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EP0048267A1 - Procede de formation de membranes de diffusion utilisant des mandrins espaces - Google Patents

Procede de formation de membranes de diffusion utilisant des mandrins espaces

Info

Publication number
EP0048267A1
EP0048267A1 EP81901032A EP81901032A EP0048267A1 EP 0048267 A1 EP0048267 A1 EP 0048267A1 EP 81901032 A EP81901032 A EP 81901032A EP 81901032 A EP81901032 A EP 81901032A EP 0048267 A1 EP0048267 A1 EP 0048267A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
tubular passages
microns
plastic material
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81901032A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Clinton V. Kopp
Dilip Shah
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baxter International Inc
Original Assignee
Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc filed Critical Baxter Travenol Laboratories Inc
Publication of EP0048267A1 publication Critical patent/EP0048267A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/026—Wafer type modules or flat-surface type modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/061—Manufacturing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/04—Tubular membranes
    • B01D69/043—Tubular membranes characterised by the tube diameter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/42—Details of membrane preparation apparatus

Definitions

  • Capillary fiber dialyzers are currently being used in the dialysis of blood, and also show promise for use as oxygenators for blood and for other types of semipermeable diffusion apparatus.
  • An example of such a capillary fiber dialyzer is the CF® dialyzer sold by the Artificial Organs Division of Travenol Laboratories, Inc.
  • Other forms of capillary dialyzers involving a multiple tube flow path include West German Patent No. 2,824,989 published on December 21,.1978; West German Patent No. 2,622,684, published November 24, 1977; Kohl U.S. Patent No. 3,557,962; and Riede U.S. Patent No. 4,016,082.
  • capillary tubes are used, for example, in the commercial capillary fiber dialyzer mentioned above, as well as other commercial capillary fiber dialyzers.
  • the diffusion membrane unit defining an internal flow path is provided in which the individual flow channels through the diffusion membrane unit may preferably have a maximum transverse dimension of less than one millimeter or one thousand microns, with a minimum transverse dimension being as low as 70 or 100 microns, for greatly improved dialysis efficiency, or corresponding improvements in any other desired diffusion process.
  • a method of making a unitary membrane made of the plastic, semipermeable material in which the membrane defines a plural ity of parallel tubular passages passing longitudinally from end to end of the membrane.
  • plastic mater ial is extruded through an extrusion orifice exhibiting the cross-sectional shape of the membrane, while applying mandrel means through the orifice to displace the plastic material with the mandrel means in a manner corresponding to the pattern and shape of the parallel tubular passages. Thereafter, the Extruded plastic material is allowed to harden, and the hardened plastic material is separated from the mandrel means to open the tubular passages.
  • a continuous process membrane diffusion device may be formed out of an extruder and then cut into lengths and placed into a housing for use as a diffusion device such as a dialyzer, an oxygenator for blood, an ultrafiltration device, or a membrane plasma peresis device.
  • a diffusion device such as a dialyzer, an oxygenator for blood, an ultrafiltration device, or a membrane plasma peresis device.
  • the blood can pass through the membrane diffusion device, or a stack of such devices, in the tubular passages while dialysis solution or oxygen gas passes along the exteriors of such membrane diffusion devices.
  • an opposite flow pattern can be utilized as well.
  • the plastic semipermeable material may be a form of cellulose, for example, Cupraphane-type cupraamonium cellulose, particularly in the instance where dialysis of blood is contemplated.
  • Other plastic materials may be used to make up the unitary membrane diffusion device as may be desired.
  • mandrel means an organic liquid having a molecular weight in excess of 150, and substantially immiscible with the plastic material utilized to make the membrane diffusion device.
  • the organic liquid used for the mandrel device may be isopropyl myristate.
  • the technology for forming the liquid mandrel means out of an organic liquid is available to the prior art, and is presently used on a commercial basis to manufacture the capillary tubing made out of cellulose which constitutes the dialysis membrane in presently available hollow fiber-type dialysers, for example, the CF® dialyser sold by Travenol Laboratories, Inc. of Deerfield, Illinois.
  • the parallel tubular passages defined by the extrusion process of this invention have diameters of less than 1000 microns, and preferably no more than 500 microns, specifically 100 to 300 microns.
  • the center to center spacing of the tubular passages is most preferably from 110 to 400 microns, so that they are separated by only thin walls, the minimum wall thickness between the tubular passages and the exterior being preferably as lew as 3 to 15 microns.
  • the immiscible organic liquid is utilized as the mandrel, the resulting unitary membrane device is formed with the passages being filled with the organic liquid. It may be delivered to the user in this form, so that the user may drain the organic liquid or, alternatively, the manufacturer can take the added step of removal of the organic liquid from the hardened plastic material to open the tubular passages.
  • the semipermeable membrane material may be any desired membrane material besides cellulose, for example, polycarbonate resins, polyvinyl alcohol, or the like for dialysis procedures, for example hemodialysis .
  • the diffusion membrane unit is used for the oxygenation of blood, polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone rubber may be used, by way of example.
  • conventional membrane materials for plasmapheresis or ultrafiltration may be used if desired.
  • the unitary membrane diffusion device of this invention may have a minimum wall thickness between tubular passages and the exterior of 3 to 40 microns.
  • the diameter of the tubular passages used in hemodialysis may be 20.0 + 50 microns.
  • the membrane diffusion device is intended for use for the oxygenation of blood, it may preferably have tubular passages of 500 + 200 microns in diameter.
  • the diffusion membrane unit of this invention may have thinner walls than the usually capillary membrane tubes found in fibertype dialysers and the like, because the indivual tubular passageways are supported as a membrane unit and not just as separate fibers, which provides them a measure of protection.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a stack of the membrane diffusion devices of this invention, positioned within a housing for use as a diffusion device, for example a dialyser.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view, taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged elevational view of the face of extrusion apparatus shown in the process of extruding the unitary membrane diffusion device of this invention.
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the extrusion device of Figure 3 shown in the process of extruding the diffusion device of this invention, and further showing other process steps in the manufacture thereof, said drawing being in schematic form.
  • Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view of another embodiment of the unitary membrane diffusion device of this invention.
  • a stack of the membrane diffusion devices of this invention is enclosed in a generally rectangular housing having enlarged manifold ends.
  • the individual unitary membrane diffusion devices 10, within housing 12, are preferably present in a number sufficient to provide enough diffusion surface area for a particular use desired. Diffusion devices 10 may be sealed at their ends
  • a second flow path through the diffusion device housing 12 along the exterior of diffusion devices 10 may then be defined between a second fluid inlet 20 and outlet 22, positioned in the sides of housing 12 in a manner which is analagous to conventional fiber dialyser technology.
  • the rectangular shape of housing 12 and diffusion devices 10 provides a substantially simplified and efficient diffusion device, which is easy to manufacture.
  • each of the diffusion devices 10 define linear humps 26 on both sides of diffusion devices, and adjacent each tubular passage 23, so that the overall thickness of each unitary membrane device adjacent each parallel tubular passage 23 is increased over the thickness of the membrane device in the space between the tubular passages, for example at area 28.
  • This provides flow channels 30 for the fluid that enters and exits through ports 20, 22 along membrane devices 10 on both sides thereof.
  • the individual membrane devices 10 in the stack are retained in an orientation by housing 12 so that the facing humps 26 of each membrane device 10 abut each other to provide open channels 30 between the unitary membrane devices 10, for the flow of fluid in the second flow path, for example dialysis solution in the case of hemodialysis.
  • blood for example, can flow through port 19, entering the open tubular passages 23 of each of the diffusion devices 10 in the stack enclosed within housing 12, while being sealed from flow along the exterior of each diffusion device 10. Thereafter, the blood flows into manifold 18 and out of port 21, as part of a conventional hemodialysis circuit, for example.
  • dialysis solution can flow through inlet 20 into a manifold area 32 at one end of housing 12, flowing, for example, through transverse interior grooves 34 positioned on inner surfaces of both sides of housing 12 to permit the distribution of dialysis solution along both sides of the stack of diffusion devices. Apertures may be punched through areas 28 at one end of devices 10, to permit distribution of dialysis solution to all faces of the diffusion devices in the stack and to interconnect flow channels 30.
  • the diffusion device of this invention can function as a very simple dialyser, utilizing segments of the extruded diffusion device 10 as the diffusion membrane.
  • an extrusion device 34 defining an extrusion orifice 36, through which the unitary membrane diffusion device of this invention may be extruded.
  • a chamber 37 is filled with liquid plastic material 38, for example a conventional cupraamonium "dope" solution containing alpha cellulose, copper" sulfate, and ammonia, the solution being pressurized by means of pump 40, which may continuously add cupraamonium solution to container 37.
  • the pressurized cupraamonium solution is extruded through orifice into a bath of caustic soda 43, which causes the prompt coagulation of the material.
  • conduits 44 are provided, extending through tank 37, for the application of liquid isopropyl-myristate to serve as mandrel means and to define the open tubular passages 23 which, in this embodiment, are filled with the isopropyl myristate.
  • the application of the column of isopropyl myristate can be balanced with the pressures in chamber 37 to form a solidified membrane diffusion device containing the tubular passages 23, as shown in cross-section for exmple in Figure 3.
  • Chamber 37 may be vertically positioned as shown in Figure 4. Alternatively, it may be horizontally positioned, as shown in phantom, beneath the liquid level of the caustic soda bath 43, being sealed within an aperture within the wall of the container of the caustic soda bath.
  • a continuous length 46 of extruded cellulose membrane sheet may be carried by rollers 48, 50 and other rollers as desired into a wash bath and an acid bath in accordance with conventional technology for the preparation of coagulated cupraamonium cellulose materials.
  • the continuous strip of extruded material 46 can be severed by a knife member 52 or other means into discrete lengths 53, to form the unitary membrane diffusion devices, which may then be stacked and utilized in housing 12 as described above.
  • the isopropyl myristate mandrel fluid, or other liquid as desired for the same purpose may be removed from open tubular passages 23, with the diffusion devices being preferably washed in Freon or the like, dried, and then forwarded for assembly into diffusion devices as shown on Figure 1.
  • an alternative unitary membrane diffusion device 10a is shown., having flat outer faces 54 without the humps of the previous embodiment as shown in Figure 2.
  • the open tubular passages 23a are provided, being made in a manner similar to that described above.
  • a spacer member such as a porous screen or the like to facilitate the flow of fluid across the outer faces 54 of the membrane diffusion device lba.
  • Figure 3 shows the outer faces of those mandrels within open tubular passages 23, which maintain the form of the extruded structure for a period of time sufficient to permit coagulation of the extruded structure by the caustic solution, the length of the wire mandrels being governed by the time required for coagulation to take place and the rate of advance of the extruded member.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

Des membranes unitaires (10, 10a) fabriquees avec un materiau en plastique, semi permeable, ayant des passages tubulaires paralleles (23, 23a) passant longitudinalement d'une extremite a l'autre de la membrane peuvent etre produites par extrusion du materiau plastique au travers d'un orifice d'extrusion (36) presentant la forme de la section de la membrane. Des moyens de mandrins sont appliques au travers de l'orifice (36) pour deplacer le materiau plastique d'une maniere correspondant au modele et forment des passages tubulaires paralleles (23, 23a). Apres que le materiau plastique extrude se soit durci, les moyens de mandrins sont separes du materiau plastique durci pour ouvrir les passages tubulaires (23, 23a).
EP81901032A 1980-03-24 1981-01-26 Procede de formation de membranes de diffusion utilisant des mandrins espaces Withdrawn EP0048267A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13315180A 1980-03-24 1980-03-24
US133151 1980-03-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0048267A1 true EP0048267A1 (fr) 1982-03-31

Family

ID=22457250

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81901032A Withdrawn EP0048267A1 (fr) 1980-03-24 1981-01-26 Procede de formation de membranes de diffusion utilisant des mandrins espaces

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0048267A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1981002750A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4390575A (en) * 1981-12-02 1983-06-28 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Multichanneled diffusion device
FR2616812B1 (fr) * 1987-06-18 1989-07-07 Lyonnaise Eaux Procede de fabrication d'un materiau poreux organique et notamment d'une membrane semi-permeable organique, filiere pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede, membranes realisees et modules de filtration renfermant ces membranes
FR2641709B1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1992-01-17 Lyonnaise Eaux Procede pour la fabrication d'un materiau poreux organique, notamment d'une membrane semi-permeable organique, comportant une pluralite de canaux longitudinaux separes
FR2641708B1 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1992-01-17 Lyonnaise Eaux Procede pour la fabrication d'un materiau poreux organique, notamment d'une membrane semi-permeable organique, comportant une pluralite de canaux longitudinaux separes
NL1009866C2 (nl) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-15 Search B V S Membraansystemen en gebruik daarvan.
DE10138319A1 (de) * 2001-08-10 2003-04-24 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Membrankörper sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
GB0620246D0 (en) * 2006-10-12 2006-11-22 Univ Cambridge Tech Extruded materials having capillary channels
US8911625B2 (en) 2009-07-09 2014-12-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc Spiral wound module including membrane sheet with capillary channels
WO2011025698A1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Dow Global Technologies Llc Module de filtration comprenant une feuille formant une membrane pourvue de canaux capillaires
US8114478B1 (en) 2010-09-17 2012-02-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Dual-sided membrane sheet and method for making the same

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US3342729A (en) * 1964-12-09 1967-09-19 Dow Chemical Co Permeability separatory cell and apparatus and method of using the same
US3686377A (en) * 1971-03-01 1972-08-22 Du Pont Method and apparatus for melt-spinning hollow fibers
US3975478A (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-08-17 Monsanto Company Method for producing highly permeable acrylic hollow fibers
US4035459A (en) * 1975-05-01 1977-07-12 Chemical Systems, Inc. Process for spinning dry-fiber cellulose acetate hollow fiber membranes
DE2622684B2 (de) * 1976-05-21 1979-03-15 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Membranaustauscher
IL52259A (en) * 1976-06-22 1981-02-27 Akzo Nv Dialysis membrane and its manufacture
US4176070A (en) * 1977-03-18 1979-11-27 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Semi-permeable membranes of regenerated cuprammonium cellulose and method for heat sterilization thereof in physiological saline
US4219517A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-08-26 Puropore Inc. Process for spinning dense hollow fiber cellulosic membrane

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8102750A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1981002750A1 (fr) 1981-10-01

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Legal Events

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB LU NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19820526

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: KOPP, CLINTON V.

Inventor name: SHAH, DILIP