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EP0049921B1 - Klares, flüssiges Kraftstoffgemisch für Verbrennungsmotoren - Google Patents

Klares, flüssiges Kraftstoffgemisch für Verbrennungsmotoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049921B1
EP0049921B1 EP81201092A EP81201092A EP0049921B1 EP 0049921 B1 EP0049921 B1 EP 0049921B1 EP 81201092 A EP81201092 A EP 81201092A EP 81201092 A EP81201092 A EP 81201092A EP 0049921 B1 EP0049921 B1 EP 0049921B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
weight
mixture
methanol
alcohols
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81201092A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0049921A1 (de
Inventor
Wilhelmus Aloisius Barbara Donners
Gerrit Hovestreydt
Marinus Johannes A. M. Den Otter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stamicarbon BV
Original Assignee
Stamicarbon BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stamicarbon BV filed Critical Stamicarbon BV
Priority to AT81201092T priority Critical patent/ATE11676T1/de
Publication of EP0049921A1 publication Critical patent/EP0049921A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0049921B1 publication Critical patent/EP0049921B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clear liquid mixture for application as fuel in combustion engines, comprising:
  • the fuel mixture described in this patent specification consists of:
  • a special combination of surface-active agents is required for the dispersion of alcohol and water in petrol or oil in order to obtain a stable water-containing fuel mixture with a water-soluble alcohol, such as methanol.
  • a water-soluble alcohol such as methanol.
  • alcohol fully soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, propanol or a mixture of these alcohols is applied.
  • the Dutch patent application 7416290 relates to the operation of Otto and rotary piston engine, using petrol as fuel simultaneously with water-containing crude methanol. It is true that the alcohol used is cheap, but this is amply offset by the disadvantage that for each motor vehicle separate tanks and separate injection systems for the petrol and for the water-containing crude methanol are required. When combined in advance, such a mixture will show phase separation, which makes application impossible. In order to be able to use this fuel each motor vehicle, will require the necessary investments.
  • the European patent application 12345 relates to engine and turbine fuels containing water and alcohol and using a special and expensive nonionogenic emulsifier to obtain good stability, even in coldness. Relatively much stirring energy is required in order to prepare a milky emulsion of the various components. Another disadvantage is that, if this fuel mixture has been left to stand for some time, or if unfortunately water has found its way into it, further stirring energy will be required again in order to obtain an emulsion. This is rather problematical if this fuel mixture is contained in the tank of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine if phase separation has already taken place. The stability in coldness, too, is not quite satisfactory.
  • the purpose of the invention is to remove the said disadvantages and to provide a clear liquid fuel mixture for combustion engines, as stated in the preamble, which fuel mixture is cheap, does not separate out even after it has been left to stand for a long time, which is stable at -20°C and which allows the various components to be mixed with each other virtually without use of stirring energy to form a clear liquid mixture.
  • a further purpose of the invention is to provide a fuel mixture containing relatively few petroleum- recovered hydrocarbons and relatively many liquid raw materials which can be prepared from natural gas and/or coal. Furthermore, the fuel mixture must be applicable in the existing engines.
  • the stability range i.e. the range in which a clear mixture is obtained and/or kept, to be as wide as possible, particularly at -20°C. This will strongly reduce the risk of phase separation at fluctuations in the composition of the mixture. Furthermore, it will also give greater freedom in the composition of the fuel mixture.
  • the fuel mixture consists of:
  • the alcohols with 4-12 C atoms not or sparingly solubility in water may also be divalent alcohols, such as diols. Preference, however, is given to monovalent alcohols.
  • Sparingly soluble in water is understood here to mean that only very subordinate quantities will dissolve in water, i.e. smaller than 25% by weight, preferably smaller than 10% weight.
  • the mixture can be converted very simply into a clear whole. This can be done by shaking, filling of the storage tank or simply by transport.
  • Another major advantage of the invention is that, without adversely effecting the clearness and stability of the fuel mixture, the quantities of water-soluble alcohols and alcohols not or sparingly soluble in water can be varied in respect of each other.
  • methanol water and higher alcohol may be present in such amounts that the fuel mixture contains 1-10% by weight of water; 0,1-25% by weight of methanol; 0,01-20% by weight of alcohols with 4 to 12 C atoms not or sparingly soluble in water and 5-10% by weight of alcohols with 2-4 C atoms fully soluble in water.
  • Another liquid mixture according to the invention may contain methanol, water and higher alcohols in such an amount that the fuel mixture contains 1-10 by weight of water, 0,1-25% by weight of methanol, 5-20% by weight of alcohols with 4-12 C atoms not or sparingly soluble in water and 0,01 -5% by weight of alcohols with 2-4 C atoms fully soluble in water.
  • the alcohol with 2-4 C atoms fully soluble in water is preferably tertiary butanol, together with the small quantities of alcohols not or sparingly soluble in water.
  • the alcohol with 4-12 C atoms not or sparingly soluble in water is n-butanol or n-pentanol.
  • the quantities of water and methanol in the liquid mixture can be varied in respect of each other.
  • the liquid mixture according to the invention preferably methanol, water and higher alcohols are present in such amounts that the fuel mixture contains 1-5% by weight of water and 2-15% by weight of methanol.
  • micro-emulsion is formed, which is understood to mean a transparent, stable, liquid system consisting of at least two liquids which cannot or hardly be mixed, in which system one liquid is dispersed by means of one or more surface-active substances in the other.
  • the drop size is substantially smaller than that of an ordinary emulsion and, in consequence, a micro-emulsion, unlike an ordinary emulsion, is transparent.
  • the formation of micro-emulsions requires no special measures. They are formed spontaneously as soon as the various components are brought together. Preferably anionogenic or nonionogenic surface-active substances and specifically combinations thereof are applied.
  • a mixture of surface-active acid and salts of these acids as surface-active substances have the greatest preference, because these have been found very suitable and are, moreover, cheap.
  • the liquid mixture preferably contains 0.1-10% by weight of surface-active substances. The quantity can easily be determined by one skilled in the art. If a nonclear emulsion is formed, the quantity must be increased.
  • a mixture of methanol, water and alcohols not or sparingly soluble in water can be obtained directly by catalytic steam reforming of methane an successive catalytic synthesis of the gas mixture obtained, without successive purification, such as removal of water and higher alcohols.
  • the mixture formed is extremely suitable for dispersion in petrol by means of surface-active substances and optionally a higher alcohol, in which process a mixture is obtained which remains clear and stable within a wide temperature range (-20°C to +30°C).
  • the mixture obtained contains, in respect of methanol, 10-25% by volume of water and 0.05-0.5% by volume or more of higher alcohols.
  • the mixture may additionally contain an ether with 2-8 C atoms, specifically methyl-tertiary butylether.
  • the alcohol not soluble in water can then be partly replaced by the said ether.
  • the mixture of surface-active substances was dissolved in the alcohol mixture and as such added to the petrol.
  • the mixture contains 10 ml regular petrol (RON 88; MON 82), 0.8 g ammonium oleate-oleic acid mixture in the proportion of 60:40; 1.8 g crude methanol of the composition as in example I.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Klares, flüssiges Gemisch zur Verwendung als Kraftstoff in Verbrennungsmotoren, enthaltend:
ein flüssiges Kohlenwasserstoffgemisch,
Wasser,
einen völlig wasserlöslichen Alkohol,
oberflächenaktive Substanzen,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kraftstoffgemisch aus:
a) einem flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffgemisch,
b) einem Gemisch aus Methanol, Wasser und höheren Alkoholen, das durch Dampfreformieren von Methan und nachfolgende katalytische Synthese des erhaltenen Gasgemischs mit solchen Werten erzielt wird, daß das Kraftstoffgemisch 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Wasser, 0,1 bis 25 Gew.-% Methanol und 0,01 bis 20 Gew.-% nicht oder schwer wasserlösliche Alkohole mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen enthält,
c) 0,1 bis 15 Gew.-% oberflächenaktiben Substanzen und wahlweise
d) 5 bis 20 Gew.-% eines Alkohols mit 2 bis 12 C-Atomen und/oder
e) 0,01 bis 15 Gew.-% eines Äthers mit 2 bis 8 C-Atomen

besteht.
2. Klares, flüssiges Gemisch nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das flüssige Gemisch aus Methanol, Wasser und höheren Alkoholen in einem solchen Umfang vorliegt, daß das Kraftstoffgemisch 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Wasser, 0,1 bis 25 Gew.-% Methanol, 0,01 bis 20 Gew.-% nicht oder schwer wasserlösliche Alkohole mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und 5 bis 10 Gew.-% völlig wasserlösliche Alkohole mit 2 bis 4 C-Atomen enthält.
3. Klares, flüssiges Gemisch nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gemisch aus Methanol, Wasser und höheren Alkoholen in einem solchen Umfang vorliegt, daß das Kraftstoffgemisch 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Wasser, 0,1 bis 25 Gew.-% Methanol, 5 bis 20 Gew.-% nicht oder schwer wasserlösliche Alkohole mit 4 bis 12 C-Atomen und 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-% völlig wasserlösliche Alkohole mit 2 bis 4 C-Atomen enthält.
4. Klares, flüssiges Gemisch nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gemisch aus Methanol, Wasser und höheren Alkoholen in solch einem Umfang vorliegt, daß das Kraftstoffgemisch 1 bis 5 Gew.-% Wasser und 2 bis 15 Gew.-% Methanol enthält.
EP81201092A 1980-10-09 1981-10-02 Klares, flüssiges Kraftstoffgemisch für Verbrennungsmotoren Expired EP0049921B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81201092T ATE11676T1 (de) 1980-10-09 1981-10-02 Klares, fluessiges kraftstoffgemisch fuer verbrennungsmotoren.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8005581A NL8005581A (nl) 1980-10-09 1980-10-09 Helder vloeibaar brandstofmengsel voor verbrandingsmotoren.
NL8005581 1980-10-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049921A1 EP0049921A1 (de) 1982-04-21
EP0049921B1 true EP0049921B1 (de) 1985-02-06

Family

ID=19836001

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81201092A Expired EP0049921B1 (de) 1980-10-09 1981-10-02 Klares, flüssiges Kraftstoffgemisch für Verbrennungsmotoren

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0049921B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE11676T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3168809D1 (de)
NL (1) NL8005581A (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1224628A (en) * 1982-12-09 1987-07-28 Union Carbide Corporation Diesel fuels
DE3307091A1 (de) * 1983-03-01 1984-09-06 Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG, 5000 Köln Treibstoff und eine verwendung desselben
DE3330165C2 (de) * 1983-08-20 1985-10-03 Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG, 5000 Köln Motor-Kraftstoff
DE3345516A1 (de) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-04 Uni-Commerz Handelsgesellschaft mbH, 2800 Bremen Loesungsvermittler fuer vergaserkraftstoffe
IT1197464B (it) * 1985-12-19 1988-11-30 Snam Progetti Composizione per carburante ossigenata alto ottancia e metodo per la sua preparazione
US4744796A (en) * 1986-02-04 1988-05-17 Arco Chemical Company Microemulsion fuel system
US4795478A (en) * 1986-06-17 1989-01-03 Intevep, S.A. Viscous hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions
US4713087A (en) * 1986-10-14 1987-12-15 Texaco Inc. Carrier composition for introducing additives to a motor fuel
NO864988D0 (no) * 1986-12-10 1986-12-10 Dyno Industrier As Oppgradering av tunge voksholdige oljefraksjoner til bruk som lette fyringsoljer eller dieseloljer samt oppgraderte oljer.
GB2231060B (en) * 1987-09-11 1992-05-20 Intevep Sa Hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3822119A (en) * 1970-11-19 1974-07-02 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Anti-pollution anti-knock gasoline
US4002435A (en) * 1971-11-17 1977-01-11 Wenzel Edward C Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines
US4154580A (en) * 1974-03-22 1979-05-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for producing a stabilized gasoline-alcohol fuel
US4098339A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-07-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Utilization of low BTU natural gas
DE2854540A1 (de) * 1978-12-16 1980-06-26 Bayer Ag Kraftstoffe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3168809D1 (en) 1985-03-21
NL8005581A (nl) 1982-05-03
ATE11676T1 (de) 1985-02-15
EP0049921A1 (de) 1982-04-21

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