alkali carbonate to an extinguishing liquid for extinguishing fires of those substances from which harmful gases are released in the event of fire or heating, when fires are combated in which acidic gases are released when fighting a fire in which alkaline substances are released, including adding sodium citrate. According to this proposal, however, alkali carbonates, on the one hand, and sodium citrate, on the other hand, should never be used in combination with one another, but should in each case only be used to combat or bind the acidic or alkaline gases released during the fires. In addition, according to this proposal, the specified substances are not used for fire fighting per se, but only for binding the released gases, which means that these substances are added to the extinguishing liquid in a relatively small proportion. It is expressly stated that the substances are preferably used in a proportion of 1%. In contrast to this, the proposal according to the invention is based on using the alkali metal citrate, possibly in a mixture with the bicarbonate, as such for fighting fires, the salts being provided in substantially larger proportions in the extinguishing water.

Aus der US-PS 1 278 716 Ist es bereits bekannt, Füllungen für Feuerlöscher vorzusehen, welche aus hochprozentigen Lösungen von tertiärem Alkalimetallcitrat mit einem mehr als 3-molaren Überschuß an Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonat bestehen. Diese Lösungen müssen außerdem beim Aufbringen auf den Brandherd notwendigerweise weitere Salze, insbesondere Alkalimetallsulfat bzw. Alkalimetallchlorid, enthalten, da sie dafür bestimmt sind, in Feuerlöschern eingesetzt zu werden, bei welchen aus der Reaktion des vorhandenen Alkalimetallmetallbicarbonats mit einer geeigneten Säure, wie Schwefelsäure oder Salzsäure, C02 entsteht, welches den für die Versprühung des Mittels notwendigen Druck liefert. Es sei ausdrücklich darauf verwiesen, daß mit derartigen Lösungen, welche beim Versprühen zusätzlich zum Alkalimetallcitrat bzw. gegebenenfalls auch Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonat noch Sulfat bzw. Chlorid oder den Rest einer anderen salzbildenden Säure enthalten, der erfindungsgemäß erzielbare Effekt, nämlich die leichte Entfernbarkeit der Rückstände nach Löschung des Brandes, nicht erzielt werden kann. Versuche haben ergeben, daß dann, wenn dem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel Sulfate, Chloride, oder etwa Phosphate zugesetzt werden, nach Verdunsten des Wassers auf den besprühten Gegenständen harte, fest haftende Überzüge hinterbleiben, welche nur schwer und meist unter Beschädigung der jeweiligen Gegenstände wieder entfernt werden können. Der überraschende erfindungsgemäße Moment liegt somit hauptsächlich darin, daß dann, wenn man aus an sich bekannten Mischungen bzw. Lösungen für Feuerlöschzwecke einen oder mehrere der bisher stets vorhandenen Bestandteile wegläßt, ein besonderer und überraschender Effekt, welcher in keiner Weise vorhergesehen werden konnte, erzielt werden kann.From US Pat. No. 1,278,716 it is already known to provide fillings for fire extinguishers which consist of high-percentage solutions of tertiary alkali metal citrate with a more than 3-molar excess of alkali metal bicarbonate. These solutions must also necessarily contain further salts, in particular alkali metal sulfate or alkali metal chloride, when they are applied to the source of the fire, since they are intended to be used in fire extinguishers in which the reaction of the alkali metal metal bicarbonate present with a suitable acid, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid , C0 2 arises, which supplies the pressure necessary for spraying the agent. It should be expressly pointed out that with such solutions which, when sprayed, in addition to the alkali metal citrate or, if appropriate, also alkali metal hydrogen carbonate, also contain sulfate or chloride or the rest of another salt-forming acid, the effect which can be achieved according to the invention, namely the easy removal of the residues after the quenching of the Fire, cannot be achieved. Experiments have shown that when sulfates, chlorides or phosphates are added to the agent according to the invention, hard, firmly adhering coatings remain on the sprayed objects after the water has evaporated, which coatings can be removed only with difficulty and mostly with damage to the respective objects . The surprising moment according to the invention thus lies Mainly in that if one or more of the constituents that have always been present are omitted from known mixtures or solutions for fire-fighting purposes, a special and surprising effect, which could not have been foreseen in any way, can be achieved.

Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die vorliegende Erfindung näher erläutern, ohne daß diese jedoch hierauf beschränkt sein soll.The following examples are intended to explain the present invention in more detail, without, however, being restricted thereto.

Sämtliche Beispiele wurden mittels eines Sprays durchgeführt, der in wässeriger Lösung aus 420 ml (= 37,80 g) Natriumhydrogencarbonat und 400 ml (= 36 g) Zitronensäure pro 1 Wasser hergestellt wurde. Der Spray wurde mittels einer Zerstäuberpumpe oder aus einer Spraydose, wobei als Treibgas ein hiefür üblicher, nicht brennbarer Fluor-Chlorkohlenwasserstoff eingesetzt war, versprüht. Als Zündflamme diente eine Propangasflamme mit ca. 1000°C.All examples were carried out using a spray which was prepared in aqueous solution from 420 ml (= 37.80 g) sodium hydrogen carbonate and 400 ml (= 36 g) citric acid per 1 water. The spray was sprayed by means of an atomizer pump or from a spray can, a conventional, non-flammable fluorine-chlorinated hydrocarbon being used as the propellant. A propane gas flame at approx. 1000 ° C was used as the pilot light.

Beispiel 1 : Ein Holzbrett, 20 x 20 cm, 2,5 cm stark, wurde mit der Flamme 30 min bestrichen, dabei brannte das Brett zu ca. 2/3 seines Volumens. Bei Imprägnierung mit Spray kam es nur zu einer Bräunung der Oberfläche. Das Brandschutzmittel wird bei Brandeinfluß weiß und in späterer Folge auch schwarz und bildet dadurch eine Glasur über die gesamte Oberfläche. Nach einer 1/2 h Einsatz der Propangasflamme zeigten sich keinerlei Brandeinwirkungen, außer den braunen Oberfläche und der schwarzen Glasur mit den Brandschutzmittel.Example 1: A wooden board, 20 x 20 cm, 2.5 cm thick, was brushed with the flame for 30 minutes, the board burned to about 2/3 of its volume. When spray-impregnated, the surface only browned. The fire protection agent turns white when it is exposed to fire and later also black, thereby forming a glaze over the entire surface. After a 1/2 hour use of the propane gas flame, there were no effects of fire, except for the brown surface and the black glaze with the fire protection agent.

Beispiel2: Dieser Versuch wurde mit einem Putzlappen durchgeführt. Ohne Imprägnierung mit dem Spray brannte der Putzlappen bereits nach einigen s. Nach Imprägnierung mit dem Spray zeigten sich wiederum die selben Symptome; bei Auftreffen der Flamme wird die Oberfläche weiß und dann wiederum nach längerer Flammeneinwirkung schwarz. Das Tuch wird nach der Imprägnierung hart, die Oberflächen der Poren sind dadurch verschlossen. Hier zeichnet sich deutlich der Zusatz der Zitronensäure aus. Das Natriumhydrogencarbonat alleine gibt keine derart harte Oberfläche und daher auch nicht diesen Schutz gegenüber der Entflammbarkeit. Durch das Natriumhydrogencarbonat alleine entsteht keine so geschlossene Oberfläche wie mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel. Unmittelbar beim Flammenkern wurde das Tuch schwarz, außerhalb des Flamnenbereiches bleibt das Tuch wie es ursprünglich war, jedoch durch die Imprägnierung etwas steif und hart. Beim Abziehen der Flamme gibt es kein Weiterbrennen, weder im Flammenbereich noch ausserhalb der Flamme. Nach vollendetem Versuch konnte man durch Reiben oder Bürsten bzw. Auswaschen die Imprägnierung entfernen. Dadurch wurde das Tuch wieder geschmeidig.Example 2: This experiment was carried out with a cleaning rag. Without impregnation with the spray, the cleaning rag burned after a few seconds. After impregnation with the spray, the same symptoms appeared again; when the flame strikes the surface turns white and then black again after prolonged exposure to the flame. After impregnation, the cloth becomes hard, the surfaces of the pores are closed. The addition of citric acid is clearly noticeable here. The sodium bicarbonate alone does not give such a hard surface and therefore does not offer this protection against flammability. The sodium bicarbonate alone does not create a surface as closed as with the agent according to the invention. Immediately at the flame core, the cloth became black, outside the flame area the cloth remains as it was originally, but somewhat stiff and hard due to the impregnation. When the flame is withdrawn, there is no further burning, neither in the flame area nor outside the flame. After the test was completed, the impregnation could be removed by rubbing or brushing or washing out. This made the cloth supple again.

Beispiel 3: Dieser Versuch wurde mit einem Kunststoffspannteppich durchgeführt. Sämtliche Kunststoffspannteppiche würden beim Auftreffen der Flamme in 5 bis 10 s in Flammen aufgehen. Die Oberfläche des Spannteppiches schmilzt und gibt eine schwarze harte Fläche, wobei dann auch der untere Schaumstoff des Spannteppiches sofort mitbrennt. Die Flammen sind sehr aggressiv und breiten sich sehr schnell aus, besonders wenn Wind dazukommt. Es wurde die Hälfte eines Versuchsteppiches mit dem Spray besprüht und an der Grenze ist das Fortschreiten der Flammen unterbrochen worden. Die Oberfläche war nur ganz wenig schwarz geworden, trotz halbstündiger Einwirkung einer Flamme. Der nichtimprägnierte Teil des Teppiches war vollkommen verbrannt und auch weggeschmolzen. Übrig blieb lediglich der imprägnierte Teil, an dessen Oberfläche die gesamte Struktur erhalten blieb. Beim Besprühen dieser Teppiche merkt man praktisch keine Änderung. Erst nach dem Verdunsten des Wassers wird dieser Teppich an der Oberfläche etwas hart. Es werden somit sämtliche Poren der Haare verschlossen, wodurch alleine die brennbare Oberfläche des Teppiches bedeutend verringert wird. Durch den Verschluß dieser gesamten Poren der Haare des Teppiches werden auch die bei Brand entstehenden gefährlichen giftigen Gase am Entweichen gehindert. Da das Imprägnierungsmittel beim Löschen ausser etwas Kohlensäure keinerlei Gase abgibt und die Gasentwicklung beim Teppichbrand stark behindert wird, werden Gasvergiftungen bei der Brandbekämpfung vermieden. Bei der Einwirkung der Flamme wird der imprägnierte Teppich an der Oberfläche weiß und bei weiterem Brand schwarz. Diese schwarze Schichte bildet die isolierende Oberfläche gegenüber dem darunterliegenden Material.Example 3: This experiment was carried out with a plastic carpet. All plastic carpets would go up in flames in 5 to 10 s when the flame struck. The surface of the carpet melts and gives a black hard surface, whereby the lower foam of the carpet also burns immediately. The flames are very aggressive and spread very quickly, especially when there is wind. Half of a test carpet was sprayed with the spray and the progress of the flames was interrupted at the border. The surface had turned very little black, despite being exposed to flame for half an hour. The non-impregnated part of the carpet was completely burned and melted away. All that was left was the impregnated part, the surface of which retained the entire structure. When spraying these carpets you hardly notice any change. Only after the water has evaporated does this surface become a little hard. All pores of the hair are thus closed, which alone significantly reduces the combustible surface of the carpet. By closing all of the pores in the hair of the carpet, the dangerous toxic gases which are produced in the event of a fire are prevented from escaping. Since the impregnating agent does not emit any gases except some carbonic acid when extinguishing and the gas development during carpet fire is severely hampered, gas poisoning during fire fighting is avoided. At the one effect of the flame, the impregnated carpet turns white on the surface and black if it burns further. This black layer forms the insulating surface against the underlying material.

Beispiel 4 : Es wurde eine Tasse mit 30 cm Durchmesser, ca. 2 cm hoch, mit Öl angefüllt, dieses in Brand gesetzt und dann beim ersten Ansprühen mit dem Spray gelöscht. Beim Ansprühen wird durch den Druck der Flüssigkeit, die auf das öl gesprüht wird, das Feuer zur Seite geblasen. Das nachkommende Brandschutzmittel schließt dann die Oberfläche des öles mit diesem Mittel ab; dadurch erlischt der Brand. Unmittelbar beim Besprühen entsteht wiederum an der öloberfläche ein weißer Film, welcher vom Brandschutzmittel stammt. Bei diesem Brandversuch wurde das erfindungsgemäße Mittel durch einen kleinen Zerstäuber auf das Öl aufgeblasen.Example 4: A cup with a diameter of 30 cm, approx. 2 cm high, was filled with oil, set on fire and then extinguished when sprayed for the first time. When spraying, the pressure of the liquid sprayed on the oil blows the fire aside. The subsequent fire protection agent then closes the surface of the oil with this agent; this will extinguish the fire. Immediately when spraying, a white film is formed on the oil surface, which comes from the fire protection agent. In this fire test, the agent according to the invention was inflated onto the oil by a small atomizer.

Beispiel 5 : Dieser Versuch wurde mit Gummi durchgeführt. Es wurden ca. 1/2 kg Gummiabfälle angezündet. Erst bei richtiger Flamme, ca. 60 cm Höhe, wurde mittels des Sprays 1 bis 2 s besprüht; die Flamme erlosch sofort. Als Rückstand war wiederum eine weiße Schichte zu erkennen. Da nichts weiter brannte, konnte auch das Feuerschutzmittel nicht schmelzen und beim Brand freiwerdenden Kohlenstoff aufnehmen.Example 5: This experiment was carried out with rubber. About 1/2 kg of rubber waste was lit. Only when the flame was correct, about 60 cm high, was the spray sprayed for 1 to 2 s; the flame went out immediately. A white layer was again visible as residue. Since nothing else burned, the fire protection agent could not melt and absorb carbon released during the fire.

Bei all den Versuchen wurde festgestellt, daß sämtliche brennbaren Materialien, welche einmal mit diesem Spray besprüht wurden, anschließend nicht mehr brannten. Da bei den Brandversuchen nur mit kleinen Mengen gearbeitet wurde, wurde festgestellt, daß sehr wenig Material für die Brandbekämpfung nötig ist. Die bereits erwähnte weiße Oberfläche ist gerade so weit sichtbar, daß sie eine ganz dünne weiße Schicht ergibt, ähnlich einer Staubzuckerschicht. Da diese Schicht klebrig ist, kann ein Brandschutz bzw. eine Brandbekämpfung in jeder Lage durchgeführt werden; dies im Gegensatz zu der Möglichkeit bei normalen Schaumlöschern, bei welchen der Schaum nicht über Kopf eingesetzt werden kann.In all of the tests, it was found that all flammable materials that were sprayed with this spray did not burn afterwards. Since only small quantities were used in the fire tests, it was found that very little material is required to fight the fire. The white surface already mentioned is just so far visible that it results in a very thin white layer, similar to a layer of icing sugar. Since this layer is sticky, fire protection or fire fighting can be done be carried out in any position; this is in contrast to the possibility with normal foam extinguishers, where the foam cannot be used overhead.

Aus diesen Beispielen ist ersichtlich, daß beim Besprühen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Feuerschutzmittel als Brandschutzmittel zunächst an der Oberfläche eine feuchte Imprägnierung entsteht. Bei Feuereinwirkung verdunstet das Wasser, die Salze werden abgeschieden und bilden eine dünne weiße Schicht. Diese Schicht ist hart und wird bei weiterer Flammeneinwirkung immer härter, bis sie zu schmelzen beginnt. Dabei wird sie schwarz und duktil, bis sie bei weiterer Flammeneinwirkung versprödet. Das darunter liegende brennbare Material kann im Extremfall verkohlen, eine Entflammung findet jedoch nicht statt.From these examples it can be seen that when sprayed with the fire protection agent according to the invention as a fire protection agent, a moist impregnation initially occurs on the surface. When exposed to fire, the water evaporates, the salts are separated and form a thin white layer. This layer is hard and becomes harder with further exposure to flame until it begins to melt. It turns black and ductile until it becomes brittle when exposed to further flames. The flammable material underneath can carbonize in extreme cases, but there is no ignition.

Claims (2)

1. Mittel zum Löschen von Feuer und gleichzeitigem Flammfestmachen der Umgebung des Brandherdes, welches nach Löschen des Feuers leicht wieder entfernt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einer wässerigen Lösung von Alkalimetallcitrat in einer Konzentration von 10 %-Masse bis zur Sättigungskonzentration sowie gegebenenfalls Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonat und/oder flüchtigem bzw. gasförmigem Treibmittel besteht.1. Means for extinguishing fire and at the same time flaming the surroundings of the fire, which can be easily removed after extinguishing the fire, characterized in that it consists of an aqueous solution of alkali metal citrate in a concentration of 10% by weight to the saturation concentration and optionally Alkali metal bicarbonate and / or volatile or gaseous blowing agent. 2. Mittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einer wässerigen Lösung eines Gemisches von sekundärem und tertiärem Natriumcitrat besteht.2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of an aqueous solution of a mixture of secondary and tertiary sodium citrate.
EP82890008A 1981-02-12 1982-01-20 Use of a solution for extinguishing fires and simultaneously flame-proofing the surroundings of the fire Expired EP0059178B1 (en)

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AT663/81 1981-02-12
AT0066381A AT369995B (en) 1981-02-12 1981-02-12 MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE AND AT THE SAME TIME TURNING THE FIRE OUTSIDE

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EP0229600A1 (en) * 1985-11-05 1987-07-22 Harald Walter Schuler Agent for extinguishing fires and for impregnating against fires
WO1988000482A1 (en) * 1986-07-18 1988-01-28 Toj Produktions- Und Handelsgesellschaft Für Techn Product for fire control and fireproofing impregnation
EP0263570A1 (en) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-13 Allanco Flamex International Corp. Fire-extinguishing solution for extinguishing phosphorous and metal fires
FR2763250A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-20 Ansul Inc NOVEL FLAME-EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A EUTECTIC MIXTURE OF SALT AND WATER AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME FOR EXTINGUISHING FLAME
WO2001058529A1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-16 Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc. Fire blanket
WO2002072204A3 (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-11-28 Franz Howorka Fire-extinguishing agent and impregnant material
US8273813B2 (en) 2004-11-24 2012-09-25 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Fire extinguishing and/or fire retarding compositions
US11395931B2 (en) 2017-12-02 2022-07-26 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Method of and system network for managing the application of fire and smoke inhibiting compositions on ground surfaces before the incidence of wild-fires, and also thereafter, upon smoldering ambers and ashes to reduce smoke and suppress fire re-ignition
US11400324B2 (en) 2017-12-02 2022-08-02 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Method of protecting life, property, homes and businesses from wild fire by proactively applying environmentally-clean anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid spray in advance of wild fire arrival and managed using a wireless network with GPS-tracking
US11826592B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2023-11-28 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire
US11865390B2 (en) 2017-12-03 2024-01-09 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire
US11865394B2 (en) 2017-12-03 2024-01-09 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires
US11911643B2 (en) 2021-02-04 2024-02-27 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire
US12168152B2 (en) 2021-02-04 2024-12-17 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Remotely-triggered wildfire defense system for automatically spraying environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor to proactively form thin fire-inhibiting alkali metal salt crystalline coatings on sprayed combustible surfaces prior to wildfire

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DE3525684A1 (en) * 1985-07-18 1986-10-30 TOJ Produktions- und Handelsgesellschft für technische Produkte mbH, 8466 Bruck Firefighting composition for spraying

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Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0229600A1 (en) * 1985-11-05 1987-07-22 Harald Walter Schuler Agent for extinguishing fires and for impregnating against fires
WO1988000482A1 (en) * 1986-07-18 1988-01-28 Toj Produktions- Und Handelsgesellschaft Für Techn Product for fire control and fireproofing impregnation
EP0263570A1 (en) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-13 Allanco Flamex International Corp. Fire-extinguishing solution for extinguishing phosphorous and metal fires
FR2763250A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-20 Ansul Inc NOVEL FLAME-EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A EUTECTIC MIXTURE OF SALT AND WATER AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME FOR EXTINGUISHING FLAME
EP0878213A3 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-25 Ansul, Incorporated A combination of a novel fire extinguishing composition employing a eutectic salt mixture and water and a method using same to extinguish fires
WO2001058529A1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-16 Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc. Fire blanket
US6983805B2 (en) 2000-02-14 2006-01-10 Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc. Fire blanket
WO2002072204A3 (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-11-28 Franz Howorka Fire-extinguishing agent and impregnant material
US8273813B2 (en) 2004-11-24 2012-09-25 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Fire extinguishing and/or fire retarding compositions
US11697041B2 (en) 2017-12-02 2023-07-11 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Method of proactively defending combustible property against fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wild fire
US11697040B2 (en) 2017-12-02 2023-07-11 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Wild fire defense system network using a command center, spraying systems and mobile computing systems configured to proactively defend homes and neighborhoods against threat of wild fire by spraying environmentally-safe anti-fire chemical liquid on property surfaces before presence of wild fire
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Also Published As

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ATA66381A (en) 1982-07-15
AR228969A1 (en) 1983-05-13
PH17155A (en) 1984-06-13
BR8200680A (en) 1982-12-14
EP0059178B1 (en) 1985-05-15
DE3263456D1 (en) 1985-06-20
AU553121B2 (en) 1986-07-03
JPS57150970A (en) 1982-09-17
AT369995B (en) 1983-02-25
AU8028682A (en) 1982-08-19
ZA82836B (en) 1983-01-26

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