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EP0055319A1 - Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip mit Selbstüberwachung - Google Patents

Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip mit Selbstüberwachung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0055319A1
EP0055319A1 EP80401886A EP80401886A EP0055319A1 EP 0055319 A1 EP0055319 A1 EP 0055319A1 EP 80401886 A EP80401886 A EP 80401886A EP 80401886 A EP80401886 A EP 80401886A EP 0055319 A1 EP0055319 A1 EP 0055319A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
transmitter
light
detector
accessory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80401886A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0055319B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Lanore
Bernard Lauwick
Philippe Detriche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Original Assignee
Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8187415&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0055319(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA filed Critical Compagnie Centrale Sicli SA
Priority to DE8080401886T priority Critical patent/DE3070136D1/de
Priority to EP80401886A priority patent/EP0055319B1/de
Priority to AT80401886T priority patent/ATE11706T1/de
Publication of EP0055319A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055319A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0055319B1 publication Critical patent/EP0055319B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, and to optical detectors implementing this method.
  • optical diffusion smoke detectors in particular for fire prevention.
  • These optical detectors essentially comprise a sensor, a circuit for processing the signal delivered by the sensor and means for transmitting the processed signal.
  • the sensor ( Figure 1) consists of a transmitter 1, a receiver 2 and a screen 3 preventing the emitted light from coming directly to the receiver.
  • a cover 4 comprising a baffle system 5 whose purpose is to allow the penetration of fumes into the sensor and to avoid any propagation of ambient light towards the interior of the sensor.
  • the cover 4 is internally provided with a mat coating or any geometrical arrangement in order to avoid parasitic reflection towards the receiver, of the light emitted by the transmitter. In the standby state, the receiver of this type of sensor therefore receives no illumination.
  • the main drawback of this type of detector lies in the fact that in the standby state, the receiver receiving no illumination, it is impossible to know whether the transmitter and the receiver will be able to signal an alarm, during 'a fire.
  • the present invention makes it possible to solve this problem by providing a complete and permanent self-checking of the detector, whatever the type of the transmitter (incandescent lamp or light-emitting diode, for example) and whatever the type of the receiver (photodiode or photo-transitor for example).
  • the detector when the detector is faulty, it transmits fault information.
  • the subject of the invention is a self-checking method for an optical diffusion smoke detector, of the type in which a sensor accessible to smoke comprises a light emitter and a light receiver protected from ambient light and parasitic reflections, characterized in that part of the light emitted by the transmitter is permanently received by the receiver which delivers a signal corresponding to the standby state, so that the variation of the standby signal, due to a fault or smoke, respectively triggers fault information or alarm information.
  • the invention also relates to an optical detector for the implementation of the above method, characterized in that it comprises an accessory intended to ensure the transmission to the receiver of part of the light emitted by the transmitter.
  • this accessory is a reflector, a diffuser, an optical light guide, a screen, a window, or a secondary receiver.
  • this accessory is the assembly of an auxiliary optical receiver and transmitter.
  • the accessory used is a reflective element 7 whose role is to return some of the light emitted by the transmitter 1 to the receiver 2.
  • the receiver receives a weak illumination leading for the detector to a standby state corresponding to the line v of the medium in FIG. 4.
  • the suspended particles 6 scatter the light from the emitter 1 in all directions. An additional illumination linked to the diffusion by the particles 6 is then added to the illumination due to the reflector 7, which leads to the corresponding alarm state line a of FIG. 4.
  • the signal delivered by the sensor is modified by reduction or suppression leading for the detector to a fault state, line d of FIG. 4 .
  • the method used here to perform the self-check is valid regardless of the type of transmitter and regardless of the type of receiver.
  • the element 7 used as a reflector can be of different shape: mirror, calibrated wire or other.
  • the light emitter is a light-emitting diode 1 and the receiver is a phototransistor 2 mounted in a bridge with a resistor 10.
  • Two potentiometers 11 and 12 are also mounted in bridge, their sockets supplying one of the inputs two comparators 13 and 14. The adjustment of potentiometers 11 and 12 makes it possible to adjust the alarm and fault thresholds, respectively.
  • the midpoint of the J have, between the transistor 2 and the resistor 10, is connected to the other input of each of the two comparators 13 and 14.
  • the switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.
  • the signal from the transmitter 1 is pulsed by means of an oscillator 15.
  • the receiver 2 is tuned to the transmitter 1 through an electronic gate 16 which supplies a shaping circuit 17.
  • the formatted signal is then analyzed by means of two comparators 13 and 14, the other input of which is supplied by means of potentiometers 11 and 12 respectively.
  • the switching of the comparators 13 and 14 respectively delivers the alarm signal a and fault d.
  • a component 8 is used, the aim of which is to direct part of the light emitted by the emitter 1 towards the receiver 2.
  • the receiver Under normal ambient conditions, the receiver receives a basic illumination leading the detector 2 to a standby state (v, figure 4). In the presence of smoke, the basic lighting is superimposed on the light scattered by the smoke particles. Receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal (a, figure 4).
  • the method used here to carry out the self-check is valid whatever the type of transmitter and whatever the type of receiver. She is also independent of the type of treatment used, it remains valid regardless of the nature of the light emitted, continuous signal or pulsed signal of any shape.
  • the element used to direct the light can be of various types: light guide, optical fiber or others.
  • a receiver is used with a large sensitive surface, part of which directly receives the illumination from the transmitter through a window 9 of the screen 3.
  • This window can be arranged on the edge of the screen.
  • two receivers are used, one 2a being protected from the light emitted by the transmitter 1, the other 2b being subjected to all or part, directly or indirectly of the illumination due to the transmitter 1.
  • the combination of the two receivers is considered to be a single element for signal processing.
  • the receiver 2a In the presence of smoke, the receiver 2a being subjected to an illumination, its characteristics change, the receiver 2b remaining in a state close to its initial state.
  • the reception assembly 2 therefore evolves towards a new equilibrium leading the detector to an alarm state.
  • a transmitter 1 with a wide aperture angle A is used, and a receiver 2 whose field of vision is defined by a wide angle B.
  • the screen 3 is arranged between the transmitter and the receiver, so that the receiver does not directly receive an illumination from the transmitter.
  • the screen 3 must not completely block the opening angles A and B.
  • the edge of the screen 3 diffuses the light emitted by the transmitter, so that the receiver receives a diffused illumination which places it in the standby state (v, FIG. 4).
  • the illumination received by the receiver is higher than the previous one and the receiver 2 then delivers an alarm signal a.
  • the fault signal is sent.
  • two transmitters 1a and 1b and two receivers 2a and 2b are used, associated in pairs, 1a-2a and 1b-2b respectively.
  • the emitters la, lb emit light at different frequencies, fa and fb respectively.
  • Each transmitter 1a, 1b directly illuminates its associated receiver 2a, 2b respectively. This situation corresponds to the standby state. If either of the transmitters or receivers breaks down, or if a receiver no longer receives light, the fault signal appears.
  • the presence of smoke in the sensor means that by diffusion, part of the light of frequency fa emitted by the transmitter la is received by the receiver 2b, and the alarm signal is emitted.
  • the symbolic diagram in FIG. 13 shows a typical application of the electronic signal processing of this self-checking device.
  • the receiver 2a is followed by a bandpass filter 18 of central frequency fa, which supplies an input to a comparator 19, the other input 20 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the receiver 2b is followed by a filter 21 of central frequency fb supplying an input of a comparator 22, the other input 23 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the outputs of the two comparators 19 and 22 are connected to an OR gate 24 delivering the fault signal in the event of one of the comparators switching over due to non-transmission by one of the receivers 2a and 2b of a frequency signal fa and fb respectively.
  • the output of the receiver 2b is connected to a filter 25 whose central frequency is fa.
  • the output of the filter 25 supplies an input to a comparator 26, the other input 27 of which is supplied by a reference voltage defining a tilting threshold.
  • the comparator 2b switches over and delivers at its output an alarm signal a.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the self-checking of the sensor of an optical diffusion smoke detector, by self-checking of the transmitter and of the receiver, as well as of the path optic between transmitter and receiver in most cases.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP80401886A 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip mit Selbstüberwachung Expired EP0055319B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8080401886T DE3070136D1 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Smoke detector of the light diffusion type with self-checking
EP80401886A EP0055319B1 (de) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip mit Selbstüberwachung
AT80401886T ATE11706T1 (de) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Rauchmelder nach dem lichtstreuungsprinzip mit selbstueberwachung.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80401886A EP0055319B1 (de) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip mit Selbstüberwachung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0055319A1 true EP0055319A1 (de) 1982-07-07
EP0055319B1 EP0055319B1 (de) 1985-02-06

Family

ID=8187415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80401886A Expired EP0055319B1 (de) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 Rauchmelder nach dem Lichtstreuungsprinzip mit Selbstüberwachung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0055319B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE11706T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3070136D1 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0462642A1 (de) * 1990-06-21 1991-12-27 Ajax De Boer B.V. Optischer Rauch-, Aerosol- und Staubdetektor und Brandmeldeanlage mit optischem Detektor
US5231378A (en) * 1990-06-23 1993-07-27 Kidde-Graviner Limited Particle detection which senses scattered light
GB2273769A (en) * 1992-12-15 1994-06-29 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor for particles
FR2736183A1 (fr) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-03 Automatismes Sicli Detecteur optique de fumee a diffusion
GB2342987A (en) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-26 David Appleby Improved smoke dectector with fault monitoring capability
DE102013002859A1 (de) 2013-02-20 2014-08-21 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Detektion von Rauch in einem Raum und Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Funktionsfähigkeit einer derartigen Vorrichtung
US10825334B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2020-11-03 Autronica Fire & Security As Smoke detector operational integrity verification system and method
CN113519017A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2021-10-19 能美防灾株式会社 感烟探测器

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12542041B2 (en) 2023-04-16 2026-02-03 Kidde Fire Protection, Llc Self-testing smoke detector having an electrochromic film

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB341086A (en) * 1928-10-30 1931-01-12 Kidde & Co Walter Improvements relating to the detection of foreign matter in fluids
GB936623A (en) * 1959-01-22 1963-09-11 Pyrotector Inc Improvements in or relating to apparatus for detecting small particles in a space
US3417392A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-12-17 Julian E. Hansen Sr. Fire detector
GB1172353A (en) * 1966-02-16 1969-11-26 Pyrene Co Ltd Improvements relating to Smoke Detectors
GB1446646A (en) * 1973-09-20 1976-08-18 Chubb Fire Security Ltd Smoke detector
FR2347676A1 (fr) * 1976-04-05 1977-11-04 Cerberus Ag Detecteur de fumee

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB341086A (en) * 1928-10-30 1931-01-12 Kidde & Co Walter Improvements relating to the detection of foreign matter in fluids
GB936623A (en) * 1959-01-22 1963-09-11 Pyrotector Inc Improvements in or relating to apparatus for detecting small particles in a space
US3417392A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-12-17 Julian E. Hansen Sr. Fire detector
GB1172353A (en) * 1966-02-16 1969-11-26 Pyrene Co Ltd Improvements relating to Smoke Detectors
GB1446646A (en) * 1973-09-20 1976-08-18 Chubb Fire Security Ltd Smoke detector
FR2347676A1 (fr) * 1976-04-05 1977-11-04 Cerberus Ag Detecteur de fumee

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0462642A1 (de) * 1990-06-21 1991-12-27 Ajax De Boer B.V. Optischer Rauch-, Aerosol- und Staubdetektor und Brandmeldeanlage mit optischem Detektor
NL9001415A (nl) * 1990-06-21 1992-01-16 Ajax De Boer B V Optische rook-, aerosol- en stofdetector en brandmeldingsapparaat met optische detector.
US5231378A (en) * 1990-06-23 1993-07-27 Kidde-Graviner Limited Particle detection which senses scattered light
GB2273769A (en) * 1992-12-15 1994-06-29 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor for particles
GB2273769B (en) * 1992-12-15 1996-08-28 Stephen Henry Ellwood Proportional light scattering sensor
FR2736183A1 (fr) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-03 Automatismes Sicli Detecteur optique de fumee a diffusion
GB2342987A (en) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-26 David Appleby Improved smoke dectector with fault monitoring capability
GB2342987B (en) * 1998-10-20 2003-03-19 David Appleby Improved smoke sensor with a fault monitoring capability
DE102013002859A1 (de) 2013-02-20 2014-08-21 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Detektion von Rauch in einem Raum und Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Funktionsfähigkeit einer derartigen Vorrichtung
DE102013002859B4 (de) 2013-02-20 2018-08-23 Detectomat Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Detektion von Rauch in einem Raum und Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Funktionsfähigkeit einer derartigen Vorrichtung
US10825334B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2020-11-03 Autronica Fire & Security As Smoke detector operational integrity verification system and method
CN113519017A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2021-10-19 能美防灾株式会社 感烟探测器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3070136D1 (en) 1985-03-21
ATE11706T1 (de) 1985-02-15
EP0055319B1 (de) 1985-02-06

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